Water Balance Chart

A water balance chart compares the total water supplied to the site, the actual water consumed
within all the water end uses in the site, and the total water leaving the site. This will help to identify
areas of significant water usage and problem areas, including leaks and uncontrolled losses.

Water input to be included in a water balance chart consists of:

a) Water supplied by PUB

b) Water not supplied by PUB
c) Other water sources (e.g. seawater, MAU/AHU condensate, rainwater)

Water output to be included in a water balance chart consists of:

a) Water that is lost through evaporation and drift e.g. cooling towers
b) Water that is contained in the products e.g. beverages
c) Water used for irrigation
d) Used water discharged from the site into the sewer system which shall include effluent from
the on-site wastewater treatment facility and sanitary wastewater

The water balance chart shall also indicate the reused/ recycled streams.

Water Balance Equation

Water balance equation: Total water input = Total water output

Should total water input exceed the total water output, the difference could be due to leaks and
uncontrolled losses.
 Sample Water Balance Chart M Private water meters
Evaporation
J m3/yr /drift losses
R1 m3/yr K m3/yr
AHU
Condensate M Cooling tower blowdown O1 m3/yr
M Cooling Tower
A m3/yr
NEWater
L m3/yr O2 m3/yr
W1 m3/yr Fire protection system
B m3/yr Product
R3 m3/yr T m3/yr
Recycle of boiler
blowdown to cooling tower
M
C m3/yr
M Water treatment plant Processes* WWTP Sewer
U m3/yr O3 m3/yr
D m3/yr
M m3/yr
M Boiler

E m3/yr N m3/yr
Potable Safety showers
water F m3/yr
O m3/yr
W2 m3/yr M Canteens/kitchen
G m3/yr
P m3/yr
M Toilet flushing
H m3/yr Q m3/yr
Domestic consumption
I m3/yr
R m3/yr
M Dormitories
R2 m3/yr
Rainwater M Irrigation Irrigation
O4 m3/yr
Water balance equation: (Total Water Input to boundary) = (Total Water Output of boundary)
W1 + W2 + R1 + R2 = O1 + O2 + O3 + O4