BI TP MN QUN L CHT THI NGUY HI

Bi 1:

Nu mt nh my c khi lng pht sinh 3 tn/ngy. m 60%, nng As =

1,5mg/L. Tng dung dch sau ngm chit = 2L. Bn thi c nguy hi khng?

Gii:
Khi lng bn (rn) c trong 3 tn bn c m 60%

3 tn x (100 -60)% = 1,2 tn/ngy

Ta c:
V 1 C1 +V NC C NC 21,5
Ctb = = =1,5<2
V 1+V NC 2

Ctb <C tc=2

Bn thi khng nguy hi

Bi 2:

Mt hn hp cht thi nguy hi c ln toluen, axeton, H2O

Thnh phn Phn trm (%) Gi tr nhit (BTU)

Toluen (C6H5CH3) 30 185252
Aceton (CH3COCH3) 65 13120
H2 O 5
Cng sut ca l t l 1000lb/h, 20% khng kh d. Tnh:

1) Tng lng nhit pht sinh t qu trnh t?

2) Phn trm th tch ca mi thnh phn trong dng kh?
3) Th tch bung th cp?

Gii:

1 lb = 0,540 g

1) Tng lng nhit pht sinh t qu trnh t:

(18252 x 0,3 +13120 x 0,65 ) x 1000 = 14 003 600 BTU/h
2) Phn trm th tch ca mi thnh phn trong dng kh?
* Acetol:
0
CH3COCH3 + 4O2 T 3 CO2 + 3H2O + Nhit (*)
58 4 x 32 3 x 44 3 x 18
650 lb/h
11,21 lbmol/h 44,84 33,63 33,63

*Toluen
0
C6H5CH3 + 9O2 T 7 CO2 + 4H2O + Nhit (**)
92 9 x 32 7 x 44 4 x 18
650 lb/h
3,26 lbmol/h 29,34 22,82 13,04

* 5% H2O ban u -> 50lb

50
=> n H O 5 banu = 18 =2,78 lbmol /h
2

* Da vo phng trnh (*) v (**) ta c:

CO2 H2O O2 d N2
(lb.mol/h)
CH3COCH3 33,63 33,63 44,84 x 0,2= 8,97 (44,84+8,97)x79/21= 202,42
C6H5CH3 22,82 13,04 29,34 x 0,2 = 5,87 (29,34+5,87)x79/21= 132,5
H2O 5% ban u 2,78
Tng kh u ra 56,45 49,45 14,84 334.92
Tng 455,66
% kh 12% 11% 3% 74%

3) Tnh th tch bung t th cp

Tng th tch kh l 455,66 lb.mol/h = 455.66 lb.mol/h x 0,54 = 246,06 mol/h

= 0,068 mol/s

Ta c: T= V/Q = 2 (s)

(gi s iu kin tiu chun)

 Q = V x T = 0,068 x 22,4 x 2 = 3,05 (L) = 3,05 x 10-3 (m3)

Bi 3:

Tnh gi tr nhit ca qu trnh t chy C6H6. Bit gi tr nhit ca

C6H6 = + 11,7 Kcal/mol,

CO2 = -94,1 Kcal/mol,

H2O = -57,8 Kcal/mol

Gii:

Phng trnh phn ng

0
C 6 H6 + 15/2O2 T 6 CO2 + 3H2O
1 mol 15/2 mol 6 mol 3 mol

Gi tr nhit ca qu trnh t chy

[6 x (94,1) x 44] + [3 x (57,8) x 18] [78 x 11,7] = 24 842,4 +3 121,2 -912,6

= -27 051 Kcal/mol

* Nu c tro

Ca(OH)2 = -239 Kcal/mol

Phng trnh phn ng

0
Ca(OH)2 T CaO + H2O
-239 Kcal/mol -115 Kcal/mol -57,8 Kcal/mol
QTro= -57,8 + (-115) (-239) = 66,2 Kcal/mol

Gi tr nhit ca l t: 27051 66,2 = 26984,8 Kcal/mol

Bi 4:

Thnh phn ha hc ca mt s cht thi nh sau:

% C H O N S A(Tro) W( m)
1. Gi lau dnh du 55 9,6 31,2 4,8 - 2,0 -
2. Cn sn 40 6 44 2,8 1,0 30 30
3. Bao b thi 60 7,2 22,8 - - 10 -
4. Giy(nhim ha cht) 43 7,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 5
Tnh phn % cc thnh phn ny phi trn trc khi cho vo l t, sao cho nhit tr
nm trong khong 4500-5000 Kcal/Kg.

Gii:

Da theo cng thc Mendeleep;

Q(Kcal/kg) = 81C + 300H 26(O S) 6( 9A+W )

Nhit tr khi t 1 Kg cht thi cc thnh phn:

QGi lau dnh du = 6415,8 Kcal/Kg

QCn sn= 2122 Kcal/Kg

QBao b thi = 5887,2 Kcal/Kg

QGiy = 5599,6 Kcal/Kg

Hn hp cht thi cn phi m bo:

+ Nhit tr : 4500 -5000 Kcal/Kg

+ m: 30%

+ Tro: 15- 20%

Gi x,y,z,t l phn trm cht thi

{
x+ y+ z +t =100
6415,8 x +2122 y+5887,2 z +5599,6 t=5000
2 x+ 30 y +10 z +0,2 t=18
30 y +5 t=20

x= y= z=t=