22

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

^
cV npFpppGV Gpp

Kp VV#Ks
KpM K sp V npVc. KpFp np pb
KMbpp Te ppbppGpj oCK. KppppFp XFppFp
nppVp\Fp KpFp ppN npGKppGp \GpGvGV.
GpFbpV \Gp. WnpN GpFpnpKp FbpV nppGpGpj VpVpGp
punp\N nVppKp. GpFbpvKp KpM ppKp npKpFp.
npspIbpp VpaKpFp ""pKpZppGKppGp pGpj ppKpKp
V VpCKpF. pvKpKpF bpOM pO pKpF KpV
pG FppKp S. GpFbpKp KMp VTK.
KpFp Kpp\ p, pp~bp, p lMp VT.
GpFbpKp KpM ppKp np Vpp TebppKp.
KpM lMFp p pp npFpp ppspGpj np VKV Wo{ppFp.
KpF pK pK VKpM pKpFp pvKpbppGjM pa Kp
Fpp KV WM lKp SpKp. bp pGp Fp GbppGp.
KpM Gp Kpp\ pp\ lKp ICKpGjV pC KpFpV pa
nppGp. pGpj VppGjV pKp KpGpj npVppM TFpp
pnpKbppGjM pKpepbppGp \GpGp pMKpp\V
pGpGpGpjMV ? bV. KpKp pGpGpKpp\p VppKp.
pMppbppKp, FFpp pFpppKp. WKp \GpGp LpaFppM;
pKpZFpIGp pj KFp pGpj pGpjKCp YKGKp
pVKp.

Ks - 2

23

Wpp pVbpSb pO Kp pGpnpsGp VF Kpp\bpp, GVGVp

pnpKbpp, p@npO Vpbpp, ps J pMbpv p@ lbppGpj
I\CpApGp. ^p\Gp pbp ETpGp. ^p\Gp I ppGp.
YvGpGpj pKp ppN Kpp\p GpcC VbppKp. paV Gpj M
pGpj bpECKpF Kpp\p bppKp. bKpF WKp pps pxpsFp
KVnpIFpvpKV ? Tp WM. KVnpIFppKp Gpp V pbpp
pNbppGpj VKppFpKp. GMFp Kpp\Kp pGp pVbpSb
vKppFp. KpKp KVnp GppKp.
ppGKp vKpGp MKp Vp. pvS YKp pnpKpa.
KpFp VppGpj C pvS npVppKp np@\
pbVM lKp Ipbpapa. ^p\Gp bVnpp (ppIGpFpppGp)
GFpaKp pav ppNFp npp (G Kpp TFpppGp)
GFpaK. vpIKsbp WKppN kGVGp pvKpIM, pnpK, pV
bpvp bpM WKpp bpM W. WKV V pnpGp MKpM
pnpK, FpqT VbpSKpp. pbpp Ynp OVbpSb \GpGp
vKp. pGp GMN pp\bppGpj pOGp. 1) WKp KpKp
pGpGp Kpp\p bppKp 2) p@\ ppFpVnp\ppKp 3) VKpp
bpp VC Vbppp 4)pMppGpj pppa Gp pGf
nnppbpM pKV. WKpN cVpnpGp VppGp

p Lp
p pK pnp Inpppnp\pVp@pf &
IVKpp IKp pspp pKppKpGp && 1 &&
pbpp p pFp LN paKV lGpjpFpp \GpGpGpj
pp pKppKpGpGp KpF pKppGpj Gp npTpppp pbpppGp EVbKp
VppGp.

tpbpGpp
ppa ppMIKp InpV ppnpCppf &
G\npppbp\sp\pFpp\Gp && 2 &&
\Gp ! Inpp ppKp GpKpp pp Tp ? WKp
Gpb lKp vp? Inpp pp. lKpF p pKpFp ppb ppV
WMV, Fp Mpp nFpXpKpKV I\Kp ppKp GpV
JGp KKp vp ? JGpV ? \GpGKpFV pGpGp Kpp\Kp
Fppb pvKpG ppGp. bKpF pGpGp Kpp\pGpj FppM
n@np@IO VFppKp JGpV cV pnpGp VppGp XKp,
WKp JGpV p. kKpF pIpFKppFFp EVb ppM EVb

24

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

pTKpKpKp pbp\p CpNKp. V\ KFKp. bpM

pGbp\KpFppGp \Gp. npFpKp pM _Vp FppKp. JGp
pMKpF pnpFpnpFp KV K VbpaKpFp. pMKpp\KV
ppsKpF KV pbp\pN VC~bp kwbpvppa. Kp V\
Fppp M. IVF pGV ppM nFpCKbp ""bf pV IFp
pV pV f pV pM. GCV FV' GpFMFp ppGpj F
pFpKpFp. a pMGc lKp Kpp. p pOv npFp, pGp
p\K lKp IVFp a N N paV pMpKp
aGpj WKp Fp GGpppKp WM. KpF IVFpGpj WT
bpaV vMKp. bV npFpN pGp p TCpApGV
pGp V\ lnp Gp G LSVp ? p Vp~ WM, V\
WM. YMIM YnpxIM. Yp\ pIpGp KpFp p pa GVTM
KpV WKp JGppMK VFGp ? KpKp
vs p p bpp nKp\ GppasnpnpKpsV &
pKp pKp KXv\Ms psaanp npFppnp && 3 &&
\Gp ! npppGppGpj ET Vp. bKpF \GpGp nppGV ?
p bpppFV? bpM nXFpnpIMKpGp npp. ppp lw lMFp
npFpnKp\pGjV pppFp. FpGKppGp pbpFpp pFp GpaFp YKp
pT bpK KpTpKp npFpnKp\NV. ^p\b snFpKp
npFpnKp\p pp vFppKp. ^p\Gp npKpI npn pGpj npKpIGpj
KpFpnpVbp pTKpFp oM npFpnKp\pGjV pTKGKp
pApGp. _VpGpM npPFpnKp\pGjV pTKpFp Vbpbp vbV
VbpVp. KpKp WKp npFpnKp\pMvKp pxnp pKpp\GpKV
pKp npFpnKp\. b\ pMNsb Vppp
""Gpnppp nppGf JV VGp Va p Cppf &
npFpnp pnpp pGpKpGp ppspf && ''
pKppGFpp pGpGpj pp pAKppGp npFpnpGKpFVGp ?
pGp GpnpppGV p. pGV npFpnp pFpnpGp. p nppGp. LpapGp
GpKppaGp psGp, pGpGpj nppppKV nXFpnp \Gp
VGp npppGppGpj ETVp. WKp Gpb pFppM. l npFppnp!
pKpKpFpp pMp pGppGpj pO KpM lKbO M.
""pa sbf pFV paGpj p. Kp pKpKp VpM Kpv\M.
WKpN \GpGp paKp pFpGV npjGjVpepGp.

Ks - 2

25

\Gp Lp
pKp Vnp pp psV KV@ p pKppKpGp &
Wnp npV~sI npJ\ p pKpGp && 4 &&
pFppGpj ppGp ppp l pKppKpGp ! Kp pI
GGp ppGKp Vnp Gbp \FpFKp KV@Fbp
M@bppGpj ETKp Vb G Kpp ? kKpF V,
pKp\Gp ! pFp GpGpb npVFp.
KpV KV@. npFpppGV VF GVVF lV KGpppKp
naV nVFp pM pp Vp. WKV KV\Gp bpFpp.
pvKV Vnp. pFpp pFbp Gpp ppNp. pFp, npFp,
vKp KppFp. WMp GppKv pG pxKpM pv pKpspKp
pMpV GpGpjKp pGpjKv pG vFppKp. pp pFpGjV npV
FKp p pFppFp ppappa FpbppKp WpFp GpGpj pK, WpFp
p, WpFp Gpp pM bpFpbpp, ""KpG np\bpp Vb'' bpFp Gp
V npFpnp V''
Gp vKpGp\ Ip bpFpG\p cnps &
oKGpKp FpnpcV#p cV#p &&
opap pp npFppGpKpKp VGpKbp bpFpp LnpKVppGp
M cnpsGp LnpnpGp M. npFpp CKpF WKV bpFpp bpFpppGpj
npKpKKp V. lMp kFpbppKp. tV pnpGp VppGp.
""\Gp, VGp GpGpj p pp.'' t pnpGpV \Gp, KV
V napA p npFpnpGbppGp. Wpp C bpFpp
IMbppGp, bpFppp pKpKp GMppKp. \GpGp bpFppKp
pETKp pun p\NSM EK pK GVppppGp. pGGpjpGp.
bpFpGpp E pGp Gf &
VV Vpa pspVp V &
ppKp\ppa bpFpp &
p_V VbGp Fp npbGf && 5 &&
pGppFKp bpFpGpFpGpj MK VpKp Gpj
VTKpFp F. Kp GpGpb YSKp lwp. W
KpF nTb VppKKpM p}Gpb p@npO VbppGpj
pppa pGpMp pKp YSpGpj oppKKpKp\. ""Gpj vV
psJGf : (aV 321) GpjV kppp npFppp. KpGpj
npKpKpKp pp pK paFppKp. lKp paGpj VpKp.
Gp pnpFpnpFpGpj VIC pGpMp MMG vpVnppGpj npKp

26

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

pIV@. KpF npFpp pp GpcppKp Vp. lvKV \GpGp

GpjKp v. bpaGp p{p EVbV WFpppFp. pnpVGKpF
np jVp pvKpbppGpj pTKp pApKp Vp. Vpp MMG
KF. KpF GpKp VbpaFpp KVpGp pNFpV VF.
WpFMp VKpKp. Kp punp\ cVMKpKp. ppKp
ppp FFppKp. KppbpM GpjKp IKGp. Gp pTpAK
VF VppKp. Gpj. bXpp vKpGp p_]p Kp
KppKKp ppa (|.|.) Kp GpjpGpj InpKKp lKp
EVSCFppGp. bp lM pbpp pVFpnpGFpaKpFp.
bpFpGpFpGjM Kp kGbp VKpK ? VpKp
FppaCpaKp KpGp, pKpbpTKp Vbp WnG pGKp Xp
p pbppKKp vpp \Gp VoCFpvpKp. WnM
FT KT Mx pVFppGpj nVpp Kp\pbpp
VbnpVbpbpp G CpNpKp. npGp pGp pp\pGpj VppGp
Gp pKp ppFpGV bpV
K Vp GV &
GVp pGp __VInp
aV#pC nppV Kp\Fn && 6 &&
Vbpbpp pp c{p CbppaKp VpbpKp. Gp
kGp pTKpF YSbppKvKpGpj VpM KpsIM. kKpF Gp
VSKpKMp JGpKp CKpp. KpMK Gp bKV VFpp
pFp MpKV op lKp VpbpKp. FpGpj Kp Gp
vKppVKp vpaM V Kp\FnpFp lKpbV FppFp.
JGpFpKp KppFnpGp pKp Vp pKp
pGpppKp SKp VbppKKpF Gp vKp kGp ?
\GpGp pa VoppGp GIVbp VSKpKMp JGpV
WFpvpKp. Fp vMFp? KpKp pGp n\ppGp.
np\@s KVVnppp pp
np{I Kpp\ ppqpV&
HVsjc{p vE pG
cnpsaV#p p npnpGpjpf && 7 &&
npppGpKp KVnpKp GpnpppppApG Kpp\Kp vbZ pp\K
bp bTFpp GGp GpjGpj VpaFp. pKp c{pKKpKV, Ep
pFpKpKV KpGppGpj GpGpb pnO Vp. GGp Gpj cnpsGp. Gpj
pF pNpGp. GpGpb K\Vcp. VpM c VTKpF MKp. pnpx

Ks - 2

27

pJ}Gj WOFp VGp KpGpj pnpTp. F Fp FGpj

pSCp. CKp F pb J VpKp J VGp WKp
pnpTp. VMKpF JKp FGpj npGp pppFFp ? Wpp
ppnp\ \GpGpKp.
W \GpGp pGpjGpj np@\ pp\CTFppGp.
WpFbp pGp pnpGpGpj pGpj KpJ\pGKV SKpGp. GVp
IKsbpp GV pp pFpGKp ICKpGp. pGp pGpj
MbpGpj np@\ pnpb O FppGp. pKpZFpKppGp
np\pFbp cnps Gb J}pNpGp. JMKpF KppGp
nFpb@FpGp. pKp pGs pOv pbp\p pSbKp bppGpj
bpapT pT pKppT pp pGpp pSb vKp Vppa
pp J bppFV KV V pKpZFpKppGp pGpj cnpsGp
pFpKb Fp pGpGpj nppv Obppebpp, p
VpbpSKp nFp bSppGp. \GpGp ""pbppGf ! paKp V''
lKp GjC pApGp
Gp E npnpsI ppGpnpKsKf
HppHVnp@Ipf&
nps ppppnppjpKp Fs
pFp npsGf && 8 &&
KpGpKGpsbpSKpbpT npNOFpp FspGpj KVpbpSbM
YpGp ppp WKpnpKpIGpj npKp pp GpGpj Wbpp VppGpj
KpFpppp Lnp GpGpb @KK. WKpGjM npKp pp GpGpj
Vpp bV LSpKKpF WpbppGpj npKp GGVGp G
pp ? WnV KFpKKpF GpGpjGpj pIp, WKp GpGpb Vp.
\GpGp WKpN WGjp LpaFp WVp ? lKp VoppGp.
p Lp
kppa pVp bpVp npFppnp &
Gp Vp~s W bVIKppa V vpp p && 9 &&
pGKpGp l FG ! Vpv Gpj bKp \GpGp
pKpKp pp\p pGpj vM cVpnpb ""l FG ! Vpv Gpj
bKp \GpGp pKpKp pp\ppGpj vM cV pnpb ""V bVIKp !
GGpKpGp'' lKp ppG pSpGp. lpFbp \GpGp Kp
nXFwppa. KpFp pp\pKb VbpKp LnpM FppKp.
pbp\ GpFppbpvKpN KpFp pGpsO. KpFp V cV pnpGp pGpj
IFp KFGpj pppGp. Kp pp pnpxlKp.

28

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

ppp
pVVp
npppjp
Fpp
&
VGpVFppVp\KsV IVKpp IKp pp && 10 &&
GppFp FppppKp FGKp l KppFnpG ! p\I
VbVpFpGp Kp cVpnpGp lFpp VGbpp pKs FpKppGpj C Vp
paGKp \GpGpj pp GpbpaFppGV lv ppGpj VSKpGp.
tVpbpGpp
V sGpGp Vppa npJKp{ npV &
bppGpbppp{ GGp Vpa npT &&11 &&
\Gp ! VGp VpFpKppb VpaFp. pa pv
SKppGp ppGpaFp. KpF SKppFp ppapbbp
Kppbbp Vp VbppM kKpF bp vKpFpppFp
pp pKKp Gp ppNpFV VGp pnpTpGp pp pp
p. ppap JGpvKp GpjM kKpF.
Gp Vp Jp Gp p GVV Gn&
Gp p Gp pInsp p\V p pp npFppf && 12 &&
pKpZFpKp GGp YKGKp MKp WFpMKV M; Kp
GpFKp K p lM FFpbpp K \f
FCVppKp ppvFpppp p "lvKp WFpMKp M.
GMFp G WMbpKp M pKpZFp pKMKpM WFppGp.
GpF pK WFppGp. W VbVpFpGKp pnpGp VbpKp GpKp
V pp Ma pInpsKp KpFp IKspGpFppKp lvKpFp
vbZ Ypa FppGp, pFp@KpI\Kppb KppFpKvKpN
Fp@pGpj Sppa pGp VppGp
KVE GV#CGpsK KVV XpFp XpGp F &
pK KVpFp na\VFppap Gp pps &&13 &&
_VpGKppb KVpKp XpFp, XpGp, pKpbpSFpp
VF VF pVFpbppGpj nppKp pp YKp p. VFp npFpnpGp
pp ppppGbpFpKp. lKV Y Vp pbp. bp
ppFFpI. KpF VVGp M. pa pKpF. npFpnpGp
Yp\GV. KV KVpFpp pp. Gpp p Fpp WMpKp
bKpbpp WM. pVvFpKp vKppp nppp\G WMK KpFp
b CFpFpp ppapGpj pppAppFbp GppaV WFppKp.

Ks - 2

29

pp\pa XV cVVnp p KpK &

bppnGV#s a Ca pp Fpp &&14 &&
l pVppFpGV, p, Kp, cVVnpbppGpjOppp
W ppa pbpp Inpbpp pVbpV psKpKp. pwpKpKp.
KpKp Fpp ppKp l \Gp, VGp WpbppGjM pVp. \GpGp
W ppa p n p GpsKp pKpbppGpj VoCV
ppppbTKpGp. pMKpp\, pMbpFpbpp nps WMp W
VpN pbp\pKpp. Wppwp, pps GppGpj KpppNp. Inp
pVbpbpp. lKKp WFppM Wbpp pKp\sp
lKKp LSFppKp WM. KpKp \Gp ! Vp WpbppGp p
pECV. k? \GpGp pEpVp lGpjM pGVGp EpMKpG
KpaFppGV? LnppGpj pEpVp lKpF pFppbTGb @
paFppGV ? pFpVp lvKp GpFp Vpp ppcVVnpKp
ppKpFppKp. YM Kp GpKpKp pGO Gp npFp cVpM
VCb bpVGp pIKp VpM. ppap pS CM, p, Kp,
pGnppGpbppGpj pECpApKp ^p\ V V K. WKp
pKp npKVpKp Gpp pOKp op@. ps KppGpj pp
V kGp VppM. WKp Vp VpFp punp\ WKpFp pV
pnppaGpj pp\K ppGpbSC npFpppGp GMpp pT KIV
pnpKppGpj pp pbSppKp. IFpV WMKpF lFpp pJV
pabpp Fp V VFpVp ? KpKp np@\pKpG p pp
pbppp KpNp KpM bbpM KpsIM. V pK\VpKp
VFOKp op@. sbpKp CbppKVGp? pVGp? WKpN cpnpGp
VppGp
E Gp psKpsVV npFpnp npFpnpnp\p &
ppKp p VFp V#pp pMxV &&15 &&
kKpF V, npFpnp VnpGV ! p Kp pGpj pp SKp VFp
npFpnpGpGpj Wbpp pnpbpp pVbpbpp pFpp. pGp
ppsIp Fpp pp ppKp nab VbpsGbppGp. W tpnpGp
YKp LnpM ppKp npanppGpj pTFppGp. KpKp npp
pbp\p CpNpKV GpFppp CpNpKV lKp \GpGp VopaKpGp.
KpF cV pnpGp VSKpKp WKpKp pbp\p KFKp, GpFppp
KFKp KpF ppp KFpKp lKp pp lGpjpKVGp?
GpV IKpsV V G V IKpsV pp &
LpVFpKpnV#ppaGpVpapKpc\ &&16 &&
\Gp ! pf ppaIb CapIM Kp WMV WM KpGpj

30

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

pM KpsIM. bp ppsvKpN MbppM SIM. pIM.

KpGpj SpM KpsbpKp. \GpGp VSKpGp ""KVpFvKpKp Vp
EVb VpV ?'' tVpnpGp VSKpGp ""GGp VppKVGKpF
lFppFp kFppbpZbppGpj Gpn M Gpb GVp ppKpc\bpp
pTFppFp. KpF ppKpc\bpp pp TKp ppspGjV tpnpGp pa
FpI VSKpGp. cV pnpGp ^p\ ppKpc\Kp pnpFpnp. npFpp pp
npFpppGpGpj nppsp Kpc\C KpFp G MppFV ppKpc\bpp.
pf, pf lvKVGp ? KpFp vbZ VppGp
IG cp p VGp pp\IKp pppf&
IGpppssps Gp p{ppp\ pp\ &&17 &&
bppaKp spMFppKV KKV GpFpEpKpKp.
psps IGcGpj IGp npTpM bp KpsbpKp. KpF
IGcKp "pp' Kp pFVGp ? WKppKp? IGp npTpM
bp KpsbpKp. KpF IGcKp "pp' pFVGp ?
WKppKp ?
ppp WV KV pssVa pV &
GcGV# npVps pKpsKpsp Fpp &&18 &&
IGc, npVGp pspFpnpGp Kp pGp Fp
pFp@ pVFpbpMp GpppKpp. KpKp pFppppKppGKp l
\Gp ! VGp Kppp. pGV pp pGV IGc. KpN
MbppM LSIM. CapIM.

""pVFpp GpppKpKp. KpKp VGp Kppp''

KVpKp \GpGp VpM XFppGpj pp MVKp pxnpbppM.
npp nppKp FppKp pp pVFpbpV G ? nppFp pVFpbpp
IGcV ? pVFpp Gppp lGpjp KKpF cVpnpGp Fp Fppb
FppGp ? \GpGp pVFpKV pVFpV ppa. KpNp Capp
WM. KpGpj ETpM KpsIM. cV pnpGp bKpF pVFpKp FppbKp
FppGV ? bKpF pGp IV, pqp lKpVp vpKp. pK
cpnpGp GV VppGp pVFp ppN vKppppGp ppnppppGp
IV, pp v (312) pGp nnKp npFpnpGp _VIppKp
psKp\. ps \GpGFp bKpF ?
ppap GpFbpV \Gp. GpF WnpGp bpM
FpKpp JFppGp. bGp pb pbp\Kpp\Gp
pppGp GV pVFppM. pVFpvKp pFp@ pp. p ppp
pG. KpFp p ppppGp GpFbp np@\ p. Xp Kp.

Ks - 2

31

pKp vTpKpKp pVFpbpp GbpKp. pVFppGpj OF

pp paKp. pVFppGpj KpppKp. WKV pKpp\Kp cVpnpGp
MsKp XpGp pKnpsp vFpp KVpFpp vFppKp. pVFpp
pTKp KpF pp (_Vp) p ppapGpj ppKp.
pVFpp pNFpbppGpj pCTK. pNFpp pGpp~Gpj
KCTK ""pGp kp pGpns Fp@ vKp VpV
"pGpp~Gpj pp\K FVppKp, Cp pM GMppKp
Kp p pNFpKp IM lM YKV V. pNFpbpp
vppEp pKp VppKV pVFpKp ps. KpGpj pM Gp
FKpG ppVp. pnpGp Vpp "pp\' nNppp\ Vbp lvKp
WKV cVpnpGp M \Gp Gb Kppp nVFVppGp.
KpF Xp Kp KO pTKObppGpj nV~Epppp YKp
Vpbp WM. pJV ppa IJV nppabpp Gpp GpKppp
Kp Gpp pKV\pN pvCKpKp.
kGp Va pFp Gp pGpsV pppf&
LX X Gp IJVV G p Gp pGpsV&& 19 &&
pGp ppGpj MppGKp vbpGV Kp pp
MMxFppKKp SpGV pVp\Fp pGpGpjKppFp. kKpF
pvKpGpj MM bpKp. CpAM bpKp. npGp KpNV
YpaO VppGp.
Gp JV IV pKo&
G p pI Gp p&
JV ps pV# npF
Gp pGpsV pGpspG pVFV&& 20 &&
pGp lKp pOpKp WM pKp WM. kKpF pGp
pppGpj vKppppGpn. pGp pGKV Fpp VFVGp bpFp.
kKpF pGp pOIMKppGp psGp. ppGp npFpGpGp. pVFpp
GpKpFp WKpFp GpbpKp. pGV pps pGV pp. pGV npFpGp
pGV pGpGp. Vp Fp ? ppKpp\pGpj FpppFp.
pppKp ? p. K\f Gp VMFp VnppFp. pb p
npKp SKKpF p pp pGpGp vpKp kGKp WM. KpFp
pM pvpIFKpF. Vp npscbpVGV KpF pGpGp
KpI\M pGpGp Kpp\Kp pGp Vp YKGKp pVb
vKppFp.

32

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

KVp IKVpbpp pGpp ppKp pp YKV npK. KpKp

IpKp lV bp, FvFV bp pGp CGpj Vpp
ppxFpF K GpM nppj cVMFKpF pFpGpj
pGpGp KpI\ lGpjvpKp. pFp YKp V paFp, ppGpFp,
pFp kGV Fp pFp pGpGpKpI\
VK IGcGp ps kGppppspf&
pKp p npFpnp nKp\ p mp p ppf&& 21&&
n\p pVFppGpj FpKppGj pTp vpFpnpKp MpsKp
pb p pnpxKp bpO Gpp npK nppGKp l \GpGV !
p npFpnpGp pp GpIMKpKp. psKpKp. pMKpKp.
pspaKpKp lvKpGpj vMGV npFpnpGp FpGjV bp Vb G
CGp. Vb G KGp ? IGcKpKpN GpvKp
ppp. pMKppGp pOFpGp. KpKp pVFpKp vbb VpFpKp.
WKpGj LKpFpb pxnpbSppGp.
C _V\ K I
Gp bp GpFV#npFw&
pK pVFw I _V\GpsGs
p Gp KVE&& 22 &&
pKp vGjbKp pGpnpsGp p vGpj pp
_VpGp ppKp KVppGpj O VF p pVFpbppGpj nppGp.
_V@\Kp VV p pVFppGpj KpppKKpF opN ppNp k
Vp ? ppp WGpj IpCpbp Vp. ppap pVFpp pNFppGpj
KpCK. pNFpp _V@\KpF pVFpp O VbppKp. pNFpp
lFpp GpbppKKpF lFpp GpNV pVFpp _V@\bppKp. GppFp
pGpnpsGp YKp LCFppp { vKppFp. pNFpV pVFp. pp
pNFpbpSbpGpbp@ p p pVFpbppGpj KpppKp. "Kp M
ppp: npFpnp K Wp, pKp nVpspp & pp Vp
npFpn#JV & (Ksbps |) K\f pp npFpnpGp
ppMxpGp. VpKp npFp n pGp Vb
p{ppApGFppGV KVV ppa GppFpp bppGp. pGpj ppMxKp
I\Cp pVFpbpp pGp LpxGpjbppGp V ppsvKp
pVFpKp vKpp pp. pb IM pa KpFp Fp pFpbpp vbZ
VppGp.

Ks - 2

33

GGp oHKp pw GGp Kpp npp&

GpGp VKpsnV Gp Vnp pFpp&& 23 &&
pvKpGpj p ppp CVpFpKp. WKpGpj
ppFpKp. Mp WKpGpj YK ppFpKp. bS WKpGpj Y@pFpKp.
HVKsV#pKsV#p VKs# Vnps kpp &
ps pp\bpp @FppV# pGpGp&& 24 &&
pGp VpbpKppGp HVKps. pGp KpsGp.
KpEpbpKppGp. pGp VKpsGp pGpGpj VKp YKbpKppGp.
pp pGpGpj pGjpb ETFpKp. pGvpKp p~KVp
Vnps. pp\snpp, pM CFp pGpGp.

\GpGp pMKpp\vKp pGpGp. EVb KpppKpKp

pGpGpK
pp\p bppKp. lKpGp KpF cV pn pGp WKpGpj JGpKpGp.
ppGjV pGpGpKp SCKpGp. pFp ? pGpGp Kpp\Kp Gp.
pGpGppKp ? p. YKp V pb pGppFb Gpp KpFppGjV
pIpFppKKpF KpFp I IVnpbppGpj FpIFKpF pb pGpGp
Kpp\vKp SKp. WKpFp OnpppGpj npKp
CMKp Kpp\ VFpbpp GppIpVK. pKps VGp FppKp
FpKp pM vKp ppGpFp VpM pGjFpp IFp. WKp pFp
ps WnpxaVp V pK. pGjFppIFpKp kFppa MpFp
bpvppa {KpF YKp VbpVpa. paGjnp G bpM
Kps? KpF WnpxaVp bp IN pK VbpaK. WpFMFp EKpbpV
GV ? p YppKppFp. pxspxpsKp. yON vEnppFKp
WpFMFp KpFp. pFp GpcC VM KpF pFp pGpGpKp,
nppp\GpcVMKp Kpp\p Gpnpp.
psOFf (Matter)VpKp pKp p ppap pGpGpKpKpGpj
pOM pp KpsIMFpbp pT bKp pGpGp Kpp\p
pbppKpV? WKp Kpp\pM pV ppnpKbpp npC. WKpKp
FppKp npKp pGppsp o{p. KVpp Ip_pp. FV
hpsvKp WKp pps LSK.
pV pbpp WpKp pT. pIVFp npFp _
ppFp hppa Fpppa pVGp p pOvbpSKpp. WKp pFMFp
ppGpFFppFp. pFp V Fp Vnp pM Kp pa
ppM. KpKVGp bKpF ? Kp\F Yv pXbpp
pSA YKV YKp I vS pp\ npFKp p@Fp lMp

34

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

KpM b jGpN vFppFKp Op pSpFp. p@Fp

vKpG pFpGpj ETKpFp pFp po{KpFp. pFp lKpGp
IKp VFp laKpFp KpN po{ pTKp LSKp VFpGpj
Ib KpFp. F pKpGpj Ib KpFp. p@Fp SS
GVppaV WKpFp. ppF ppKpFp. GppFp p@FpGpj
pFKp p pXbpp Kp FpSKpFp. pp pGbpp pFpGpj
po{OFp.
pFpGp pFp p@Fb pFppKp yO ppp
GjCpFp. p@Fpp pFp V XKpFp. "pGpFp
Vp. GKpFV p@Fp. p yO pppKp Vb ?'' pFKpFp.
""Gppb ppp IFp ppFp ppspp pv WK. pIp Vp'' EVbKp
p@FpGpj OFp.
p@Fp ppb vKpFp. GVTKVGp ? Gp lGp I
VFpGpj lap VbpaFppFp. KpGpj pp pFp GppGp pp ETKpFp.
GpFp Fp@ VpM. pGpFp I pGpj OFp. Gp
Kpb IGpj lMbSCKpFp. F ppGpj WKpFpN
OFp.'' lKp VSKpFp. pSA Gp bVGp pppKp, lKp
p V pa pSpFp. p@Fp VSKpFp'' bVK? Kpp\M
Kp.''
bp GpFp cp@ pT. CVbp pKpbp ^ vFp
FppGpj lKV pa TKpFp. psFp p@ pnKpGKV pp
Kpp\Kp Gp pSKpFp. pFp Fp@Fp bpSGjV Mpa
KpFp pVGpFKpFp ""GpjKpGp pa IoKpF Ip pSKp.
bpKpb bpKpbpOpbppKp''. ppGpp EVb nppN KFaKpF
pa ^ vFpKV ? Kpp\pGpj pp kGbpVp ? Kpp\p
VpM p@Fp ppa LSKp Tpa pFV Kpp\pppGpj
FpopppFp pFV KpN ssppFp pFV KpFp \pFp. WKppN
pGpj EGp bpKp CVFp pKpFp, psFp, pFp, p@Fp.
lMbp VKppGpj pp FpIpa npKp pbp\Kp bpp
p pppGpj FpoCFppFp. Kp\ @\bpp bppECFppFp
noVGp FFp Kpp\Kp pGp pvFpppFpGpj cpaKpFp.
Kpp\npF@FpGpj KppaKpFp.
KpF pKpsMKp FppKp pGpGp Kpp\Kp KKp\ SpS
SKpKpKp V VSKp pSAbpFMFp pbpp YKp vb pFp.
Kpp\p p. lnVp Kp ppGpj VpFpK
ppspT pFp. KpF lMFp ppspTpAV ? pM

Ks - 2

35

pKKpFp IppF VF LnpGjV ppVp. WKp pp

pFp pnpxFppGpj p YGpjOV EKpbpp pKp bppFp.
p ^p\pX vKp "' pTC VbppGp. lMFp pKp
EKpbpV. lMFp ppGpFKpFp.
KpKVGp ? VFp pTKpKp, SKV ppGpFp pKpGpj
KpKp. KpKp Kpp\p Gpnpp. bKpF Kpp\p GopSAGp.
Go ppA lvKp YKp pps. Vp pKpF p lbpM
pKpTpApp. bpaV pa pjGp lKp Mpp. ppsp
bKp VKpFp lKp pa FpppKp. KpF Kpp\vKp TKpF
p pa Kp FppKp. pFp ppa lKbp. pFp Fp, pnp, cp
lMFp ppa ppKpKp ppaVp. ppap pp lv pGp
WKKp pV. KpGjV Gp Kpp\Kp vbKpFp.
Kpp\N GV pFpbpp ? kKpF GMFp pFp@Kpp\Fp
(M vKppppFp) Kpp\vKp YKp KpqpKp bpKp ppa.
KpN pFp@ KpF Gp pFpFbpvpKp. lKp Gpp C. KpF
Gp FKpFp Kbp p. Kpp\KpFV pKpFV
pKp. Kp GppGpj Vb FpppKp. Kpp\p pGp FpppKp.
Kp pp pv pa. Vp pa pDFKp I. Kp
pKp ppN pKp. p Kpp\ VK GVT. pVbpp
GpnpbppV Fpp pGpGpKpKKp GpbpKp.
pGpGpKpKp K n p bpFppKKpF KpGpj ppp
pTFpKp. ppFpKp, VFp GGpbpKp. Gpj MIFp,
npp CKp p ppap KpGpj pOM pp bpKp. bKpF
pGpGpKpKp Vb p ?
WppKV Mp OVbpp \GpGp MKpM WKpp. \GpGp
WKpN vKpGp. pGp ppa pFpa bpoKpGp pMKpp\p
pGpGpKpKp. KpKp pGpGp Kpp\p GpcCVbppKp pMKpp\p
GpcCKpF GM Gpp MKppFb GpFppKp Kp VbppKp.
""KpF cVpnpGp VSKpKp. GpV JGp Vb vp ?'' Kp pVKp
VF VpVM. KpKpV G cVpnpGp KpGpj FpCKp pV
pGpGpKpKp. pb p npKpKp nppIMKpF pGpGp KppN
VIGpj npVcCMKV Kp\.
pGpGp pp pp pp\FpM sCTK lKpV
VppKVGpGpj ? WKpN cVpnpGp VppGp

36

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

psaV po s# pI\# ppsV &

pKVp IGp GGp Vop pp\C && 25 &&
pp pspa K\f Wbpp InppM. Wbpp pMp
WKpGpjM KpsIM W bp pbpp Inpbpp pVbp
IFppFb pp WFppKp . KpF KpGpj Kp\pTpAbppM.
Kp opsKpKp. opa ppa KpFp MpbpSFpppFb pFb Kp
pp. KpF Gpp Kpp\Gp LnpVbp ppa npVpN ppIFpKp. KpKp
opapGpj FVpVp.

EKV cVpnpGp VSFppGp ""pf ppaIb CapIM. pf

ppaIb MKpM pIM. "pf' lvKV pV nppp\Gp
cVM. pp, pGpGp bp pspa ppKpc\bpKppFp p GpGpj
Icnpbp@bpSKp pTKKp pp pFp. paFp n IKpGp
GVpM. paFp V p@ppApGp @M ppKpc\bpp ppFp.
cVpnpGp pK VppGp ""ppV npFppp. pGpp~Gpj FVpbp
KppGp KpFp Kpp\GppGpj nppGp KpFp npVppGpj nppGp.
naMKp pbpppGp Kpp\GpbppKp. pFpbpSbV pb pGpj
pp pVbp@Kpp\bpSKp pTFppKp ppvFppKp. pb pV
pps pGV pGpGp IGppGpvKp ppppvFppKp. pGp
opsGp IFp FpEpGp K\f p vKppbp vpbbpKppGp
lKp VpMxppKp. KpKp \Gp ! ppGpj EVFppGKp
SpKpKp kppN VGp VpFpKp. KpKp \Gp ! pGpGpj
EV FppGKp SpKpKp kppN VGp VGp FpKp. GppFp
cVpnpGp \GpGp IFpKF IFVK ppGpj VFppGp.
KKp pGpspp\.
Kp Gp psJp ps pGpsV pppf &
pKp, pV Gp Vop pp\C && 26 &&
VGp WKpGpj bpM GpppppKp ppa pFp@ Kp
pppKp lKp ICFppKKpF bpM Gpb VpM p Fp@p
WM kKpF
Jpps E KpV pps Kpp Gp ppps p &
p Kpnp\#K\ Gpp Vop pp\C && 27 &&
pKppb p Tp ppapb pO c{p. np\Kp
IFpKp KppM p Fp@p WM. p pKp WMKp IFpKp
Kpp VbppKp paKp KpN pF O.

Ks - 2

37

psaV p pspa pKs Fpp &

pspa KGpGsVp pp npKVpG && 28 &&
l nwbpp pb KpM ppaGppFpp pVFpIMFppp
pb KpM ppaGppFpp p pspaFppp. pO IGp pKs
pp p pVFpppA VFppp. EVFpbp oppKV WKKp
nppp\G pp. p lvpKpGpj Fp pTFppFp lvKpFp vbZ
VppGp
p{\ ppxps pc{KVGpp{\pKpdKp pKp Gps &
p{\ pGp pGps pV
pnsGp VKp Gp p pc{f && 29 &&
KpM cpnpGp pGpGpj ppKpc\bpp pp @pFKp
VSKpGp bp ppKpp\Gpp lnp KpM\pKpKKp vbZ pp VFppGp
IFpp lV ^p\pnpFpnpGp pp pGpGpj YKGKp
p{v pppApGp VppM nppsp GVppGp. KV
V paVp\ pnpFpnpGp YKp npFppp{\Kp WKpFp pp
pGpj VppGp. pGp pTFppGV pGp ppKKp\
VppGp. pav pnpFpnpGp pGpGpj p{\Kp VppGp lMbp
VpM KpsIM. pp KpFp b pp. l \Gp !
pGpGpj YvFp VS SFpFp kKpF KpGpp KppVFpKp.
Vp YKp IFp ppGpj VpvpKp, Vp vpKp K p\
pTpAvpKp YKKp lGpj TC TC S vbZ JM
pppa bpM p p lKp pObpOpa W. VpvKp
p npvM KpKp pMx aGpb Vp p Vp Cb vKp
KpN p pI. p IFpMp pKV pKp bGp
V CNp pF ^ppKp.

p cVpnpGp @\pGpj VppGp

KVEV psppKsV# KVV pp\ps Fpp &
pp~\w p Gpp Voppp\C && 30 &&
pGp pp\Fp pVFpbppM lKKp pKpsGp sGp. KpKp
lMnwbpSb, lM ppbpSb Vp VKpM.
"pKV pGpGp' pKpspGpj npnC, WKpFp nppppGpj pp
pw\C Wb npjGpj GbwpvpKp. bp kpp npjVGKpF
pGpGpj npp vb Vb? WT V vbZ lFpV KGpj

38

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

VSK. KpM pbp\ nNp pp\Vbp paKp JGpVbp !

lFpp pbp\bppM Gpp \KV. pp\Kp \
vbZ. Ypa ppa VbVpFpGKp cpnpGp JGpVbpKp Inp
VppGp
pKpp\p Vps Gp I pp pp\C &
Kpp\ K{VGps#pNps Gp IKpsV&& 31 &&
\Gp ! pKpp\pGpj GVTKpFp KpFpM Gpb p
Fp@p WM, kKpF Kpp\vKpKp KpNpM npFppEpKp
pbp\ pFpFpKp. WpFbKpFV "pV pGpGp' KKV
kppp Kpp\ lKM VSKp. bp "pKpp\' lvKVGp?
Kpp\VG pKV Kp pM, CFp, bKpF Kpp\pFp pKp?
KpF ppbp\Kp J} Wpp Fp ppa pKps\ lMbp VF
VF VFppKp. ppKp pOp pKp\sV pKpp\,
WKV pGpGpKp p pbp\Kp pGpjp KppFpGpj pnpFpnpFp
ppKp pFppFp pKp\spNGpbp@ GMN Vwbpp poKpFp
pKp, ps, p, p@ lKp. KpG nFpp
npVp\ KppGp pKpGp K\f MxGp bp bpO pG
pTKpFp KpFp ppa Inp pp pGjpb GFppM.pGp
npp p JMpGpj pFpGp. C pGp pnpFpnpFp
V pTKpKKpF ppKp pKpZ@bpp pCpApp. bp pGp
ps Vw KppGbppGp. ppnpKpV Kp pnpKp. WKpGpj pGp
MMG pbpEppa J bVnMG KpF Wbpp pFp
Wpbpp ppKp\Gbppa vFppGp p VKbpSKp WbpSb
EbppKp. bp IVp FbpsbpSKp pbpp pFppbppKp.
KpF nppGpj \V ppp KpFpFpKp. ppp LGpj nppa
KppGp p pFp@Kp bp@bppGpj pTKp pp pa KpF ppp
vFppKp. ppKpV npp bp p}Gps IFpbppGpj GpbSpp
pKp\sGp LbppKp. KpKp Kpp WKpV
Fppbpp. ppp KpGKp KppGp p@pKp Vwb
vKp VFppGp. V pGpC~Gp ppGp, WKppGp
KFEKp opGp, pFpp, nppKp Gppp, JGp Ws Mp@bpp
KppGp ppb V nppEp pbppp. Wpbpp pGpj GpnGppGpj
VFpC ppp KppGp vppGpj npVcppGp. pGp p@pp
V vppp pp LSpKp.
IKVp FGKp Gpp p pMNspp\bpp @,
LnpCa, pVM, Fp@, LKMp, b\ pKp _Jpbpp npjbpSb

Ks - 2

39

Lpappa p NFppGpj npnp@\p pTpGV p@

GCpApGp lKp VSKpFp pvKV pppa nwbpp
Vp,npFpVpbppGpj K p\ppKp. YpKp lM nwbppGpj
ppKp. p\ pKp, GM, M, j, , FppM,
pp, p, bp YKKp p@p pp pGp Sbp
npFppKp. p pvKp p\I pp pFp. WKpFp
Fp LSKpKMp GpppKpKp. pGp VpKp
pFp vKpGpj K bp, nppnp, VpppGpbppGpj IFFp
pnp\bpp np\p pppGV pGp pp\bpMp psKp\ Gp Kppp.
pGp pFp vKpGpj KV VpKp pKpp
GV pGp C KFp@KpKp pv pnp@KpKp bp pGp
"pFp' vKpGpjp VpKp npwppGV pGp p@
(vpKFp@sVnpnpa 3/4578)
\GpGp p Vw Kpp cpnpGp VppKVGKpF pV
Vw Kppb KpKpMK VFpnIM. bKpF pGFp?
GpFp vpp WKpN ppKp pFppFp GpKp KpF p@Gp pbp
p@. pGp pbp p, psGp pbp ps bp pKpGp pbp pKp
EVbKp SpFp. KpF bpM pFpFp pp VSFppFp pFFp
p@\KpFVGp ? lvKpGpj W cVpnpGp p lv npKppGpj pp
bKp TFppGp pKV pGOGV KsKppFb npb
ppKGppGpj Vppa VFppGp "nppap' p@\ lvKVGp ? WKpFp
vKpp Vb LbppKp ? lKp.
cpnpGp "pp\@s p pnppf' lFppGp. KpFV GMN
p@\bppGpj GGp pCFp lKp bKpF pGVGp pGpnpsFpGjM
poKpGV ? WM. lKp cV pnpGV VSFppGp. ""bp@pp\Ibpp''
bp@bpp pKpsppGpj ETKp pp\bppGpj GMNbpbp IbpTCKVG.
bKp pp\vKp kGKp GVpVp. WKpGpj ppK G?
bp@vKp nppp\Gp cVMKpKp. KpGV Bops VKp pCV
paKp FCV pabp, FCV paKp V pabp npVcpM
Kps. p p@ lvKp ppbppKp. bp vpKp npVcpM
Kpsbpp lMVbpsbppGpj KppGp WFppp. p@\N pvCKp
npjbpp WKp nFpp pGOGV KsKp GbpApp.
tVpnpGp pGps kGKpF ""VGp pKp\V Ibp@ npFpp
Kpp\p~Gpf'' ppKp pT vKp Kpp\Kp npppa Gbpp
pKp\s p Vw FppKV Kp YKp VV bp@FpEpKp pKp
VwV WFpvpKp. Kp EVKp pp npFppEp pGjV VppKp. kKpF

40

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

Vp Kp pp VVFppa VbpI. bpMK VGppFp

GppFpGpj pp VKpF KpKp KppGp bppGp. \GpGp
p Vw Kpp KpKp cVpnpGp VppKVGKpF ""Gpj pp
KpV pKp KpKp npppaGbpM Gpj papKp\sbppGpj
ppp KpFppa pSpF Kp Gpb ppNKpM. KpNp IKp
pbpp\p pb VFFpFpKp. WKpFp VV ppanp
pp Mpa VbVpFpGKp pnpGp VppGp
KppH Vnp npGpj pbp\KFppnpppf &
pGp p nKp\ MpV Kp IKpppf && 32 &&
n\p pVFppGjV FpKppGj pTp bp pnpxKp \GpGV !
GV YKp vKp pbp\Kp LGpp KFpKpFpp Kpp VpM
np@snp@pFKp pb pp Mp ppNKp. pVw KppGp
bp@bppGpj pTKbp pKps\IFppKp. pb pbp\KFpp FKV
WFppKp. kKpF pGp KI pnppa np@\ _\pMxFppKp.
pFpKp Ippp Vbps WFppKp. WKV FKp pbp\Kp M.
VpVpFp KppGpj bpspa pFp pp nppFp. kKpF
punp\Kp Vbps pFp WFppKp

npnppKp Kpbpp Gppp. Ipp opNK KppKp.

npKp J VFppKp. KpN ppKp bMp
IJVpGKppbp KFKp. WMp Vp, np Vpbpp YvGp
pavGpGpj bp pGpj paKpnp pSpGp. pFpKp lKpFS
pGpGpj nV pSpGp. WKpp bMp ? WbppGpj Vpppp
VpvKp Gpj pFpbp IKpFVGp ? pb pVFpp Kp
VbppKp. b p pKp. bpM. paIp Kpp Vp VpFpK
KpFp YKV YKp bMp KFpF p npp lKbp
IFpKp bp npFpp npFpnp npFpppGp na WFpp MppKp. WKp
lpp IKpF IKp EK VvKV WM.
Kp VpIp Kpp\s pbp Gp pnpsC &
pp pKpp\ V\ p E nnppnpsC && 33 &&
bp VGp YKp V Wpp Kpp\paKp KppGpj KpF
pp, pGpGp npFppKpp\GKp npFpppGp npVppGpj KFpC
pppp Kpp\KppGpj ppFppKKpF ""pKpp\ KpF
ppKp pKp VFOKp pKps\pGpj, pbpp paGpj
pKpp "nnp' KpF pKp pbpT (pFp)
Kp npV\Gpj op. npV\ vbZ npp VFppGp

Ks - 2

41

V\ p pKpnps V#pspf&
pIpps V\ p\FpKppsV && 34&&
lMFp GpjGpj vpMKppFb ppFp. WKp pp npKppspFKp
pnpFpnpFp IIp, npFpFp, I, pV pKppFpGpj
ppvpKp. vpp KppFp pp pp Kpp\bpp vbZ IFp
pppFp. GpFp kGKFp ? lKp VoppFp. pp pp
KpG ppbppKp. WKpKp KpG lpKV WFpp
nVFp KFpKp. MKpFpKppFb pp YpGOIVpKp.
pIp psab OpFp Ip VKpKp
pKpKpnpFpp ppsV pFpK &
Vn p p vppV p psC uppf&& 35 &&
p pFppFp VGp pGpsGKp pFFp
pFMFp GpjGpj ppHKp GVppFp. VGp Kpp Kp
VTK lKp SpFp. pFp lKpF Fp ? K
vpp pIC pGpjGpj npFpp KppFp pFpbpp. WKV
V. WnV ppKp IKs pb p pVKp Vp
Vbpp pp pFpbpp. KppGp bpSb p\
lKp Fp GpjGpj KpFp pKp GVpaKpFV pFp Kp
VGp Vbp. nV M.
ps Kp{ vpGp pnps pE &
Kpp pap pKps\ pV KppFp Gp pf && 36 &&
Gpj ppbpp Gpj npFpppGpj EVSppa pFpKp ppbppGjM
ppFp. YKp pnxKpFp p GNbpSKp K ppbpp VS
vFppp. pFpKp ppbppGjM ppFp. Gp npxb Kp
VpVbppKp. WKpNp IKp KppV ? KpKp
pV nps~C pbp\ _ VpsV pEVpf &
pKpanp XV K pp p{ && 37 &&
KpKp ppaF pbp\ bKpF WT pppMKp Fs. ppaF pbp\
KpF pKp Fpb npp Ippp KF FpKpbppKp.
npFppKVpGKp npFpppGp npVp Kpp KIV pnppabpp pKpKp
np@\ nppEppKp. Kp KpKp bKpKV KpF p pEp
C KFpKp. KpKp lKpFp p V, \Gp ! VGp KppGpj
ppM np@O M.
GpFp n VpN ppaF IVFp pbp\ bKpF Fs lKp
K\ppFp. KpF EKV \GpGp VSFppKp pbp GGpGpFp

42

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

vpKp pbppGf ! pppMKV M WKpFb pFp VpKp

nppsp KVpbpSbp YGFppKp KpF KVVKp npKpI CNKpFp
GpGpj VppGpj npppppp Lnp GpGpb KpFp @ vFpaM.
WnV YKpV CbppKKpF l bVIKp GpGpb Kp VM WnKpFp
YKp V tVpnpGp. ""\Gp ! Kpp. bKpF pppMKp
Fs GpjKbppKp. ppaF pbp\Kp ppGpj pFbpAvpKp.'' lKp
VSKpF. XKp, pnpGp ppKKpFp paGjVGp? KpF \GpGp
KpGpj pGp pps. V (npFpp ps@) pKppGpj vpp.
Wpp cnpsb pKpZFpKVpGKp tVpnpGp VSKpKVGKpF ""Vp VpFp
punp\Kp YKp V pVFpKp ppp V VbppKKpF.
MpspGpj pObpMKpF bp pbp\pGpj npvpKp. KpF pFpKpV
Ippppp pKp\spGpj npvpKp KIV pnpKpp pKpKp
YbpZppKp. bpMK pVFpp WFpbpV punp\Kp pnpMGKpF
"pEVpf' KpF ppaKp vpGp pEGpj LnpVpvpKp.
ppE CGpj npvpKp. bKpF pp\p kKpF
ppEpKp na VpF KVpp EVb lFpp bppM M. pKpM
p GpnpKpM p, pa WKV pb npppGp.
pKpV pV p X X &
pVK sp Gp nnppnpsC && 38 &&
V pKpbppGpj, pbppGpj, npbppGpj
ppKp SKp KpN pGpjKpGbp. KpppKpKp VGp nnp
bpF. KpF pKpM pp\p KpKpM KVppIK. pKp
ppaKp C K\f pp\p KVpp Kp ppEpGp
C npFKp KVppKp KpF KIV pnppabpp V ps. V
Gpj p GpnpbppGpj VGV Gj IVoCp KpN CKpGbp.
KpppKpFpV lFpp ppabpS. KpppKpKp nnp KpFV
bppGpbpp Fb CMpF. KpKp KpN VGp pK MpKV
JGpVbp
JGppbp\Kp pp\ (Kp) IFppM lKp GpFp pIppFp.
pGp pFppKp JGppbp\ lKp pFGpjpFp. GGp "pKp' "pGps'.
""p vC'' bp@V bp@Kb p\ppKp psppppKp.
GpGpbVGp MpIM. lKp p pSp ppFp. VbVpFpGKp cVpnpGp
npFp WKp JGp VbppM. JGpVbpKpM nNp pp\VbpKp
ppp KV pp\bppGpj ppVp. lFppM v Kp VGpKp
pFp pp. JGp p\ pGpj CGpj SKppG p p\FpKp
Mp pppGp nNppp\p\KppGp pGpj "WnpN' cpG

Ks - 2

43

pp\pbppGp. pppKp lvKp lFpp pbp\bppM WKpKV bp

lFpp pbp\bpppFp ppp pp\bpp YKV. KpF pp\pbpp
KpVGpbpp pp VF VF.
\Gp ! bp WKV vGpj nNp pp\VbpKp vbZ Vp
KpKp pa VGp pp\ vKpGpbppGpj vMpMp ab
vpKp. W cVpnpGp pp\Kp pFpGpj KpM VSFppGp KpF
pp\KpFVGKp VpM. bp pp\pGpj SpK pp\Kp cnpsKp V
npp VFppGp
kn V#E s vVb p p@ &
vKps a nKf pp\vKp nppsC && 39 &&
nK\ ! vGpj Gpb JGpVbpKp InpKp SpK.
p v? KV, Kp pp. JGpVbpKp WFppKV Wnp, pGpjGpj
Gp GVTp, p vbZ IFppT, bKpF ppEp
C ppa VpF KVpp Kp pp\p ppa npFKp KVpp.
lFpp pKp pIK. Kp ppKpF lMFp GppGpj FpFp,
pKp IK VSKpFKp GpjpFp. npV\ vFppKp. V
pGpj CappGpj lKpFp WCp, pp: IFp pT KpKp
bppFpGbppKV JGpVbp.

JGpVbpKp pp\ (Kp) ppp ppsIM lKp GpFp

YKp pnpx pMxGK. JGpVbpKp pp\ Vp lKp pFp GpjaF,
GGp "pKpGp', "vKpGp', "pGpsGp' "Kp vC' FpGp.
bp@Kp bp@p pTpApKp lKp ppSppApFp. VbVpFp
cV pnpGp WKpGpj JGpVbps GpjpM. JGpVbpKpM KV pp\
ppK, nNp pp\VbpKp pppppKV. lFppFpM WFppKp
vFV v ppa KpVGpbpp pssp, JGpp\ pGpj CGpj
SKpp, pGjpb GV p\FpGKp pp\pGpj pppGp, KpF
nNp pp\V pGpj CGpj SKpp, pGjpb GV
p\FpGKp pp\pGpj pppGp, KpF nNp pp\V WnpKp
cpG pp\ pppGp, lFpp KbpSKp ppK, ppp pp\
pp KV. KpGpj lFpp IKpKp ppvpKK. VpM pp\ ppp
KpVGp pp lFpK.
\Gp ! WKV vGpj VVbp nNp pp\VbpKp InpKp
Vp. pbpSKp Vp paKpF pp\bpp vKpGppGpj VGp Gj
GpppvpKp. W KpM b pnpGp pp\Kp pFp bKppGp,

44

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

KpF pp\ kGKp VpM. bp pp\pGpj VC, pp\Kp IVnpbpp

p npp pFpTpp
GVpp GV#Ca nppsV Gp IKpsV &
pMxpnpsps Kpp\ps V ppV pf && 40&&
nNp pp\VbpKp nFpp KpF VN SIM. CVIp
npMFpnpKp KVnpIM. KpKp nNp pp\Kp KKp K\f
pp\Kp pnCKp Mx pp Kpp\p pp Gp pFp@ FpnpKp
ppKpKp nFp pppKp. Vp pp\pGpj SjC WKpFp
YKFpp _}bpKpFp pK V (p pKpZppGp pGpj ppKpV
WKpp KpFp GpvpKp. KppFpp VpV VM.) VpGpj
pp pa, \Gp ! VN GpIM. npp pp pKp\sKp
WM. ppspGpj SC pppp p p ppbpp KpFp vSM.
KpN pFp@pGpj pKpevpKp. ppT pa ppvpKp.
KpF KpG FpppGpj SpFpKp.

pK cVpnpGp VppGp nbpp nKppGp pp JGp

FpnpKp GXGjV ppbpFppGpj KO vMpGbppGp. KV ppGpj
W EVb VppGp \Gp ! nNp pp\VbpKp VJFVnp
pTKpFp p. VN SIM. npVps npM Vpp KVnpp WKpFp
ppFpKp. pbp\, C, pa pb p KpGpj FpSpp
FpKp. Vp KpGGpj pvpKp KpF KpG pp
pGpj LKpCV VFppKp. nNp pp\VbpKp of KpG
pp Gp pFp@ bpv pGf pKp pGpj nFpbSppKp. ""GVp
Gp pCKppaV npFbppf'' pp\Kp VJFVnp
GVGVp Gpbpp GppFp pGpj npFppKpIKpbV pKp ppKp.
npFppbpGjV pppKp. WKV ppKp pK VppGp.
psp v FVVp pFp GpKpGp &
vp ps Gp p{ vKpV# pspGpf && 41 &&
\Gp ! nNp pp\VbpKp pp vKV
YKp, KpFp nppp YKp. pp pnpaV CFpKp pnppa.
pnppaGpj npp KpKpKp MMG pnppKV psp.
psp Kp p{pp vKp YKV bKpF GVGVp
bppGpj SpppFp pG pppFpMV ? cV pnpGp VppGp
"XKp, pFp pG pppFpM. npFpnpFp v Gpp bpppAKp.
KpKp Gpp bppGpj Ipappa VbppKp.

Ks - 2

45

I p npx p nppKp ps Inpc{p &

VKp Kp Fp nKp\ GGpsKpCaV Gp && 42 &&
pGp pbp\ npF Gppp\ npM npKpf &
IVnp vp Vbp\bp np &&43 &&
nKp\GV ! "ppFp' pGbpSKp paF "VKpKpFp
VKpKp psbpp Vpbp ""pbp\npF'' pbp\pGjV npFpp
MpsKwppFp. KpNp pKVGp WM lKp SpFp. EVb
Vp ppp IVbpp GpGp pFp@ FpnpKp n pMIVp
Vbp\bpp Gpj pa KpN bppGpj Ipappa VbppFp. bp
Vpbpb JM ppppp VpGpKp VFpbw
ppbppGjppFp. KpGpj pspanpTppFp. KpF IVbpKppFp
v Gpp VKpppAKp. pFp npM IVp psbppV FpIppFp.
VKp psbppGjV npp@Kp vbpFp. pb npFpppp npFppp ""lKp
VSKpFp KpFp FpF Gpp pbppGpj I\ppa
VbppFp. bKpF Gpp bpp pp\pMV ? cVpnpGp
VppGp'' M GVGVp bpKp pp\pM. bKpF
c{pKp papKp? tpnpGp pFb WKpGpj pp VpFppGp.
pFb pGp "IVbpp v pv ppMbpppAKp' lKp pp
VSFppGp. KpKp pFp Gpp bppGpj pa VbppFp.
pKKV M, Mp KpGpj FpbpppFp. KpFp
nppVGbppKp
Vbp\ nppaG, pnppp Vppf &
psp v ppKX Gp IVV && 44 &&
pFp pGp pK FpFpV VppKV pFp v
bppKp. pb pap na WM. pFp pb pFp KpN
pGpIpapFp, Vbp\bpSb pMvppFp Kp npFpnpFp p
pFp@Kp pp vV WMbppKp. "Wnp' Kp ppGpj
Tpppp p{pp pFpMSKp.

WKp IVbpp ppbppGpj pVpppFp ? Vbp bpsbpp pp

ETKppFp pp WKpGpj VppFp. KppGp VpGp. Wpp
npFpnpFp ppp. ppKp npVppGpj VpvMpp p{ppKp
KpbpTKp v pFpFpFpKp.
npjVppKVGKpF "VKpKpFp:' VKpKp ppGpbpp pFpp
pApFp pp pnpxbppGpj pppFV? KpN cVpnpGp VppGp

46

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

bp@s Inp VK bps p\Gp &

Kp\KV ps ppV \bpVp pGf &&45 &&
\Gp ! VKpbpp bp@sInp VK "bp@bpp vbZ pp
pp Mpp. KpFp pGp C pN SKp. KpKp
bpsVp\Gp "\Gp ! VGp bp@bpSKp b KpF
pbpSp lpaFpN VbpVp. VKpbpp pp\VppGpj IV lKp
MVp. Kp Vb ? KpN pnpGpjLpaFp Kp\Kp pKpbpv
KpKppGpj ppo, psp ppsp Kp ppaIGp pGppGpj C Vbp
VpbppGpj vpK pnpF@GFp. V VVp. bp
npjVppKVGKpF ""GGvGV VVppKV Kp EK
VKpbpSKp VKppFp FKpFp WFppFV ? tVpnpGp VppGp
""VKpFV GpKpFp pFp vpppapGpj SpFp. KpKp
vpppapGpj SKppGp pGV pGV Inp
GKp\ LKpnGV pp\p pnpVKpV &
Gp~\np VKVnp p@ps IJGpp &&46&&
GbpSKpM p pppp ppGpj npFpbp pGpnpsb
YKpnpO MKp Knp npVGpV Gj vpppapGpj
pp p p@b VKpbpSKbpp npVGpp n .
px\VGKpF VKpbpSKp VV p@Gbp.
\Gp p. cVpnpGp pb p@GbKp VpaFppGp.
p@ p pKp p@\bpp ppKp pKp\sKp pFpbpp. Wp
pp\ npKGpKpp. GpKp Kp\pMxO pFpqT M. bpb
KF b CNFpb pKpKp YKp pKp kGp npVGp ?
^p\Gp KpFp XppGpj pppGp pavGp YKp pppGjV,
lGjV pGp. WKpNKp {Kp npVGpVGp WM. WKV
K vpppapGpj pNCp Inp pGppb pp
p@b VKpbpSKp nV npVGp ? npVGp pps WK.
VKpbpp WFppp. WGpj EKpSKppb KpFp npVGppO. KpV
p\b Fpp.
GppFp VbVpFpGKp cVpnpGp "pp\' pGpj ppbp
pEpVKp lp{Gpj npnppGp.
pp\VsFpaV p npVnp pKpGp &
p pp\npM Vpp\ V pbV#papp\w&&47&&
"pp\' pppKpFp pp Gpb Fp npMKpM. npMvKp

Ks - 2

47

WMV WMKp S. npMp pp pGpa Fp FpKp. npMKp pvM

ETKppGp pp VGbpFp. "pp\' pppKpFp pK GpFp ppKp.
pGpp VVpFpGKp cpnpGp 39G VpKp "pp\' Kp
pFaFppGp. KpF pp\ pKvKpGpj VpM.KpGpj Vb
ppVvKpGpj VpM. pp\Kp cnpsKp vbZ npaCFppGp
1) \Gp ! pp\Kp pMp VGp pp\bpp vKpGpKp
IVpGGpj np.
2) WKpFp FppKp KpF VKp GpbpKp. Fpp pTKpFpnV
p KpGpj SC pvM p Lnp nppM.
3) \Gp ! WKpFp CVIpnpMFpnpKp KVnpKp WM. pbp\
GpFpp, ppbpv Te KpFp CMpppp p pppbpp
WM.
4) pp\Kp of KpGKpFp, Gp pFp@bpp VOKp
TC nFppppKp.
KpF pFb pGp pp\VGvKpGpj VpM. pp\pGpj
pppKKp SpM. WKV KsKp UGV VpKp pGp
VSFppGp
5) \Gp ! WKpN Vbpp p{pp v YKV
YKV. bKpF GVp pp\bppGpj ppppFp. pG
pTKpbppMV ? pnpGp VppGp. WM, pFp pp\ppppFpM.
pb Fp@pGpj Sppa pGp VppGp IVbpKppFp v
GpFO ppMbpppAKp KpKp pFp GpFO pp\bppGpj ppApFp.
pp\bppGpj pp VFpbw pGp Fpbp Fpb Gpb
XKpp nppFp npTppFp. pFp ppbpp npp Fp V
VppKV ppFp pp pp vGpj ppTpApFp. KpKp
p{pp FppKp YKV. KpF pKvKpGpj SpM.
<GV VpKp pGp VppGp ""\Gp ! Gpb pp\ ppp
Fp ppIFppKp npMKpM. npMpGpj vppp GbpVp. bp
pp\Kp pKLbp FpKp. K\f FppFp KpGpj
ppp pVGp WFpVp. KpF pp\ pKvKpGpj VpM.
GpFp np: pN Kp\ kGV pp, KpN npMpGpj pp
vpKpFp nKpF nNp pp\VbppGpjFKp GpKp
lKp IppFp. KpF cVp n pGp pp\pKvKpGpj
VpV WM. W pp\Kp cnpsKp vbZ pp VFppGpn pp\p

48

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

VppKVGp ? pp\pGpj pppa pEpVKp lp{bpVGp ?

pKppGpj pxnpbSCFppGp. npj WKp LSK. KpGpj
VbVpFpGp pGp pFp ppa GMNGV Ksbpp TC VppGp.
ppaKpGjV Ya Ya VppGp
Vbpp pFp pp\@ pbp psa KpGp &
CKpsCKs pV p ppp Vbp Lps &&48&&
l KpGp ! pa bp pbpKVnpbppGpj ps_C C Cbpp
ppGpppGpj S VbpKp G p pp\pGpj pp. p
pp\? nNppp\. ppp Vbp LpsV ppp ppGjV
VbpGpjpFp. pKpFp vbZ InppFppMV KV ppp .
Cbpp Inpp ppGpj pFppp. pa InppGpj
pppKp. npVH InppGpj pFppKp. KpKp npVH ppKp.
KpFp pp\pGpj pppa pKGpj VFpppKp. pp VSKp lM
ppa Inpbpp pa VFpK na nabpKp LKCVGp ppK
pppKpGpj VbpKp pMGKp p pp VbpKp pGpp
IppbpFpKp.
Vbpp YKp npFnp C, paKp nFppKp C WK
nFppKpM GpGpj Kp MpsKp pbV WFpVp. KpKp VbppGpj
Kp Op pp\pGjppVp. pp p KpF C
CbpFppM ppGpppGpj ppKV Vbp, C C bpSKp
IppbpKppGp, Inpp ppGjV pKp pAKppGp. Wpp ppGpj
CFpnpTC pApGp ppVbpppApGC pApGp ppVbpp
"WnpKb ppGpj pKp ppKp. KpKpV WKp
pppVbp. pGbppGpj pp\K ps_CFppKpKp WKp nNp
pp\VbpCpApKp pp\pGpj ppV Vp. KpKp WKp
pp\Vbp. npFpppGb WKp IMGppGpj VppKpKp WKpN Vbp
K \f VpGp lKp pFp. WKpFp v paFpKp
KsGppjOpAVp. C Cbpp pppGGpj pFpVp
npnV pFp WFpFpKp. KpKp WKp nNp pp\Vbp
vVbp lCpApKp.
KpFV@ pspFp pp\ vVbKpGp &
vKX pFp@ppH pnp npM pp &&49&&
l KpGp, "pFp pp\' pnpKp pp\ , pGpaKp
pp\bpp vVbpN KpFp. npnVpApFp pnp@Fp, p Kb
pFp BK\Kp p\pFpFp. KpKp ppp vVbp

Ks - 2

49

pGjpp. pGb ppNKKpKp YKp V KFpKpFp KpGpjGp pIpM

pVFppGpj KppV VbppKp. bp pGpbpp GppaV WKpFV
YSbppKp? KppGKppGp VnVpGpj pp WO pAFpKp.
kKpF pGbpSKp ppaGbpIV Vppn npMna vbZ oppa
pFppKpKp ppp psKp\bppKp. bp npMp KFpKpG
Kp npMKb ppApKp. pGp KpGbpM paKp.
pK pGp p_CKpFp npVGpVK ? KpV pGp v
pIppbppKp KpKp pppKp vKp pp\pGjppVp.
JGppbp\pGpj pp cVpnpGp vVbpKp VSKpGp""\Gp,
vGpj Gpb JGpVbpKp Inp Vppa. bp W nNp
pp\VbppGpj vVbpKp Vpp ppap WFppFp v
ppa Kp VGpbpp pFp pp KpFp pbpp pNIO KpGpj
npVC p GpVbppKp. WKpFpM v pOKp ppppGpj
nTpApa vFpVbppKp. KpKp WKpGpj ppp vVbpKp
VppFp. KpKp KpGp, VGp ppp vVbppGjpp.
kKpF npnVpApFp pnp@FCpApFp.
vaV Vp LV ppp KpnpV &
pKsVb sp Vbp pp\p XpMpf &&50&&
pp vpApGp VpKpV nnp np@sbpFppFp
pbppGpj bKp ppGp. KpN pApM. KpKp ppp
vVbpN jp. ""Vbp pp\p XpMpf'' ppp vb
pp\bppGpj pFp XpMsKp pppKV Vbp.
npnppKp pp\bppGjpppKp lFpp vbKp. lFpp
KpVGpbpSKp. GpFp pp\pGjpCKpFp KpN ppN npMpGpj vppFp.
npMIM KpF pp\pGpj ppVbppKV WM. KpF VbVpFpGKp
tVp n pGp pp pp\bppGjM v K pGpN Fp@bpKp Vppa
""FKpGKpGjV' pp\Kp VppGp KsKp pGp pp\Kp
pFp pp ETFppGp pFpGV KsKp YppaGV VpKp KpN
npnGpj VT. GMNGV KsKp pp\Kp pFpnpVGvKpFp vbZ
IpFp npp VFppGp. nppap VpKp tVpnpGp pp
npFpnpFGpj FKp pp\ ppp pGpj SppGp. pp\pGpj
pp pKO pp KpF npVHGpj pp VG O p.
npM lb VbppKp? WKV pp\Kp J@pGp. nNp KppGp ppbp
pa V pp\Kp V VVpp FppKp. pVFpIFppKV
"FKpGb, KpFp _JG pp. bKpF lKKp pp\pGpj
ppaFpV VV Kp WKpNKp npp LV ? W GVT

50

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

pp\ vaE npM psa pV@ &

Gp vKp Ip\a npKp bpp{psGppf && 51 &&
vVbpKp paFKp Jbpp pp\bpSKppp npMKp
pGGpj FKp Gp ppsbpp vKpGpKp ppopApFp. pFp
K\Vnpp, pppp Kp npFppnpKppGpj KppFp.

\GpGp Kp VpsKp ps bp KVpbpp VM nppp

W n p ppN CVIppa. W n p pppN pGp KpN
npppaGbpaFpM. W tVpnpGp pb vKp GpIVGp pKpspGpj FppGp.
nppaMKp pp\bpp ppFp pGpnpsGp Gp npKppGpj
KppGp nNp pp\Vbpp npFppnpKppGpj KFpC ppKp.
pps lvKpN npVpV WM. pp\Kp nppabppKp
bp ?
KV VppM vp\s pnps &
pK bp#C \VKp Vppsps pppsp &&52&
lKp GpjFpp (np KppGp) VpFpnpKp pFp pKp
v p\MbppKV, Vpppp Vpp GpjMSKV
pbpFpvpKp, pbpSFpvpKp, KpGpIFpvpKp. pGppIFpvpKp, npKpI
npnbpSFpvpKp WMpbpp VGp sVp p@KpFpLSKV
KpFp MbppKV bp Gpb pM VbpsKpKp VSvFppKp.
CFpp npFp FbpspGpj Kp, K\f pFp KpGpj
lFppbSp. pFbp VGp pM, VbpsKpKpGpj
pbpKppGFp. pFpp KpFpV Vbps vbbV
ppanp npp VFppGp
p InpnpGj V K ps p{ &
ppKGppp v paK VbpspnpsC &&53&
GG vb VKppsbppGpj VS VS IppFpp Gpj v
npFppp pFpnpKp CFp GMCKbp ppp VbpsvKp bp Gpb
KFpKp. npnp@\ ppCGpj Kbp "Gp npFppnpKp'
lv CbppKp. WKV VbpKp npF n . WV
nnpaFppKp nnpabppKp. VKpKp cp@ pp KFpKp.
KpF cpnpGp VppKp. ""p Inp npGj'' p pbpp GVGVp
CKpbppGpj VppKpKp v pbppKp. CKpbppGjVGV
VKpnp VSKpKK. KpF VpM VbpsKpKpKV KpN GpFp
KpFpV LSpFp.

Ks - 2

51

pKp v ppKp Gbbp VGp VbpKp

npFn pp npKppGpj np. V \GpGp pp pnpFpnpFp
vbZ pppMpGpj VKpKp IpV K. pp Gbp
GpnpKp npKppp pGppFp VKFp? pGp npcjppGp.
\Gp Lp
Cp npps n pppps Vpp &
CpV npnVp pCVp pJVp pf &&54&&
""ppVV opa CGf p kp pp'' pKpFp opaN
ppKGppGpj ppbppK pp pV pp. GKp
ppKp pGp ppppGpj npKppApGV pGpGpj "pp'
lGpjpFp. \GpGp VppGp Vpp, pp Gbp CFp
vpA pGppGp Mp@bpVGp ? CpnpGKp npFpnpGp Vb
pppGp? Vb pFppGp Vb GppGp ? EVb \GpGp
GMN npjbppGpj pppGp. WKpN bpGf tVpnpGp Cp npGp
Mp@bppGpj pw\ppa VppGp.
tV pbpGpp
np K pGf p\Gp nKp\ pGVbpGf &
pGsVpG pnp Cp nppaKV ps &&55&&
nKp\GV pGpnpsGp pGpj pGpKpFpp pGbppGjM FKbp
pKpV pGp pp n pG CFp vpApGCpApGp
pGbpMpGpj FKbp pp pGp bpp\GpbppKp. Wpp
Fp, ppnpa pnpFpnpGV Cpnp.
KpVnpGpbpjpG pVnp Ibpp pxp &
IVpFbp p VKp CpVp\Fpps && 56&&
KEp, KIp bp Xp Kpbpp kSpIMKp pGpG,
pKFpKbp KppN pAK, Fbp, p, VKpbppGjM pKp
p pGpGp pa pFpppGpj VKpp Cp
npGCpApGp. pGp GsGps Mp@bppGpj pw\ppGp
pp\GpjVp pps nnps ppppf &
GGKp GpKV pps npJ np && 57&&
p npFpnpGp lM jVpFpEp, ppV ppV
pKV KFpKpFp KpKp pKpp WM VKpp WM pKVnpp
WMKp WFppGV pGp v GbTKKp S. npFppp
pFpnpKp pb nVFVppKp pp npp pb spKp

52

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

pp. KpF Cp np npFpnpGp GppM npCbpSKp pKpbpApKp

WM nppM npCbpSKp VKp bpApKp WM. kKpF nnpabpp
ppa pp GpjKpKVGpM nppGbpppp IFpp pGpFppM.
K\f bp pb KpGpbpSKp ppN p npVGpp WM. Wpp
psa Cp npGCpApGp.
K ppFpV p\V#bVp pp\p &
WwK\Vpspaps npJ np && 58&
Vb pGpj bbppGjM YpN VC pApKV KVV
npFpnpGp lMKbpSKpM pGpj bpbppGpj pKpT pApGp. bp
pGp v CFpbppKp. pGpb nppa lKpFbpaKKp pp
pGpj p MbppGpj YpN KppApKp. KV V p
npFpnpGp Inpbpp Ippp WbppGpj lbpSKpM EKpN
Kpp pGpj pKp KVpKp pKp ppGV npFpnpGp v
pNMKp CFpFppKKp S. KpF WKKpFV YKp Kpnp pp.
npaGp pSp KpFp Kp b lCKpG Kp npGp pGpj p
MbppGpj FpN opApKp. KV V CpnpGKppGp
Inpbpp FpIp pbppGV ? lv vbZ pK VppGp.
Inp Ipp\V FFpps KVEGp &
Fppp\ FpV#npsps npFp Kpn pp\V && 59&&
Wbpp pMp InpbppGpj bpEpp npFpnpGp InpbpMp
ppabppp. kKpF pGp bpEppKV WM, KpF pGp FbpVGp
ppabpKp.pa WKpFppKp. lM WbppGpj InpbpSKp
EK p nNp pI\KppGp Fbpp ""npFp Kpn'' npFppppGKp
npFppp NFppGpj npKp pa Kppp.

pnpFpnpGKppGp pGpj WbppGpj Inpbpp pFpT

pApM. Y WbpMp pZKpF pNFpV SKp
VbppKp. p pa Fp vFpKp. nNp pp\VbpKp pFpKp
npFppGpppKb npFpnpGp FbpV ppabppKp. n opGp
pbp\Kp pOpGpj pppFp. pOKp WbppGpj pKp pFp
InpbpSKp ppaFbppFp. KpF pGpKp pbpp opGp, Fbp
LSFppKp. pa ""npFp Kpn'' npFpppGp NFppGpj
Kp VVV ppabppKp. WKpN KpM bpKp.
nps I_VpFp pvKp pp uOGGpj VpaKpFp.
pGGpj Fp pGpj pb pFp pVFp wpa.
Gp VSKp I_V, pb pwKpKV ? Gppbvbp

Ks - 2

53

bMpM, WKpN I_V VSKpFp ""V ! p Vp V

pV FpEV.'' KpF pKVp GpGpbp Lpa. bp GpGpb
Gppppp'' GGp kp GpbpSKp lpK KpFp. GMN
GpbppM v Kp VnpKpn WK. Vbp p JGp
IFpM KpF pFp GpbpSKp Lpap pOKp KpFp. KpKpF
VFpVVFp. Vbpbpp GpGpj JbppKpp. EGp
GpKpV GGp nFbpVpa pa. bpVpa KpF lFpp bpp
LSKp TKpp YKp CV paKp bJ. pp\GpKp
WHbpSKpp KpF Fpb pp Gpp pVFppGpj KpqpCTKp.
pGpC~Gp pGbpp LSKp TKpKp pa GppGpj npVp.
pKp Mp GpbppV pbpppGp lM ObppGpj VC VbpG GpGpjGpj
pbppTKp. Kp pTKp.
WKV ppGpj tVpnpGp pp VppGp Wbpp ppFp
InpbppGpj bpEpKp npFpnpGp Inpbpp pa Kppp. KpF KpG
ppFp npFpp npFpnpGKp npFpppGp NFppGpj npKp V pGp
Inpbpp FbpKpM ppaGbppGp. KpKp NFpbpp pFb
"pp\p KpM.
LFf. pp npKpp pG FpEV & nppnpKp V pp V vEV &
(FppppGpp 5/48/6)
WbppGpj InpbpSKp EKpN Kp pApKp pv pnp.
WKpFp V pp VFppGp.
pV ps XV npFpnpps Inpc{p &
Ww nppV pFp nppp pGp && 60&&
XV, nppjcVMKp VKIV npFpnpGp nppKpGp cVM
Wbpp pGp pGppGpj vMppKp nppppp. pGpGpj Ipp
GpGj pppp. KpKp
p\w pps pa CVp ppxFp &
pV E sw pps npJ np && 61 &&
pnp@\ WbppGpj pIC, Vbppa, ppnp\@
vKp GpGpjGjppVp. kKpF pGp Wbpp
pcVppFppV pGp v pp CFpFppKp. W
VbVpFpGKp tV pnpGp KpGbpp nVKpp ppbpb KpFp
IKVpp pbpp pb Ypa ppGp. VpM pp nVKpbpSKp
Wbpp pcVppbpFpp. ppnp\@ pKp ""Wnp'' GpGpj
oppKp \. Wnp opGpp pKbp Inp opGpbpp
Lbppp. KpFpO npppGpj cVpnpGp ppbppV V@.

54

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

KsV InpGf npp pbpaVnnpJV &

pbp~JV p pVKV#JV && 62 &&
Inpbpp vbZ opp pp npFpnpb Inpbpp pa ppa
ppa paKp , Kp VKpp ppApp.
kKpF pGbpSb pbppKp pp. EVb pGpj b Te
vFppaV CO. COKp ?
KKpp pVp pVp~ Ipp &
p pKpGV vGp@ps && 63 &&
CKp IVnpKKp pXqps K\f IVpp, IVpKp
pIFpp Lbppp. IVpKp sps ppaIGp IFp
psGps KpKp pFp@ pa KppbppKp. (\Gpb
LpaMV ? ""ppVp p V pGp'') V ppnpG
pGp ""GpnV Vp pM\'' lGpjpGp. KpF kGp pppKp,
kGpGpj ppKp. YKp SMKp. p IppbpApKpKp
Vbp Kp GO v bppKp. vV Kp V pGpnpsb
pGpj YSp pGp vbZ Vb G babpVp ?
tVpnpGp W Inpbpp vbZ opG ppFpKKp Ya VppGp.
KppGKppGp. Gp, Fpnp, V EVb pKKpFKp pGpj pGppGpj
GFpVp. pG pGp pTMKpF pGpp~ Inpbpp pb p
pbppKp. InpbppGpj oppa pa ppapKp. pa p
lpapaV KppGp pp\GpKp pGbpp b kppKp. pGbpp
nFb TeKpG CO pVppKp. CO IVpN pM
IVpKp pGp pGpKp pp\Gp. nNp pp\ VbppGpj
vVbpKp VppFp kKpF v pOKpV WKpFpvbZ IFp
ppVp. VbKpF bpp (pG) ppFpKp. npMvKp WMV
WM. pGbpp pKVKp vVbpp KpV. ""KpGp p
IFp EVGp pGp pKp V GpE V'' (IGp np npKpps ||/
) IFpp bppsKpKp. IFp EVGpGKppGp pGpj V~KpGKp
pb VppGp. KpGp ppp pTKp VbppKp. np\ GpVGbppM.
VbpKp GppFp KpG npGp KpV obpFppa VbppKp.
WKp InpVGp KppGp bp. p pFp@pGpj pGpj VGpKpO
ppGp p bpGpj VFppGp ? tVpnpGp VppGp
Fbp KVnp Ipa Inp pFpGf &
ppsI\KV npKp pbppH && 64 &&
pKp IIKGpbppGpj nppsp ppp pnpFpnpGKpFV

Ks - 2

55

FbpKVnp FpEpG VGp opaGp, WbppGpj pGpj ETpKpO

ppGp ""I n pGf pFpGf' I n pbpp IppaKpFp
npKppbppH' p pFp@Kp Gp\MspGpj nppGp. pGp pGpj pKp
FppGp. pnpFpnpGKppb IIKGpbpvM pb FpbM
ppvKV WFpKp, pGp pKpKpM pxCp FpbpVM
KVV pb pT ppppp p pp (Ep) p WFppM.
npKV pp\KpG FpsVnpJV &
nppGpj Vpsp v np\pnpV && 65 &&
pbpppGp np@\ npKp "pbppa' lvKp Kppb MppaV
pGp pnp@\ Kpbpp WMbppp ""KpM pppf''
pFpvKV pFpKp. pp nppGpj opaGKppGp v
pCFpbppKp. KpF VbppaGpMKppGp C vbZ pp MpGp
GCa vFppaps Gp paps pG &
Gp pp Fppps ppp~&& && 66 &&
VbpKpGMKp npFpnpGp ppFp@Kp nNppaKp
vbpKp. pp paGp p pFp@Kp pG LbpKp
pGV ppa? ? VbpGpj pppKpKp
YKGKp pp vKbpV pvKp p\@bppKp. ""JGV
Gp Gp V Gp npFpV'' pGMK KFKp FpEp
psab p KpF pp, pGpGpKpKp KFFpKp.
W E pFp GpGV#GpIKVV &
pKpps pFp npJ G\p IpC && 67 &&
VGp GGpj FpbS Vb Gp Vbp VFpp
ppNp KpFpKFpspKV KVV Inpbpp Ippp
Wbpp. p WKb pGpIFppKV YKV YKp
Wp pa npFpnpGp vGpj nppppKp. KpKp VbpKp
pFp \. pp pFpGjV Ya Ya tpnpGp VppGp.
pKpsps pV bpEV pp\p &
WwK\pspaps npJnp && 68 &&
KpKp V pp ! p npFpnpb Wbpp Kp\Kp
pp\KppFppKV KppGp v CFpFppKp. "p'
lvKp \VpKp npVp pbpppGp "pp' lCpApGp.
pGp M bpV WMK lM MppppGp. pGp pGp
npVp KppGV Kp pbpp pb pKp J}O
GppbppGV pGp pp pp lCpApGp tVpnp \Gp
WvFpGpj pp lKp pFK.

56

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

pp\ pG ps Jbp\ pIV &

s Jbp p nppsV pGV && RU&&
pnp@\ ppnwbpSb npFpppGp FKp. kKpF
VFppM. IFp ppM VKpF Kp MpN FpKp. KpKp
FFppGp. F pIKp npFpnpGp Gj GVpvMGp
GpvMGp. lp{pa WFpvMGp. kKpF pb ETpIK. V
ppKp pMp p\c pnpppaV Kp V Kppb
F Kp.
"Fp Ip Fp GpFV & pp vpGp _I Gp vp V &&
(F.2/323/8 )
p V npFppKp\ npKpKp FppFpp JbpFppGKp
p Xp pMbpSKp pp\K pxpGFppGV pGV
"Wnp' Kp npVp nppGp. pFppKp pFpKpV KpFp
pFpKp nppp pGp V LbpKp. pnpFpnpGp WFpp
VFppKp lv op@ WK GVT
np\p@ppMnpnp ppKppnp
npI p Kpf &
pKpNp npIp p\ p
pnjV Gp p IV && 70 &&
lKpM npnp@\Kp pM npn (WKp WFppKp)
pA ppKpKp Gpbpp MFc ppKppGpj ppMbSpK
vpVbpKp KpFp VpApa VbppV KVV npFpppGp
CpGKp Cpnp npFpnpGp pnp@\ VbpIFpp pbp p p
VbbpSMKp V Vbppp. Kp VGpj IppbSpFpKp.
ppFp VbpKp nppEpp IFFp Gpbpp MFc aKp
bppGjM o{p, Gpb GVp VpbppGpj Vppa, GpbpFpbppGpj
ppppa, Fp pppavpp VbpKp ppKppGpj VFppp.
WKVV CpnpGKppGp VM Vbp Ipbpp lFp Vppp. KpF
p pGp VVbppp. p pnpFpnpGp p YA
npppGpj LO ppKp. O npppGpj LOppKp.
V pp\bpp pp (SKpMKp) p pnpp (pnpxMKpKp
Fppp. kKpF p opaKp V npppbppKV Kp
FVKpN vpbFppKp KpFp IVVpFp@ FppKp. KpFb
pbpp nnpaKp. WGpj pNFpbpvKp LbppKKpFp
Vb ? YKV VpKp cVpnpGp \GpGp pMFp npjbpSb
ppKGppGpj VSFppGp. Cp npGp Mp@bpVGp lvKp \GpGp
_Jpa. pGp Vb pppGp Vb pFppGp Vb

Ks - 2

57

pMbppGp? tVpnpGp YKV pvKp lKpF pGp ppKpKpFppGp

pb p I nVKpbpSM pGp EVbV pFpVp EVbV pMbpVp.
lv I pbpSM. KppFp pIbpKpKpKp npFppGpj
npFppKp. VbpMpApGp Gpj npFpGp. WKpN pa
pa Ypa ppa VppGp
I pGps : p~\Gf nppp{Fp pxp &
p\V FppFp p pbppH && 71 &&
pGp lM bppGpj FKp "p\p' GGp, GpGpjKp
lv pFp pp FpbpSKp FpEp p\ppGV pGp npFpp
Gpj KppGp. KpGpj npKp GppFp paVGpGpj npM
LSFppM.
kn EV C nKp\ GG nnps Ipps &
C spGpa V# vp \@ ppH && 72 &&
pppa ppbpSbp npFpppGp F. kKpF pwb
@pM. IFppN lOpFpKp. KpKp F. F
pIKp pnpFpnpGp ppKpKp lM Gpbpp V Vbpp
Inpbpp V pp Vbppp. pGV np@\ pI pGV
nppsp npFpppGpGpj pKpc\CKppGp. VpM "p vC' lKp
VSKpKpKp Kp pObpKpKpKp C KFFpKp KpG
pTKbp pp EVC LbppKp. Wpp pnpFpnpGp
vpnpKp pVFpKp pMKpM vGpKppGpj nppGp.

npNn\ :
Mp p np VppFp. "lFppGV KsKp V
np@\p. KpF pp\Kp pFp VSKp ppN pp\p
np\Kp SKpF V pKpV p. KsKp
VbVpFpGKp cVpnpGp WKpGjV VSFppGp ""\Gp ! nNppp\
VbpKpvbZ Vp Vp. WKpGpj SKp VGp pFp npKp pbp
Kp. pp\ pppKpFp Gpb FppO. npMKp pp lbp
WM. pp\ pppKpFp pp pKbp Vp. FppFpp
pppKp ppxFpFp. WKpFp npp pFpnp VGp "npFp Kpn'
npFpp npFpnpGpGpj pKpc\C CpnpGbp. npFGpj np.
KpF pp\VGvKpGpj pp VpMM.
sVbpvKp KspM. pFp pFpFp
OKpM. VFpFp Kp. pFp pp vb GpFp
bpEppFKpF KpFp pnxVM. KpsKp cVpnpGp pp\Kp bp,

58

cV pKpbppZV : KKp\ V

KpGpj ppbp WO pAVKp lp{ Cp npGp Mp@bpp

WpbppGjM IpC \GpGp pGpC~Gp pp\Kp vbZ pppM pbpp
pTFppGp. Mp npjbppGpj VT pGpGpj lp{CFppGp. pp pp,
pGpGp, KpGpj SKp ppKpc\bp. WKpFpnab lFpp KpGpbpp
"JGpVbp ppa nNp pp\Vbp'.
pGpj paGpj Kp\pTp pbppGpj pp @\C
pp\pbp\Kp npppabppKp JGpVbp bp "Wnp'pGpj Gp
ppnp\@pKp KVpbp\Kp pp\pppKp nNppp\pbp\
Kp papbp\, bVI ppCVKpFp WFppGpj V oCFppFp.
VFV nXqp pGp pp JV &
Mp pp ppKp p &
GpE VFp vM vM EV &
Kpp pp pVKp np EV&&
(FppppGpp /r/>/U)

GpGpjGpj p_pppVp\pFp ^p\ J pav pa p\. nNp

pp\V Kp pap\KppGp pFpbppG GpGpj ppGpj
nppa GppGp. JGpV pGpj paGpj pOp
pGpj pbppGpj IVoC pGpj pFpp GppGp. p\bp
ppvGV JGpp\bp, pap\bp pGpj K pe
vFpp pVKbppGpj ppbpVn bpEC pbppGpj bM
VbppKp. pGbpp KGpj p\Fp ps_pVp lFpp
pbp\bpp ppp pp\p YKV "" pp\Kp npp VGp
npFppGpj Kp'' \GpGp pGpKpM pp\Kp vbZ _J.
pFpGV KsKp FppKpV pGp pp\Kp Inp npjGpj
pppGp. KpKp
^ pp~ cVpKpbppZVpnp n pp~ vpIKs
Vbp tV p n \Gp pKV "pp\ _J' Gp
V#Ks && 2&&
tV pKpbppZVFpKp Lnpnppa bp vpIKs Vbp
p InppKp cV pn\Gp pKpKp "pp\ _J' lv lFppGV
Ks pKpKp.
W cVppxFpppp npFppGpKpps cnps IV pbpGpKp pV
tVpKpZpbppZV KKp\ V nsV "pp\ _J' Gp
V#Ks
&&p ^ pp~f&&