79

6
2 21102 1 2
5 -

1.
3.1

8.1

2.
-
-
3. /
3.1
3.1 .1/4 pH
8.1 .1/1

8.1 .1/2
8.1 .1/3

8.1 .1/5

8.1 .1/8

 80

3.2
(K)
1.
2.
(P)
1.
2.
3.
(A)
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
4.1
- pH pH

4.2
-
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
7. /
1.5 pH
 81

8.
1. (engagement)
1.1 pH -
-
- pH ( pH -
pH 1-14 pH 7 pH
7 pH 7 )
- pH (1. pH
2. 3.)
- pH ( pH
pH pH
)
-
2. (exploration)
2.1
pH -
2.1.1 (Litmus) 2

3
-
-
-

1
 82

2.1.2 (Universal indicator)

pH pH

2
2.1.3 (Phenolphthalein)
- pH 8.3-10.0

3
2.1.4 (Methyl orange)
- pH 4.2-6.2

4
2.1.5 (Bromothymol blue)
- pH 6.0-7.6

5
 83

2.1.6
- pH 6.8-8.4

6
2.2 7-8

2.3

2.4 1.5 pH
pH
3. (explanation)
3.1
- pH ( pH
- pH
- pH -
pH )
- ( )
- ( )
- ( )
-
(, , , , ,
)
- ,
()
3.2
-
-
-
 84

4. (elaboration)
,
pH 8.3
pH 8.3-10 pH 10
5. (evaluation)
5.1

5.2

5.3
1.5 pH
9. /
9.1
1. 1
2. 1.5 pH
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4 pH
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
 85

9.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- http://www.scimath.org/socialnetwork/groups/viewbulletin/2674-
?groupid=458
- http://www.titrations.info/acid-base-titration-indicators-preparation
10.

(K) - 1.5
- 80
1.5
(P)
-
(A)
-


3
 86

2 -
1.5
21102 1
pH
1 2 2559

-
1.5 pH

pH

1.
2.
3.
4. pH
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
 87

pH
-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

..
..
..
..
..
..
 88

2 -
1.5
21102 1
pH
1 2 2559

-
1.5 pH

pH

1.
2.
3.
4. pH
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
 89

pH
-

1. 10
2. 12
3. 3
4. 2-3
5. 3
6. 7
7. 7
8. 10
9. 7

1. pH - pH 0-6

2. pH pH 7

3. pH - pH 8-14

4.
-
 90

-
20



4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1

...................................................
................ /................ /................

4
3 18 20
14 17
2
10 13
1 10
 91

3 3 3 9

.................................................
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8-9
6-7
4-5
3
 92

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..
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/

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( )

......................................................
 93

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..

( )

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