1

N+ lmk ;rx." g mudKh iy iqkd

N+ lmk oHdj hkq l=ula o@
N+ lmk oHdj hk N+lmd iy mDh ;=<ska yd ta jgd .uka .kakd N+ lmk ;rx.
ms<sn| wOHhkh f'

N+ lmk ;rx. hkq fudkjd o@

mDh ;=< we;s mdIdKj, laIKsl | je fyda iafMdagkh u.ska Wmok Yla;s ;rx. N+
lmk ;rx. f' tajd mDh ;=<ska .uka lrk Yla;sh jk w;r N+ lmk fLh u.ska igyka
flf'

N+ lmk ;rx. j.
N+ lmk ;rx. j. lsysmhla we;s w;r tajd O l%uj,g .uka lrhs' m%Odk j. fol mD
wNHka;r ;rx. (body waves) iy mDIah ;rx. (surface waves) fjhs' mD wNHka;r
;rx." mDfha wNHka;r ia:r yryd .uka .kakd w;r mDIah ;rx. mD mDIaGh
Tiafia .uka .kshs'

mD wNHka;r ;rx. (body waves )

N+ lmdljlska ksl=;a jk mD:s wNHka;r ;rx. (body waves ) mDfha wNHka;rh
;=<ska .uka lrka" mDIah ;rx.j,g (surface waves ) jvd blaukska <`.d f' fuu ;rx.
mDIah ;rx.j,g jvd (surface waves ) Wia ixLHd;hlska hqla;h'

P ;rx.
mD wNHka;r ;rx.j, m<uq j.h P ;rx. fyj;a m
%d:l ;rx. (primary waves) f' fuh N+ lmk ;rx.j,
f.j;au j.h jk w;r tys M,hla f,i N+ lmk
uOHia:dkhla fj; m<uqfjka u <`.d f' P ;rx. >k
mdIdK fyda mDfha j ia:r ;=<ska o .uka lrhs'
jks ;rx. jd;h f;rmS iy weoSj,g Ndckh lrkakdla
fuka fjd mdIdK ;=<ska .uka lrk g th f;rmS iy
wej,g Ndckh lrhs' jks ;rx. cfk,a rej f;rmS iy
wej,g Ndckh lrk g cfk,a rej, we;sjk fooeu
Tn Y%jKh lr we;' N+ lmdjla we;s jk P ;rx.
iuyrg i;=kag Y%jKh l< yels h' WodyrKhla jYfhka
N+lmdjlska we;sug fmr n,a,kaf.a Wvq re y`v
wikakg ,ef' ^ksYa; f,i olajkafka k mDIah ;rx.
<`.d ug fmr& idudkHfhka ksiqkag oefkkqfha
tu ;rx.j, .eu yd foou muKs'
K. Suresh Senanayake

B.Sc. (Hons) Physics (Sp), Grad. IP (SL)

P ;rx. tu`.ska we;s lrk f;rmS iy we ksid imSvk ;rx. f,i o yekaf' P ;rx.j,g wkql+,j
;rx.h p,kh jk Ydj Tiafia u wxY+ka p,kh jk w;r th Yla;sh .uka lrk Ydj f th iuyrg
;rx.h m%pdrKh jk Ydj f,i yekaf'
P ;rx. wkajdhdu ;rx. fYaIhla f'
S ;rx.
fofjks j.fha mD wNHka;r ;rx. (body waves )
S ;rx. fyj;a oa;Shsl ;rx. (Secondary waves) f'
fuh N+ lmdjlska Tng oefkk fofjks ;rx. hs' S ;rx. "
P
;rx.hg jvd fifuka .uka lrhs' th lsisu j
udOHhla ;=<ska .uka fkd lrk w;r .uka l< yelafla
>k mdIdK ;=<ska muKs' mDh wNHka;rfha
ndysr yrh (outer core) jhla nj ks.ukh lsug S
;rx.j, fuu .=Kh Wmld f' ;rx.h .uka lrk Ydjg
^;rx." m%pdrK Ydjg& ,nlj mdIdK wxY= by<" iy
my<g fyda me;af;ka me;a;g p,kh lrjhs' S ;rx.
;Shla ;rx." fYaIhla fjhs'

mDIah ;rx. (surface waves)

mD lfnd, ;=<ska muKla .uka lrhs' mDIah ;rx. wNHka;r ;rx.j,g jvd wvq
ixLHd;hlska hqla;h' tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka N+lmdudkfhka ,efnk igyk u`.ska myiqfjka
fjkalr ykd .; yelsh' th wNHka;r ;rx.j,g miqj <`.d jqj;a" N+lmdjlska isjk ydkshg
iy kdYhg imQKfhkau j. lsjhq;= jkafka mDIah ;rx.hs' jvd;a .eUqre N+lmdj,
fuu ydksh iy ;rx.j, Yla;sh wvq f'
mDIaGsl ;rx.j, wdldr 2ls'

(Love Waves)

K. Suresh Senanayake

B.Sc. (Hons) Physics (Sp), Grad. IP (SL)

mDIaGsl ;rx.j, .
mDIaGsl ;rx.j,

.
.

(Rayleigh Waves)
mDIaGsl ;rx.j, . ,

.

.
.

(Epicenter)
( )
.

K. Suresh Senanayake

B.Sc. (Hons) Physics (Sp), Grad. IP (SL)

- (Seismometer)
,

-
- .

-,
-
.

.
(

.)

. -
.

- (Seismogram)
- . .
1. P- S-

K. Suresh Senanayake

B.Sc. (Hons) Physics (Sp), Grad. IP (SL)

2. S- P- . (S-P
)
3. S-

.

K. Suresh Senanayake

B.Sc. (Hons) Physics (Sp), Grad. IP (SL)

g mudKh (Richter Scale)

N=lmdjl Yd,;ajh uekSug fhdod .kq ,nk jvd;au m%p,s; mudKh hs' tu mudKfhka
oelafjk w.h" N=lmdf we;s jQ m%n,u ;rx.fha ia;drfha ,>q.Klhg iudkqmd;sl f'
WodyrKhla jYfhka 7 u.ska jd;d jk N= p,kh iys; le,Uqu 6 u.ska jd;d jk le,Uqu fuka
10 .=Khla Yd, h' g mudKfha je jk tla tla tallh i|yd N=lmdjlska ksl=;a flfrk
Yla;sh 30 .=Kdldrhlska jef'

, A = S- (mm )
t = S-P (s () )
K. Suresh Senanayake

B.Sc. (Hons) Physics (Sp), Grad. IP (SL)

:
- .

S- = 23

P- S-
= 24

M = log 923) + 3log (824) 2.92

M = 5.29

-
.

K. Suresh Senanayake

B.Sc. (Hons) Physics (Sp), Grad. IP (SL)

< 3.5

, .

3.5 - 5.4

6.0

.
.

6.1 - 6.9

100 km .

7.0 - 7.9

> 8.0

iqkd (Tsunami)
iqkd hkq fjr< yd .egqkq g Yd, jHikhla iy ; ydks is l< yels Yd, ;rx. fYa%Kshls'
iqkd hk jpkh zjrdh ;rx.Z hk w:h we;s cmka jpkhlska ysjQjls' iqkd iuyrg jer
wdldrhg zjvh ndh ;rx. Z f,i ykajhs'
jvh ndh u.ska iqkd we;s fkdf' ^uqyqo u; i| u.ska we;s lrk .=re;ajc n,h ksid jvh
ndh we;sf& iq<`. u.ska idudkH ;rx. we;s f'
iqkd we;sh yelafla"
c,h hg N+lmd u.ska
.sksl msmsu u.ska
uqyq m;=f,a kdhhE u.ska
wNHdjldIfha isg c,h ;=<g weo jefgk .%dyl len,s yd W,aldmd; u.ska
iqkd fndfyduhla we;s jkafka c,h hg N+lmd u.sks' iqkdhla we;su i|yd N+lmdj
u.ska g udmlfha igyka lrk w.h 6'75 lg jvd je h hq;= h' iqkdj,ska ishhg 90 la
muK meismsla id.rfha is f'

iqkdhl ;ru

iqkdhg b;d .= ;rx. wdhduhla we;' ^100 km olajd .&

wdj;h o b;d .= f ^.eUqre c,fha mehla muK&
.eUqre uqyqfoa iqkdhl Wi h yelafla 1 m la muKs'
.eUqre uqyqfoa fndfydag iqkd oel .; yels jkafka l,d;=rlsks' f ksid .eUqre
uqyqfoa iqkdh wkdjrKh lsu b;d wmyiq f'

iqkdhl f.h
K. Suresh Senanayake

B.Sc. (Hons) Physics (Sp), Grad. IP (SL)

jD; iuqfha 970 km h-1 g jvd jeh ^mshdir fc hdkhla fuka f.j;a f& imQK id.rh
yryd .uka lsug meh lsysmhla .kshs'
idudkH uqyq r< ^iq< u.ska cks; jk& 90 km h-1 la muK f.hlska .uka lrhs'

iqkdfha Wi

iqkdhla isria j 30 m olajd by< hd yelsh'

fndfyda iqkd uqyqo 3 m lg by< kxjhs'
wjikajrg we;s jQ iqkdh iuyr ia:dkj, ;rx.h 9 m la Wig kxjd we;'

, =
a =

L =

g =

K. Suresh Senanayake

B.Sc. (Hons) Physics (Sp), Grad. IP (SL)