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Chapter 5
1 a
two examples of giant ionic structure, e.g.
sodium chloride, magnesium oxide
[2]
[1 mark each]
two examples of a simple molecular
structure, e.g. carbon dioxide, bromine [2]
[1 mark each]
b Ionic structure is brittle because force
applied along layers displaces the ions; [1]
ions of like charge come near each other; [1]
repulsion between like charged ions disrupts
bonding.[1]
Metals are malleable because force applied
along layers causes layers of atoms/ions to
slide;[1]
there are still / there are new forces of
attraction[1]
between the ions and the delocalised
electrons.[1]
c Giant molecular structures have strong
covalent bonds;
[1]
throughout / network of bonds;
[1]
takes a lot of energy to break these (strong)
bonds.[1]
Simple molecular structures have weak
forces / bonds
[1]
between molecules / intermolecular forces;
[1]
requires only a small amount of energy to
overcomes these forces.
[1]
d In graphite, each carbon atoms bonded to
three others;
[1]
fourth outer electron on each carbon atom is
free / delocalised;
[1]
moving electrons are a flow of current / can
carry current.
[1]
In diamond all electrons involved in covalent
bond formation;
[1]
no moving electrons to carry current.
[1]
Total = 21
2 a
Carbon dioxide has a simple molecular
structure;[1]
intermolecular forces
[1]
are weak.
[1]
= 70.06
= 70 (to 2 significant figures)
[1]
Total = 18
5 a i giant ionic
[1]
ii
poor
[1]
iii
poor
[1]
iv
simple molecular
[1]
v
giant covalent / giant molecular
[1]
vi
good
[1]
vii
poor[1]
b A is ionic so has high melting point because
of strong electrostatic attractions;
[1]
between oppositely charged
[1]
ions.[1]
Solid has low electrical conductivity;
[1]
ions cant move from place to place;
[1]
in liquid the ions are able to move.
[1]
c B is simple molecular so has low melting
point because of weak van der Waals forces
[1]
between molecules;
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
so difficult to break;
[1]
high tensile strength / high strength to
weight ratio.
[1]
ii
Layers of carbon atoms held together by
weak van der Waals forces;
[1]
forces easily broken;
[1]
layers can slide over each other;
[1]
layers can be removed onto paper.
[1]
c All bonds / network of bonds;
[1]
are strong covalent bonds;
[1]
bonds are hard to break so diamond hard; [1]
poor conductor of heat;
[1]
so doesnt melt at high temperatures
produced on drilling.
[1]
Total = 14
8 a
Regular arrangement of sodium and
chlorideions[1]
in three dimensions;
[1]
sodium and chloride ions alternate.
[1]
b i Is ionic so has high melting point because
of strong electrostatic attractions
[1]
between oppositely charged
[1]
ions.[1]
ii
Solid has low electrical conductivity; [1]
ions cant move from place to place;
[1]
in liquid the ions are able to move.
[1]
iii
Strong electrostatic attractions
betweenions;[1]
hard to break these electrostatic
attractions by scratching surface;
[1]
brittle because force applied along layers
displaces the ions;
[1]
ions of like charge come near each other;
[1]
repulsion between like charged ions
disrupts bonding.
[1]
Total = 14
9 a
buckminsterfullerene[1]
b Buckminsterfullerene has molecular
structure;[1]
weak / van der Waals forces between the
molecules;[1]
at 800C temperature is high enough to
overcome intermolecular forces.
[1]
Diamond has giant covalent structure;
[1]
all bonds are strong / strong bonding in three
dimensions/ lots of bonds joined together;[1]
Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry Cambridge University Press 2014