Answer Key: CSER – Solutions

2 2
111. 3 is to 9 as 9 is to __________
1. 18 2. 27 3. 72 4. 81 5. 90

Solution: This is the safest and the correct way to answer.

32 92 9 (92 )
9
= 𝑥
; 𝑥 = 32
= 81
In the answer key, the correct answer is 27, which can also be correct if there are more given numbers, or if the problem is in series. I can’t verify if this is
an actual exam or if it is the official answer keys, if it is then, if you meet this problem in the exam, you should answer 27. Why 27?
32 92 9 (92 )
9
= 𝑥
; 𝑥 = 32
= 27
Again, this answer could be possible if it is in a series problem. Logically, in a ratio and proportion problem, this is wrong.

112. 30% is to 3/5 as 60% is to __________

1. 1 1/5 2. 1 ¼ 3. 3 ½ 4. 2 1/3 5. 2 ¾

Solution:
30 60 60 (3 5)
3 = ;𝑥= =2 3 5 = 6 5=1 1 5
5 𝑥 30

113. 0.25 is to 0.125 as 1.25 is to __________

1. 6.250 2. 2.125 3. 1.625 4. 1.125 5. 0.625

Solution:
0.25 1.25 1.25 (0.125) 1.25
= ;𝑥= = = 0.625
0.125 𝑥 0.25 2
You can also try observing the relationship of the first ratio. Say 0.25 to 0.125 is just 0.25 divided by 2 = 0.125, so you should divide the third number by 2, 1.25
divided by 2 = 0.625, which is just the same with the solution above.

114. 12.5 is to 1/8 as 20 is to __________

1. 1/6 2. 1/5 3. ¼ 4. 1/3 5. ½

Solution:
12.5 20 1/8 (20) 20
1 = ;𝑥= = 100 = 1/5
8 𝑥 12.5

115. 6 is to 15 as 36 is to ___________
1. 90 2. 82 3. 75 4. 72 5. 60
Solution:
6 36 36 (15)
= ;𝑥= = 6(15) = 90
15 𝑥 6
In here, you can observe the relationship between the 1st and the 3rd number, which is 36 is 6x6, applying the relationship to the 2nd number, we 15 x 6=90.

DIRECTION: Number Series

116. 9.12 18.13 16.15 13.18 9.22 __________

1. 3.25 2 . 4.27 3. 5.23 4. 6.29 5. 5.26

Solution:
9.12 18.13 16.15 13.18 9.22 _______

+9.+1 -2.+2 -3.+3 -4.+4 (____)

Study the series, how it runs, how it progresses. In here, you can notice that the whole number is reducing while the decimal is gaining. Try getting the
difference of each number. Notice that the first number is wrongly typed (clerical error), it should have been 19.12 for the series to be consistent. However,
we can just ignore the first number. From the difference comparison, we can say that the 6th number should be (9-5), (22+5) or 4.27.

117. 1 4 13 40 121 364 __________

1. 623 2. 719 3. 865 4. 997 5. 1093
Solution:
1 4 13 40 121 364 ______

3 9 27 81 243 ____
3 3x3 9x3 27x3 81x3 243x3
Taking the difference from each number in the series, you’ll notice that the difference is also a series of 3 multiples. The answer should be 364 + (243x3) =
1093.

118. 5 17 19 6 14 16 7 10 12 8 _________
1. 17 2. 15 3. 11 4. 9 5. 5

Solution:
5 17 19 6 14 16 7 10 12 8 _________

+1 -3 -3 +1 -4 -4 +1 _____
Notice that the series is quite long for a series. It means that the series may be in group. At first, I studied the series, which would bring a pattern because
the 1st, 2nd and 3rd does not make sense, then I noticed that there is 5, 6, 7 and 8 in the series, it could be the breakpoints of the group. Taking the difference
of number to the next third number, you’ll get the pattern. The number should be 10 – 5 = 5.

119. 795 2611 684 2722 573 2833 __________

1. 543 2. 484 3. 462 4. 446 5. –426

Solution:
795 2611 684 2722 573 2833 __________

-111 +111 -111 +111 -111

In here, the series is in 2 parts or alternating, you’ll know that these series are alternating because they are suspiciously longer than the regular series
problem. Once you get the pattern, then you’ll have the correct answer.

120. -6 30 -150 750 __________

1. 3750 2. 2250 3. –1500 4. –2250 5. –3750

Solution:
-6 30 -150 750 _____

-6x-5 30x-5 -150x-5 750x-5

In here, this problem is a series of multiples of -5 of the first number.

121. 1/3 3/9 5/15 7/21 9/27 __________

1. 11/35 2. 11/33 3. 9/29 4. 8/25 5. 4/13

Solution:
1/3 3/9 5/15 7/21 9/27 ______

+2/+6 +2/+6 +2/+6 +2/+6 +2/+6

This series is like 2 series grouped into a fraction. The numerator is a series and the denominator is another series. Just like in problem 116, in which the
whole numbers and the decimals are in different series. This is just to confuse the examinees who have only met this kind of problem. After knowing the
pattern, which is +2/+6, the answer should be 9+2/27+6 or 11/33.

122. 4 16 8 40 20 120 60 420 __________

1. 480 2. 360 3. 240 4. 210 5. 140

Solution:
4 16 8 40 20 120 60 420 __________

x4 ÷2 x5 ÷2 x6 ÷2 x7 ÷2
Once you get the pattern, this problem would be very easy, you don’t have to worry about the other numbers in the series, and you’ll just have to know
that the last number would only be divided by 2 to get the next number.
NUMBER ANALOGY ANSWERS
1. 0.75 is to ¾ as 0.8 is to _________
1. 2/3 2.4/5 3.5/6 4.6/7 5. 3/5

Solution 1: Comparison
If you convert 0.75 into fraction form:

𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑

𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 = = = =
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒 × 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟒𝟒 × 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟒𝟒
𝟎𝟎.𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
therefore the ratio 0.75 is to ¾ or 𝟑𝟑/𝟒𝟒
is equal to one. Since the first ratio is equal (0.75=3/4), you only need to
find the fraction form that would equal to 0.80:

𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝟖𝟖 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒 × 𝟐𝟐 𝟒𝟒
𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 = = = =
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟓𝟓 × 𝟐𝟐 𝟓𝟓

Solution 2: Ratio and Proportion Convention

0.75 is to ¾ as 0.8 is to X, (X is unknown).

𝟑𝟑
0.75:𝟒𝟒 = 0.8:X

𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖

=
𝟑𝟑/𝟒𝟒 𝐗𝐗
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Convert 0.75 and 0.8 to fraction form. (Review Fractions: 0.1 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
, 0.01 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 )

𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕/𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖/𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
=
𝟑𝟑/𝟒𝟒 𝐗𝐗

𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖
𝟑𝟑 =
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏(𝟒𝟒) 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏(𝐗𝐗)

𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 (𝟒𝟒) 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖

=
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏(𝟑𝟑) 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏(𝐗𝐗)

𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖(𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)(𝟑𝟑) 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖(𝟑𝟑) 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 (𝟒𝟒)(𝟑𝟑) 𝟒𝟒 (𝟓𝟓)

𝐗𝐗 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏(𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕)(𝟒𝟒) = (𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕)(𝟒𝟒)
= =
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐(𝟑𝟑)(𝟒𝟒) 𝟓𝟓(𝟓𝟓)

𝟒𝟒
𝐗𝐗 =
𝟓𝟓

2. 75% is to 1/2 as 45% is to ________

1. 3/11 2.3/10 3.3/4 4.2/3 5. 3/5

Solution: Ratio and Proportion Convention

75% is to ½ as 45% is to X, (X is unknown).

 𝟏𝟏
75%:𝟐𝟐 = 45%:X

𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕% 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒%
=
𝟏𝟏/𝟐𝟐 𝐗𝐗

Convert 75% and 80% to fraction form. (Review: Percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of
100 (per cent meaning "per hundred" in Latin) 75% = 75/100, 80% = 80/100 like any number with a % sign like
0.01% = .01/100 and 2000% = 2000/100

𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕/𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒/𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
=
𝟏𝟏/𝟐𝟐 𝐗𝐗

𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
=
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏(𝟏𝟏/𝟐𝟐) 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏(𝐗𝐗)

𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 (𝟐𝟐) 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

=
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏(𝟏𝟏) 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏(𝐗𝐗)

𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒(𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)(𝟏𝟏) 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝟓𝟓 (𝟗𝟗) 𝟑𝟑 (𝟑𝟑)

𝐗𝐗 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏(𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕)(𝟐𝟐) = (𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕)(𝟐𝟐)
= 𝟓𝟓(𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)(𝟐𝟐) = 𝟓𝟓(𝟑𝟑)(𝟐𝟐)

𝟑𝟑
𝐗𝐗 =
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

3. 0.25 is to 0.125 as to 1.25 is to ________

1. 0.625 2. 1.125 3. 1.625 4. 2.125 5. 6.250

Try Solving This:

Solution 1: By Comparison
Solution 2: By Ratio and Proportion Convention

4. 2 is to 50 as 3.2 is to _________
1. 60 2. 70 3.80 4.90 5. 160

Try Solving This by Ratio and Proportion Convention

5. 14 is to 28 as 5 is to _________
1. 7 2. 8 3.9 4.10 5. 15

6. 1 is to 1/4 as 5/25 is to ________

1. 1/16 2.1/18 3.2/6 4.3/4 5. 1/20

7. 0.35 is to 7 as 0.45 is to ________

1. 8 2.9 3.12 4.14 5. 0.9

8. 1/3 is to 2/18 as 1/12 is to ________

1. 2/72 2. 2/48 3.3/36 4.3/25 5. 1/72

9. 3/8 is to 12/32 as 2/5 is to ________

1. 8/20 2. 10/23 3.6/13 4.4/6 5. 5/6
10. 1/3 is to 3/7 as 1/6 is to ________
1. 3/14 2. 1/5 3.1/4 4.1/3 5. ½

11. 0.4 is to 2/5 as 0.6 is to ________

1. 20 2. 4/5 3.3/10 4.3/5 5. 1/5

12. 0.2 is to 0.4 as 0.3 is to ________

1. 0.009 2. 0.0009 3.0.09 4. 0.9 5. 9.0

13. 8 is to 23 as 27 is to ________
1. 33 2. 53 3.93 4.39 5. 43

14. 0.5 is to 1/2 as 0.65 is to ________

1. 11/20 2.13/20 3.15/20 4.17/20 5. 14/20

15. 1/3 is to 3 as 2/8 is to ________

1. 2 2.4 3.6 4.8 5. 10

16. 30% is to 3/5 as 80% is to ________

1. 1 1/5 2.1 2/5 3.1 3/5 4.1 4/5 5. 2

17. 0.30 is to 0.075 as 0.15 is to ______

1. 0.000375 2. 0.00375 3.0.0375 4.0.375 5.none

18. 2/5 is to 20% as ¾ is to ________

1. 35.5% 2. 37.0% 3. 37.5% 4. 39.0% 5. 36.5%

19. 625 is to 81 as 5 is to ________

1. 3 2. 4 3.6 4.9 5. 0.648

Note: Solution is by comparison. The ratio here is exponential: 54:34, after knowing this the answer is
obvious. It is 3. Review special numbers like the squares of number. My first analysis here is that it is 252
and 92 and I know that 25 and 9 are52 and 32 which made me arrive to the same answer 3.

20. 8 is to 11 as 36 is to ________
1. 49.50 2. 55.00 3. 59.50 4. 65.00 5. 69.50

21. 2 is to 2.5 as 4 is to ________

1. 3 2.5 3.7 4.9 5. 6

22. 2 is to 8 as 4 is to ________
1. 18 2. 32 3.36 4.66 5.none
 NUMBER SERIES

1. 4.16 5.25 6.36 7.49 8.64 _______________.

Answer: Taking/comparing the difference of each number from its predecessor..

(minuend − subtrahend =difference) Take note of their progression: each difference is .02 higher than
its predessor. The next number of the series should have 1.17 or 1.15+0.02 difference from the
last number.

4.16 5.25 6.36 7.49 8.64 _______________.

1.09 1.11 1.13 1.15 (1.17)

The answer should be 8.64 + 1.17 = 9.81

1. 9.36 3. 8.81 5. 7.72

2. 9.81 4. 6.64

2. 5 6 10 19 35 60 ______________.

Answer: Taking/comparing the difference of each number from its predecessor, you’ll notice
that the difference is of special property. They are all squares of a number.

5 6 10 19 35 60 ______________.

1 4 9 16 25 36
12 22 32 42 52 62

The answer should be 60+36=96.

1. 98 3. 96 5. 36
2. 86 4. 72

3. 4/3-2/3 -1/3 1/6 -1/12 -1/18 ___________.

Answer: Just divide the number by 2 and alternate the +/- signs one + and two – or +, -, -, +, -,
-, +…
4/3 ÷ 2 = 2/3
2/3 ÷ 2 = 1/3
1/3 ÷ 2 = 1/6
1/6 ÷ 2 = 1/12
1/12 ÷ 2 = 1/24 -> OOPS!! This must be a clerical error on the examiner part but do not
let it distract you.. Assume that the answer is 1/18..
1/18 ÷ 2 = 1/36
The true answer should be 1/48..

1. 4/3 3. 1/36 5. –3/4

2. 2/3 4. 1/3

4. .25 1 5.25 6 _____________

1. 10.25 3. 15.75 5. none
2. 12.25 4. 13.25