CHAPTER 2

CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE

2.1 WHAT IS CELL?
Identify cell as the basic unit of living things Use a microscope Identify drawing and labeling general structure of cell Comparing between animal cells and plant cells Explain the function of each cell structure

WHAT IS CELL?
A cell is the basic unit of all living things The cell structures can be observed by using a microscope Plant cells and animal cells differ in their shapes and functions
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Cell wall Cytoplasm

Animal cell
Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm Nucleus Vacuole Chloroplast

Nucleus

Similarities & Differences

Plant cell Similarities
Both have :

Animal Cell

Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus

Plant cell
Has cell wall Definite shape Usually large vacuole Has Chloroplast

Differences
Cell wall Shape Vacuole Chloroplast

Animal Cell
None Indefinite shape Usually has no vacuole None

Functions of Cell structures :

CELL STRUCTURES FUNCTIONS

Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell Wall Vacuole

Controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell

Allows chemical reactions to take place Controls all cellular activities. It contains genetic information Maintains the shape of the cell Contains cell sap. Cell sap is a liquid with dissolved substances such as sugar and salt

CHAPTER 2

CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE

2.2 UNICELLULAR & MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
State the meaning of unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms Provide examples of multicellular and unicellular organisms

WHAT IS.?
An unicellular organism consist of only one cell each. The only one cell does all the body functions to keep them alive. Examples of unicellular organisms are : Amoeba, Paramecium, euglena and zooplankton.

Paramecium

Amoeba

Euglena

WHAT IS.?
A multicellular organism consist of many cells. Examples of multicellular organisms are : Butterfly, ant, hydra and spirogyra

A multicellular organism consist of many cells. Examples of multicellular organisms are : Butterfly, ant, hydra and spirogyra

Mucor

Spyrogira

CHAPTER 2

CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE

2.3 Cell Organaisation In The Body

Name different types of human cells State the function of different types of human cells Arrange sequentially cell organization from simple to complex

WHAT IS.?
Human being is a multicellular organism. There are many different types of cells in our human body. Different cells perform different functions. Some of the examples are given below. Shape of cell Type of cell Red Blood cell Function Transport oxygen throughout the body

Muscle cell

To allow movements of the body

Shape of cell

Type of cell White Blood cell

Function Kill germs that invade body

Sperm

Fertilizes the ovum in sexual reproduction

Nerve cell (neuron)

Conveys messages throughout the body

Organisation of human cells

Cell

A group of similar cells that perform the same function

Tissue

A group of different tissues that carry out a certain function

Organs

Systems

Several different organs connected to one another and perform a particular function form a system

Organism

Human Body Systems

Function Associated Organs Breaks down food materials for absorption by the body Mouth, oesophagus, stomach and small intestines

Function

Secretes hormone to maintain activities of body

Associated Organs

Pituitary glands, Thyroid glands, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes
Endocrine System

Digestive system

Human Body Systems

Function Associated Organs Coordinates activities of the body Brain, spinal cord and nerve fibres

Function

Provides support to the body,maintains the shape of the body, protects internal organs and allow body movements

Associated Organs
Nervous System

Bones and cartilages

Skeletal System

Human Body Systems

Function Associated Organs Transports nutrients, oxygen and excretory products Heart, veins and arteries

Function Associated Organs Blood circulatory system

Moves parts of the body Muscles and tendons

Muscular System

Human Body Systems

Function Takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. Oxidizes food to produce energy Nose, trachea, lungs, diaphragm

Associated Organs

Function Associated Organs Respiratory system

Removes excretory products from the body Lungs, skin, kidneys and urinary bladder Excretory System

Human Body Systems

Reproductive system Function Give birth to babies

Associated Organs

Man : Testes and penis Woman : Ovaries, uterus, vagina

CHAPTER 2

CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE

2.4 The Human Being a complex Organism

Explain why human beings are complex organisms

WHAT IS.?

Human beings are considered complex organism. Human cells are organized into tissues, organs and systems. Human cells are specialized. They perform certain specific functions only.

With the proper organization of cells, life processes can be carried out affectively.

SMK Perempuan Likas Sabah