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Ch05HW
Due:9:30amonMonday,February29,2016
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy

TacticsBox5.2IdentifyingForces
LearningGoal:
TopracticeTacticsBox5.2IdentifyingForces.
Thefirstbasicstepinsolvingforceandmotionproblemsgenerallyinvolvesidentifyingalloftheforcesactingonanobject.Thistacticsboxprovidesa
stepbystepmethodforidentifyingeachforceinaproblem.

TACTICSBOX5.2Identifyingforces

1.Identifytheobjectofinterest.Thisistheobjectwhosemotionyouwishtostudy.
2.Drawapictureofthesituation.Showtheobjectofinterestandallotherobjectssuchasropes,springs,orsurfacesthattouchit.
3.Drawaclosedcurvearoundtheobject.Onlytheobjectofinterestisinsidethecurveeverythingelseisoutside.
4.Locateeverypointontheboundaryofthiscurvewhereotherobjectstouchtheobjectofinterest.Thesearethepointswherecontactforces
areexertedontheobject.
5.Nameandlabeleachcontactforceactingontheobject.Thereisatleastoneforceateachpointofcontacttheremaybemorethanone.
Whennecessary,usesubscriptstodistinguishforcesofthesametype.
6.Nameandlabeleachlongrangeforceactingontheobject.Fornow,theonlylongrangeforceisthegravitationalforce.
Applythesestepstothefollowingproblem:Acrateispulleduparoughinclinedwoodboardbyatowrope.Identifytheforcesonthecrate.

PartA
Whichofthefollowingobjectsareofinterest?
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:
woodboard
earth
crate
rope

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Correct
Nowthatyouhaveidentifiedtheobjectofinterest,drawasketchofthesituationanddrawaclosedcurvearoundtheobject,asshowninthe
figurebelow.

PartB
Identifythecontactforcesexertedonthecrate.
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:
drag
springforce
thrust
normalforce
tension
kineticfriction
staticfriction
gravitationalforce

Correct

PartC
Identifythelongrangeforcesactingonthecrate.
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:
tension
staticfriction
kineticfriction
normalforce
springforce
thrust
drag
gravitationalforce

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Correct
Nowthatyouhaveidentifiedalltheforcesactingonthesystem,yourfinalsketchdescribingthesituationmightlooklikethis:

AWorldClassSprinter
Worldclasssprinterscanaccelerateoutofthestartingblockswithanaccelerationthatisnearlyhorizontalandhasmagnitude15

m/s

PartA
HowmuchhorizontalforceF mustasprinterofmass55kg exertonthestartingblockstoproducethisacceleration?
Expressyouranswerinnewtonsusingtwosignificantfigures.

Hint1.Newton's2ndlawofmotion
AccordingtoNewton's2ndlawofmotion,ifanetexternalforceFnet actsonabody,thebodyaccelerates,andthenetforceisequaltothe
massmofthebodytimestheaccelerationa ofthebody:
.

F net = ma

ANSWER:
F

= 830 N

Correct

PartB
Whichbodyexertstheforcethatpropelsthesprinter,theblocksorthesprinter?

Hint1.Howtoapproachthequestion
Tostartmovingforward,sprinterspushbackwardonthestartingblockswiththeirfeet.Newton's3rdlawtellsyouthattheblocksexertaforce
onthesprinterofthesamemagnitude,butoppositeindirection.
ANSWER:
theblocks
thesprinter

Correct
Tostartmovingforward,sprinterspushbackwardonthestartingblockswiththeirfeet.Asareaction,theblockspushforwardontheirfeetwitha
forceofthesamemagnitude.Thisexternalforceacceleratesthesprinterforward.

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Problem5.14
Thefigureshowsanobject'saccelerationversusforcegraph.

PartA
Whatistheobject'smass?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
0.250kg

Correct

UnderstandingNewton'sLaws

PartA
Anobjectcannotremainatrestunlesswhichofthefollowingholds?

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Thisproblemdescribesasituationofstaticequilibrium(i.e.,abodythatremainsatrest).Hence,itisappropriatetoapplyNewton's1stlaw.

Hint2.Newton's1stlaw:abodyatrest
AccordingtoNewton's1stlaw,abodyatrestremainsatrestifthenetforceactingonitiszero.
ANSWER:
Thenetforceactingonitiszero.
Thenetforceactingonitisconstantandnonzero.
Therearenoforcesatallactingonit.
Thereisonlyoneforceactingonit.

Correct
Ifthereisanetforceactingonabody,regardlessofwhetheritisaconstantforce,thebodyaccelerates.Ifthebodyisatrestandthenetforce
actingonitiszero,thenitwillremainatrest.Thenetforcecouldbezeroeitherbecausetherearenoforcesactingonthebodyatallorbecause
severalforcesareactingonthebodybuttheyallcancelout.

PartB
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Ifablockismovingtotheleftataconstantvelocity,whatcanoneconclude?

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Thisproblemdescribesasituationofdynamicequilibrium(i.e.,abodythatmovesataconstantvelocity).Hence,itisappropriatetoapply
Newton's1stlaw.

Hint2.Newton's1stlaw:abodyinmotion
AccordingtoNewton's1stlaw,abodyinitiallyinmotioncontinuestomovewithconstantvelocityifthenetforceactingonitiszero.
ANSWER:
Thereisexactlyoneforceappliedtotheblock.
Thenetforceappliedtotheblockisdirectedtotheleft.
Thenetforceappliedtotheblockiszero.
Theremustbenoforcesatallappliedtotheblock.

Correct
Ifthereisanetforceactingonabody,regardlessofwhetherthebodyisalreadymoving,thebodyaccelerates.Ifabodyismovingwithconstant
velocity,thenitisnotacceleratingandthenetforceactingonitiszero.Thenetforcecouldbezeroeitherbecausetherearenoforcesactingon
thebodyatallorbecauseseveralforcesareactingonthebodybuttheyallcancelout.

PartC
Ablockofmass2
motion?

kg

isacteduponbytwoforces:3

(directedtotheleft)and4

(directedtotheright).Whatcanyousayabouttheblock's

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Thisproblemdescribesasituationofdynamicmotion(i.e.,abodythatisactedonbyanetforce).Hence,itisappropriatetoapplyNewton's
2ndlaw,whichallowsyoutorelatethenetforceactingonabodytotheaccelerationofthebody.

Hint2.Newton's2ndlaw
Newton's2ndlawstatesthatabodyacceleratesifanetforceactsonit.Thenetforceisproportionaltotheaccelerationofthebodyandthe
constantofproportionalityisequaltothemassofthebody.Inotherwords,
,

F = ma

whereF isthenetforceactingonthebody,andmanda arethemassandtheaccelerationofthebody,respectively.

Hint3.Relatingaccelerationtovelocity
Accelerationisdefinedasthechangeinvelocityperunittime.Keepinmindthatbothaccelerationandvelocityarevectorquantities.
ANSWER:
Itmustbemovingtotheleft.
Itmustbemovingtotheright.
Itmustbeatrest.
Itcouldbemovingtotheleft,movingtotheright,orbeinstantaneouslyatrest.

Correct
Theaccelerationofanobjecttellsyounothingaboutitsvelocitythedirectionandspeedatwhichitismoving.Inthiscase,thenetforceon(and
thereforetheaccelerationof)theblockistotheright,buttheblockcouldbemovingleft,right,orinanyotherdirection.

PartD
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Amassiveblockisbeingpulledalongahorizontalfrictionlesssurfacebyaconstanthorizontalforce.Theblockmustbe__________.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Thisproblemdescribesasituationofdynamicmotion(i.e.,abodythatisactedonbyanetforce).Hence,itisappropriatetoapplyNewton's
2ndlaw,whichallowsyoutorelatethenetforceactingonabodytotheaccelerationofthebody.

Hint2.Newton's2ndlaw
Newton's2ndlawstatesthatabodyacceleratesifanetforceactsonit.Thenetforceisproportionaltotheaccelerationofthebodyandthe
constantofproportionalityisequaltothemassofthebody.Inotherwords,
,

F = ma

whereF isthenetforceactingonthebody,andmanda arethemassandtheaccelerationofthebody,respectively.

ANSWER:
continuouslychangingdirection
movingatconstantvelocity
movingwithaconstantnonzeroacceleration
movingwithcontinuouslyincreasingacceleration

Correct
Sincethereisanetforceacting,thebodydoesnotmoveataconstantvelocity,butitacceleratesinstead.However,theforceactingonthebody
isconstant.Hence,accordingtoNewton's2ndlawofmotion,theaccelerationofthebodyisalsoconstant.

PartE
Twoforces,ofmagnitude4
__________.

and10

,areappliedtoanobject.Therelativedirectionoftheforcesisunknown.Thenetforceactingontheobject

Checkallthatapply.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Bydefinition,thenetforceisthevectorsumofallforcesactingontheobject.Tofindthemagnitudeofthenetforceyouneedtoaddthe
componentsofthetwoforcesacting.Tryaddingthetwoforcesgraphically(byconnectingtheheadofoneforcetothetailoftheother).The
directionsofthetwoforcesarearbitrary,butbytryingdifferentpossibilitiesyoushouldbeabletodeterminethemaximumandminimumnet
forcesthatcouldactontheobject.

Hint2.Findthenetforcewhenthetwoforcesactontheobjectinoppositedirections
Findthemagnitudeofthenetforceifboththeforcesactingontheobjectarehorizontalandthe10Nforceisdirectedtotheright,whilethe4N
forceisdirectedtotheleft.
Expressyouranswerinnewtons.

Hint1.Vectoraddition
Themagnitudeofthevectorsumoftwoparallelforcesisthesumofthemagnitudesoftheforces.Themagnitudeofthevectorsumof
twoantiparallelforcesistheabsolutevalueofthedifferenceinmagnitudesoftheforces.
ANSWER:
6.0 N

Hint3.Findthedirectionofthenetforcewhenthetwoforcesactinoppositedirections
Ifboththeforcesactingontheobjectarehorizontalandthe10Nforceisdirectedtotheright,whilethe4Nforceisdirectedtotheleft,thenet
forceishorizontalanddirected__________.
ANSWER:
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inthesamedirectionasthe10Nforce
intheoppositedirectiontothe10Nforce

ANSWER:
cannothaveamagnitudeequalto5

cannothaveamagnitudeequalto10 N
cannothavethesamedirectionastheforcewithmagnitude10
musthaveamagnitudegreaterthan10

Correct

VelocityfromForceDiagramRankingTask
Belowarebirdseyeviewsofsixidenticaltoycarsmovingtotherightat2m/s .Variousforcesactonthecarswithmagnitudesanddirectionsindicated
below.Allforcesactinthehorizontalplaneandareeitherparallelorat45or90degreestothecar'smotion.

PartA
Rankthesecarsonthebasisoftheirspeedashorttime(ie.beforeanycar'sspeedcanreachzero)aftertheforcesareapplied.
Rankfromlargesttosmallest.Torankitemsasequivalent,overlapthem.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
First,addeduptheforcevectorstofindthenetforceactingonthecar.Sinceyouareaskedaboutthespeedashorttimeaftertheforcesare
applied,thespeedsofallcarswillbecloseto2m/s .Foreachcar,thesmalldifferencefrom2m/s willbeduetotheaccelerationcausedby
thenetforceactingonthecar.Anetforceactingtotherightwillresultinaspeedgreaterthan2m/s ,whileanetforceactingtotheleftwill
resultinaspeedlessthan2m/s .RecallthattheaccelerationmaybefoundfromthenetforcebyusingNewton's2ndlaw,F =

ma

Hint2.Summingforcevectors
Forcesarevectorsandsuminthesamewaythatvelocityoraccelerationvectorssum.Becarefulwhenresolvingvectorsintocomponents,if
youneedto.Oncetheforcevectorsaresummedintoasingletotal,ornetforceF ,theaccelerationaofthecarofmassmcanbe
determinedbyNewtons2ndlaw:

F = ma

ANSWER:

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Correct

ForceandVelocityConceptualQuestion
Atitsnaturalrestinglength,amuscleisclosetoitsoptimallengthforproducingforce.Asthemusclecontracts,themaximumforceitcandeliver
decreases.Whenamuscleisatapproximately80%ofitsnaturallength,itcannotcontractmuchmoreandtheforceitcanproducedropsdrastically.Fora
musclestretchedbeyonditsnaturallength,thesameistrue.Atabout120%ofitsnaturallength,theforcethatamusclecanexertagaindropsdrastically.
Thismusclelengthtoforcerelationshipcanbedemonstratedbydoingachinup.Asyouhangfromthebar,yourbicepsmusclesarestretchedandcan
produceonlyarelativelysmallforce.Asyougetclosetothebar,yourbicepsmusclescontractsubstantially,andyouagainexperiencedifficulty.The
easiestpartofthechinupoccurssomewhereinbetween,whenyourmusclesareclosetotheirnaturallength.

PartA
Imaginehangingfromachinupbarandbeginningachinup.Whichofthefollowingvelocityversustimegraphsbestrepresentsthefirstpartofyour
motion(frombeingatresttobeingapproximatelyhalfwaytothebar)?Assumeyouaretryingtodothechinupasquicklyaspossible.

Hint1.Determinethevariationinmuscleforce
Basedonthedescriptionofmuscleforce,doestheforceexertedbyyourbicepsincrease,decrease,orstaythesameduringthefirsthalfofa
chinup?
ANSWER:

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Itincreases.
Itdecreases.
Itstaysthesame.

Hint2.Determinethevariationinacceleration
Basedonthevariationinmuscleforceduringthefirsthalfofachinup,doesyouraccelerationincrease,decrease,orstaythesameduringthe
firsthalfofachinup?
ANSWER:
Itincreases.
Itdecreases.
Itstaysthesame.

Hint3.Determinethevariationintheslopeofthevelocitygraph
Basedonthevariationofyouraccelerationduringthefirsthalfofachinup,doestheslopeofyourvelocitygraphincrease,decrease,orstay
thesameduringthefirsthalfofachinup?Recallthattheaccelerationataspecifictimeisequaltotheslopeofavelocityvs.timegraphat
thattime.
ANSWER:
Itincreases.
Itdecreases.
Itstaysthesame.

ANSWER:
A
B
C
D
E
F

Correct

VideoTutor:CartwithFanandSail
First,launchthevideobelow.Youwillbeaskedtouseyourknowledgeofphysicstopredicttheoutcomeofanexperiment.Then,closethevideowindow
andanswerthequestionontheright.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatanypoint.

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PartA
Whichoftheforcediagramsinthefigurecorrectlydisplaysallofthehorizontalforcesexertedonthecartbythesurroundingair?

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
First,whatdoestheaccelerationofthecartimplyaboutthenetforceactingonthecart?(Onlytwoofthechoicesarecompatiblewiththecarts
behavior.)
Next,decidewhichdirectioniscorrectfortheforcevectors.
Whenthefanpushesairtotheright,inwhichdirectiondoestheairpushthefan?(Rememberhowthecartmovedinthevideowhenonlythe
fanwasattachedtoit.)
Whenairmovingtotherightstrikesthesail,inwhichdirectiondoestheairpushthesail?
ANSWER:
A
B
C
D

Correct
Thenetforceonthecartiszero,sincetheairistheonlythingactingonthecartinthehorizontaldirection.

Problem5.18
showstwoofthethreeforcesactingonanobjectinequilibrium.

PartA
Drawthethirdforce .
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DrawthethirdforceF 3 .
Drawthevectorstartingattheblackdot.Thelocation,orientation,andlengthofthevectorwillbegraded.YoucanmovethevectorsF 1 and

F2

toconstructtherequiredvector,butbesuretoreturnthemintotheirinitialpositionsbeforesubmittingtheanswer.

ANSWER:

Correct

Problem5.26
Yourphysicstextbookisslidingtotherightacrossthetable.

PartA
Identifyallforcesactingontheobject.
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:

ThrustF thrust

Staticfrictionf

Normalforcen
Kineticfrictionf

ForceofgravityF G

Correct

PartB
Drawafreebodydiagramoftheobject.
Drawtheforcevectorswiththeirtailsatthedot.Theorientationofyourvectorswillbegraded.Theexactlengthofyourvectorswillnotbe
gradedbuttherelativelengthofonetotheotherwillbegraded.
ANSWER:

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Correct

TacticsBox5.3DrawingaFreeBodyDiagram
LearningGoal:
TopracticeTacticsBox5.3DrawingaFreeBodyDiagram.
Afreebodydiagramisadiagramthatrepresentstheobjectasaparticleandshowsalloftheforcesactingontheobject.Learninghowtodrawsucha
diagramisaveryimportantskillinsolvingphysicsproblems.Thistacticsboxexplainstheessentialstepstoconstructacorrectfreebodydiagram.

TACTICSBOX5.3Drawingafreebodydiagram

1.Identifyallforcesactingontheobject.ThisstepwasdescribedinTacticsBox5.2.
2.Drawacoordinatesystem.Usetheaxesdefinedinyourpictorialrepresentation.Ifthoseaxesaretilted,formotionalonganincline,thenthe
axesofthefreebodydiagramshouldbesimilarlytilted.
3.Representtheobjectasadotattheoriginofthecoordinateaxes.Thisistheparticlemodel.
4.Drawvectorsrepresentingeachoftheidentifiedforces.ThiswasdescribedinTacticsBox5.1.Besuretolabeleachforcevector.

5.DrawandlabelthenetforcevectorF net
.Drawthisvectorbesidethediagram,notontheparticle.Or,ifappropriate,writeF net

= 0

.Then,

checkthatF net
pointsinthesamedirectionastheaccelerationvectoraonyourmotiondiagram.

Applythesestepstothefollowingproblem:Yourphysicsbookisslidingonthecarpet.Drawafreebodydiagram.

PartA
Whichforcesareactingonthebook?
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Checkallthatapply.

Hint1.Howtoidentifyallforcesactingontheobject
ThesearethestepsoutlinedinTacticsBox5.2thatwillhelpyoutoidentifyallforcesactingontheobjectwhosemotionyouwishtostudy:
1.Identifytheobjectofinterest.Thisistheobjectwhosemotionyouwishtostudy.
2.Drawapictureofthesituation.Showtheobjectofinterestandallotherobjectssuchasropes,springs,orsurfacesthattouch
it.
3.Drawaclosedcurvearoundtheobject.Onlytheobjectofinterestisinsidethecurveeverythingelseisoutside.
4.Locateeverypointontheboundaryofthiscurvewhereotherobjectstouchtheobjectofinterest.Thesearethepointswhere
contactforcesareexertedontheobject.
5.Nameandlabeleachcontactforceactingontheobject.Thereisatleastoneforceateachpointofcontacttheremaybemore
thanone.Whennecessary,usesubscriptstodistinguishforcesofthesametype.
6.Nameandlabeleachlongrangeforceactingontheobject.Fornow,theonlylongrangeforceisthegravitationalforce.
ANSWER:
drag
springforce
tension
staticfriction
normalforce
gravity
kineticfriction

Correct
AsexplainedinTacticsBox5.2,toidentifyalltheforcesactingontheobjectithelpstosketchthesituation.So,drawaclosedcurvearoundthe
objectofinterest,andmarkandlabeleachcontactforceandlongrangeforceactingonit.Inthisproblem,yoursketchmightlooklikethis:

PartB
Drawthemostappropriatesetofcoordinateaxesforthisproblem.
Theorientationofyourvectorswillbegraded.
ANSWER:

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Correct

PartC
Inthediagrambelow,thebookisrepresentedbyablackdotattheoriginofthecoordinateaxes,inaccordwiththeparticlemodel.Usethisdiagramto
drawafreebodydiagramforthisproblemthatshowsalloftheforcesidentifiedinPartA.Makecertainallvectorshavethecorrectorientation,and
choosetheirmagnitudesconsistentwiththeexpecteddirectionofthenetforce.

Thenetforcevector,F net
,hasbeenprovidedforyouinthisitem.WhenyouarefinisheddrawingtheforcevectorsidentifiedinPartA,F net
should
pointinthecorrectdirection.

Draweachforcevectorwithitstailcenteredattheblackdot.Thelocationandorientationofyourvectorswillbegraded.

Hint1.Therelationshipbetweenthenetforceandtheacceleration

IfyouapplyNewton'ssecondlawtothisproblem,youwillfindthatthenetforceF net
shouldpointinthesamedirectionasthebook's
acceleration.

Hint2.Findthedirectionofthebook'sacceleration
Whatisthedirectionofthebook'sacceleration?Recallthatthebookismovingtotherightonasurfacewherefrictioncannotbeneglected.
ANSWER:
totheright
totheleft
upward
downward

ANSWER:

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Correct

Problem5.4
Abaseballplayerisslidingintosecondbase.

PartA
Identifytheforcesonthebaseballplayer.
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:
Kineticfrictionf
Staticfrictionf

Normalforcen

ThrustF thrust

GravityF G

Correct

Problem5.6
Tworubberbandscauseanobjecttoacceleratewithaccelerationa .

PartA
Howmanyrubberbandsareneededtocauseanobjectwithhalfthemasstoacceleratesixtimesasquickly?
ANSWER:
6

Correct
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VideoTutor:TensioninStringbetweenHangingWeights
First,launchthevideobelow.Youwillbeaskedtouseyourknowledgeofphysicstopredicttheoutcomeofanexperiment.Then,closethevideowindow
andanswerthequestionatright.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatanypoint.

PartA
Considerthevideotutorialyoujustwatched.Supposethatweduplicatethisexperimentalsetupinanelevator.Whatwillthespringscalereadifthe
elevatorismovingupwardatconstantspeed?

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Whatdoesthephrase"atconstantspeed"implyabouttheaccelerationofthesystem?
ANSWER:
Lessthan18Nbutgreaterthan0N
Morethan18N
0N
18N

Correct
Sincetheelevatorisnotaccelerating,thereadingonthescaleisthesameasinthevideo.

Problem5.32
Anetforcewithx componentFx actsona2.0kg objectasitmovesalongthex axis.AgraphofFx versust isshowninthefigure.

PartA
Drawanaccelerationgraph(a x versust )forthisobject.
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ANSWER:

Correct

Problem5.44
Arocketisbeinglaunchedstraightup.Airresistanceisnotnegligible.

PartA
Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectmotiondiagramforthesituationdescribedabove?
Entertheletterthatcorrespondswiththebestanswer.

ANSWER:
b

Correct

PartB
Drawafreebodydiagram.
Drawtheforcevectorswiththeirtailsatthedot.Theorientationofyourvectorswillbegraded.Theexactlengthofyourvectorswillnotbe
gradedbuttherelativelengthofonetotheotherwillbegraded.
ANSWER:

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Correct

Problem5.46
You'veslammedonthebrakesandyourcarisskiddingtoastopwhilegoingdowna20 hill.

PartA
Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectmotiondiagramforthesystemdescribedabove?

ANSWER:
figurea
figureb
figurec
figured

Correct

PartB
Drawafreebodydiagram.
Drawtheforcevectorswiththeirtailsatthedot.Theorientationofyourvectorswillbegraded.Theexactlengthofyourvectorswillnotbe
gradedbuttherelativelengthofonetotheotherwillbegraded.
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ANSWER:

Correct

Problem5.35
Aconstantforceisappliedtoanobject,causingtheobjecttoaccelerateat14.0m/s 2 .

PartA
Whatwilltheaccelerationbeiftheforceishalved?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
a

m
= 7.00
s2

Correct

PartB
Whatwilltheaccelerationbeiftheobject'smassishalved?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
a

= 28.0

m
s

Correct

PartC
Whatwilltheaccelerationbeiftheforceandtheobject'smassarebothhalved?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
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a

Ch05HW
m

= 14.0 s

Correct

PartD
Whatwilltheaccelerationbeiftheforceishalvedandtheobject'smassisdoubled?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
a

m
= 3.50
s2

Correct
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis96.3%.
Youreceived54.89outofapossibletotalof57points.

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