Antenna and Wave Propagation Lab Project Proposal Helical Antenna

Submitted To:
Sir Waqas

BEE 6C

Group Members:
Haris Amir Muhammad Khubaib Omair Akhtar Fawad Ahmad 100335 100155 100179 100365

Project Proposal
Here is the project proposal of the semester project that you have asked us to prepare. The proposal provides all the required information of our semester project that is Helical Antenna, for the completion of Antenna and Wave Propagation course 6th semester. This proposal provides you with the basic information about our project. A helix is a fundamental form of antenna with many radiation modes. A recently reported mode, called an axial or beam mode, occurs for a relatively wide range of helix dimensions, in the region of 0.2 to 0.5 wavelengths diameter and as high as 0.5 wavelengths spacing between turns. The radiation is maximum in the direction of the helix axis and is nearly circularly polarized. This mode may persist with a given helix over a considerable frequency range. In this range the phase velocity of wave propagation along the helical conductor is reduced. An approximate expression for the field pattern of a single turn helix is developed. The pattern of a helix of a number of turns is then calculated as an array of such turns. Measured and calculated patterns show good agreement.

Helical Antenna
We will be making a helical antenna for which first calculations are needed which is detailed at the end section. We will be using software HFSS for the design and modeling of the Antenna. Here are some pictures of helical antenna which we will be making.

Radiation Patern:

Salient Features:
1) Helical antennas are mounted over a ground plane.

2) Helical antennas can operate in one of two principal modes: normal mode or axial mode. 3) These can be easily constructed. 4) These antennas are circularly polarized. 5) These have real input impedance. 6) The radiation pattern will be maximum in the +z direction.

Method to Increase Gain:

To increase gain we have to simply increase number of turn of winding of helical antenna.In this we get more gain in terms of dBi.

Antenna Calculations
Various parameters for designing of antenna Lambda (wavelength) f (frequency) (MHz) N (Number of Turns ) S (Spacing between coils) G (Antenna Gain) Z (Characteristic Impedance) D (Diameter) S (Spacing between coils) L (Length of wire) HPBW (Half Power BW) BWFN (BW first nulls) = 0.0300m = 10000 MHz = 10 =0.25 (wavelengths) = 14.8 (dBi) =150 (Ohms) =0.955 (cm) =0.750 (cm) =252 (cm) =32.9 (degrees) =72.7(degrees)

Ae (Effective Aperture)

=0.00215 m2

Equations for finding antenna parameters We have used following equations for finding the various parameters which are required in designing antenna. These equations are as followed. Equations: G= 10.8 + 10*log10 ( (C/lambda)2*N*(S/lambda) ) Z= 150/sqrt(C/lambda) Ohm D= lambda /PI S= C/4 HPBW= 52/( (C/lambda)*sqrt(N*(S/lambda)) ), Half power beam width. BWFN= 115/( (C/lambda)*sqrt(N*(S/lambda)) ), Beam width first nulls. Ae= D*lambda2/(4*PI) Where C is circumference, which is normally chose to be close to one wavelength.