SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY

Junior High School and Junior Science High School

PAASCU Reaccredited Level II
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

ORANGE (Citrus sinesis) PEEL AS AN ANTI-OXIDANT AND

PIMPLE SOLUTION

Science Research Proposal

In partial fulfilment for the requirements in SRAS 1

FRANZEN KATE P. MATEO

JESRAEL L. EGOY
LENARO CLEM D. CADOY

9 Researchers

IVY N. LOPEZ
SRAS 1 Teacher

March 2019
 Table of Contents
I. Introduction
A. Background of Study…………………………………………………………..3
B. Review of Related Literature………………………………………………….4
C. State of the Objective………………………………………………………….5
D. Statement of the Problem……………………………………..……………….6
E. Statement of the Hypothesis…………………………………………………...7
F. Significance of the Study……………………………………………………...8
G. Scope and Limitations…………………………………………………………9
H. Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………..10

II. Methodology

A. Procedural Flowchart…………………………………………………………
B. Research Environment……………………………………………………
C. Materials and Proposal Budget
D. Methods
E. Treatment of Data
F. Experimental Design

III. References
A. Bibliography
 I.INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Orange is a citrus fruit that belongs to the family Rutaceae. It is also called sweet
orange, to distinguish it from the related Citrus aurantium, referred to as bitter orange. The
sweet orange reproduces asexually (apomixis through nucellar embryony); varieties of sweet
orange arise through mutations. Orange tree is an evergreen plant that can reach 30 to 33 feet
in height with a crown that can reach 20 feet in diameter. The leaves are oval in shape, have
fine rounded teeth on the edges and are alternately arranged on the branches. The flower is
white in color and it blossoms in spring.

Botanically speaking, fruit of orange tree belong to the group of berries. It has peel on
the surface which protects juicy fresh in the middle of the fruit. Flesh is usually divided into
10 segments. The size and sweetness of the fruit as well as the color of the peel and flesh
depend on the variety.

There are over 600 varieties of orange trees that can be found in tropical and subtropical
parts of the world. Oranges originate from Southeast Asia. Cultivation of oranges started 2500
years BC and were introduced to Europe in 15th century and soon afterwards they were shipped
to the South America which became the greatest manufacturer of oranges in the world.

Oranges are rich source of vitamin C, vitamins of the B group and minerals such as
calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus. Due to high content of vitamin C, orange can
improve immune system, facilitate absorption of the iron and accelerate wound healing. Aside
from the health benefits, oranges have also numerous uses such as natural repellents, cooking
and cleaning uses as well as for beauty treatments and applications.
B. Review of Related Literature

What causes pimples?

Pimples, also known as spots or zits, are part of acne. They are most likely to occur around
puberty, but they can happen at any age. During puberty, hormone production changes. This
can cause the sebaceous glands located at the base of hair follicles to become overactive. As a
result, pimples are likely to appear during the teenage years and around menstruation, for
women.

Acne vulgaris, the main cause of pimples affects over 80% of teenagers. After the age of
25 years, it affects 3% of men and 12% of women. Pimples happen when pores become clogged
with sebum and dead skin. Sometimes this leads to infection and inflammation
(https://www.medicalnewstoday.com).

Dapon (2011) said that a pimple or acne vulgaris is a skin disease commonly affecting the
oil-secreting glands of the skin. This type of acne is the concern of many adolescents because
it often mounts to break-outs in the individuals face, neck and shoulders. This further leads to
dented scars.

There have been numerous claims about the causes of pimples but medical doctors agree
that hormones are the main cause of the said skin disease. This is due to the increased sebum
released by the sebaceous glands when an individual reaches puberty. The excess sebum gets
clogged in the skin pores that develop into pimples. Because of this, the demand for an effective
and safe pimple remover became expectedly high. Since pimple is usually an infection, a
bacterial problem, the early answer was antibiotic medications.

However, Hörfelt (2009) said in her dissertation “Photodynamic therapy for treatment
of Acne vulgaris in clinical studies: dose response and mode of action" that antibiotics were
used too widely that some pimple gained bacterial resistance. In her experiment, subjects
showed no clinical response and experienced no side effects, gaining no new changes. Anti-
inflammatory activity of Citrus sinesis is due to the presence of polymethoxyflavones. Citrus
sinesis (orange) peel extract contain bioflavonoids, including polymethoxylated flavones
(PMFs), which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects.
Orange Peel

The peel has anti-bacterial and anti-microbial properties which make it great for treating
acne and oily skin. It also works as a skin lightening agent and can do wonders for marks on
the face and pigmentation. Besides its medicinal, more obvious properties, face packs with
orange peel can also be used as face cleansers and leave the skin looking refreshed. Orange
peel is best used in powder form (https://food.ndtv.com).

Phenols in Orange Peel Kill Acne-Causing Bacteria

Pimples are basically bacterial infections. Specifically, a kind of bacteria called the
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is the culprit. These microorganisms live on our skin. They
thrive in clogged skin pores, causing inflammation that results in those unsightly zits.
Fortunately, extracts from bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) peels have been found to be
effective against P. acnes, chiefly due to the phenolic antioxidants. One study even concluded
that the antibacterial action of orange peels is as potent as that of antibiotics. While studies
have not been conducted on the antibacterial effects of other types of oranges, since all orange
peels contain antioxidants, the effect will be similar.

Nobiletin in Orange Peel Makes Your Skin Less Oily

Sometimes, the oil glands in our skin make excess oil or sebum. This can lead to
clogged pores and acne. If you’re prone to greasy skin, consider putting those orange peels to
work. Studies have found that nobiletin, a flavonoid found in orange peels, can actually reduce
sebum production.

Vitamin C in Orange Peel Fights Inflammation

Having a pimple is bad enough. Inflammation just makes it worse. But this is typical with
the P. acnes infection during an outbreak. It causes reddening and swelling, adding to your
acne woes. Luckily, orange peels actually have flavones with anti-inflammatory properties.
Nobiletin is particularly potent plus vitamin C is a known antioxidant that reduces
inflammation. In fact, the peel has more vitamin C than the flesh.
C. Statement of the Objective
This research aims the following:
1. To determine the effectiveness of orange peel in eliminating pimples; and
2. To come up with the most effective pimple solution through different preparation
methods.

D. Statement of the Problem

Specifically, this research seeks to answer the following questions:
1. Does orange peel effective in eliminating pimples?
2. What preparation method is the most effective in eliminating pimples?

E. Statement of the Hypothesis

The properties of orange peel extracts as an anti-oxidant can eliminate pimples for 2-3
weeks.

F. Significance of the Study

The study will generate useful information for recommending the most effective
preparation method of orange peels in eliminating pimples. Specifically, it will be useful to
everyone suffering from pimples particularly teen agers or adolescents that cannot afford
to buy commercially sold cosmetic solutions.

G. Scope and Limitations

The conduct of the study will concentrate only on the following:
1. Use of sweet orange peels readily available in the market; blended orange peels and
milk; and dried orange peels for several days.
2. Each treatment will be applied by three different persons twice a day within 15 days for
better comparison of results.

H. Definition of Terms
1. Orange peel – healthiest part of the fruit. It is rich in flavonoids like hesperidin,
polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), and other phytochemicals. Orange peel contains higher
amounts of certain nutrients like vitamin C than its flesh.
2. Pimple - a small pustule or papule that develop when sebaceous glands, or oil glands,
become clogged and infected, leading to swollen, red lesions filled with pus.
 II. METHODOLOGY

A. Research Environment
The research will be conducted at Saint Mary’s University High School and Science High
School, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya.

B. Procedural Flowchart

GATHERING OF
ORANGE PEELS AND
MATERIALS

EXTRACTION OF DRYING OF ORANGE

PEELING FLUIDS EXTRACTION OF PEELS
PEELING FLUIDS

APPLICATION OF GRINDING OF
EXTRACTS BLENDING OF PEELINGS
INGREDIENTS

COMBINATION OF
APPLICATION OF INGREDIENTS
SOLUTION

APPLICATION OF
SOLUTION
C. Materials
Materials needed:
1. 3 kilos fresh Orange peels
2. 2 cans evaporated milk
3. 3 medium size bowls
4. Blender

D. Methods
Step by step procedure
Treatment 1:
- Take several amount of fresh orange peels and squeeze lightly to release juice unto the
bowl.
- Rub the juice extract on pimples twice a day, preferably in the morning and at night
time.

Treatment 2:
- Place considerable amounts of fresh orange peels and evaporated milk in a blender until
it turns into paste.
- Place the paste into a small bowl or container then rub the paste onto pimples.
- Leave it for 5 to 10 minutes or till it dries before washing it off.

Treatment 3:
- Dry the orange peels under the sun for 2-3 days, then grind it into a powder.
- Sieve the powdered peel on a bowl and mix it with evaporated milk until it turns into
paste.
- Place the paste onto pimple and leave it for 10 to 15 minutes before washing.

Application of extracts and orange peel pastes should be religiously completed for 15 days.

E. Experimental Design
Title: ORANGE (citrus sinesis) PEEL EXTRACTS AS AN ANTI-OXIDANT AND PIMPLE
SOLUTION
Hypothesis: Using orange peel extracts is effective as an anti-oxidant and can eliminate pimples
for 2-3 weeks.
Independent variable: Amount of orange peel extracts
Amount of milk
Environment
Method used in doing the experiment
Dependent variable: Effectiveness of the orange as an anti-oxidant and pimple solution
Number of
Repeated trials

Method used Method 1 Method 2 Method 3

Number of repeated trials: 3 Constants: Orange peels

Sunlight
Milk
F. Treatment of Data

Appearance of the orange peel extracts base on different methods(M):

M1 = juice
M2 = paste
M3 = paste

G. Budget proposal
The estimated budgetary requirements for the conduct of the study is more or less Two
Thousand Pesos (Php 2,000.00) inclusive of incidental cost. Only the orange peels and
milk will be purchased while the bowls and blender will be provided by the group members.

III. REFERENCES

Article title: Chapter2 Thesis OrangePeels \ Pimple \ Honey

Website title: Scribd
Url: https://www.scribd.com/document/362060667/Chapter2-Thesis-OrangePeels

Article title: Using Orange For Acne: Know Why And How – CureJoy
Website title: Curejoy.com
URL: https://www.curejoy.com/content/orange-peel-for-acne/amp/

URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2533031/
Adrian, F., Robert, V., Susanne H., & Laurie, C. (2005). Biovailability and
antioxidant effects of orange juice components to humans. J Agric Food Chem.