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k ufpw
f ifh jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;
a&; (at'D 1521-
1521-1579)
at'D 16 &mpk tapmydki;f wGif bmoma&; tawG;tac:ynm&Sif ESpOf ;D jzpfaom rmwifvo l m Martin Luther ESihf
[l;'&pfcsf ZGi*f vD Huldrych Zwingli wdk@. v_y&f mS ;r_rsm; pwifc+Jh yD; ‚onf toif;awmf tm; jyKjyif ajymif;vJ&ef
&nfoefcJhayonf? xdjk yKjyif;ajymif;vJa&; orm;rsm;rSm ,cifu vlrsm;eSifh uGJjym; jcm;em;cJhayonf? olw@kd u
=o0gqidk &f m cspm;jcif;. tajccH&if;jrpfudk qifjcifo;Hk oyfv#uf olwdk@ qifjcifo;Hk oyfrad om “orRusr;f tppftrSe”f
twdik ;f pif+ydKif =o0g' tm;jzifh jyKjyif ajymif;vJ&ef &nf oef cJhayonf? y&dw k ufpfwifh qdak om pum;rSm
vufwifbmompum; y&dkwufpw f mhwf wD,dk rS qifh yGm;jcif; jzpfI/ a=ujimpmwrf;[k teufay;ayonf? ‚onf
at'D 1539 wGif qH;k jzwfcsuf csrSwaf om 'dik f,ufatmh pyD,m Diet of Speyer tm; qef@usifaom rif;om;
vlom&if. y&dkwufpaf w;&Si;f pmv$m letter of protestation udk ud, k pf m;jyKxm;jcif; jzpfayonf? jyKjyif
ajymif;vJa&;udk qef@usif aom tm;jzifh xdq k H;k jzwfcsuftm; 'dik f,ufatmh 0rf;ef [k jyefvnfwnf;jzwf
twnfjyKcJah yonf? xdt k csed rf S pI xdpk um;vH;k a0g[m&tm; rsm;pGmaom teuftrsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh oH;k ESe;f cJah yonf?
odk@aomf a,b,stm;jzifh taemufwdki;f c&pf,mef [lI ud, k pf m;jyKayonf? ‚onf yky&f [ef;qdik &f m tkyf csKyfr_
tm%mtm; owfrSwjf cif; r&Sad cs? Tpum;vH;k y&dw k ufpw f ifh qdok nfudk jyKjyif ajymif;vJa&; orm;rsm;u
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tDAif*svDu,f [lI ac:qdak vh&aSd yonf?

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bk&m;ausmif;wGif wifjyaom oD;Zpf (pwrf;) 95 ckESit fh wl todtrSwf jyKcJhayonf? a&S;OD;pGm qDredk D simony uJo h @kd
cspm;jcif;rsm;/ yky&f [ef;qdik &f m vpfvyfrE_ Sifh pdwt
f vdkvdkufav#m a&mif;csrr_ sm; the sale of indulgences udk
qef@usif xm;ayonf? y&dw k ufpfwifh. &yfwnfrr_ mS =o0g'qdik &f m ajymif;vJjcif; jyKaom qdkvm pc&ufusL&m sola
scriptura ESifh qdkvm zD'g sola fide wdk@ ESifh yl;aygif;jcif; r&Sa
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k ufpfwifrh S ta&;tygq;Hk 0ifa&mufvmjcif;
oH;k ckrmS vlom&if/ &DzrG ;f 'f/ ESifh tif*vDuif &d;k &mrsm; jzpfayonf? aemufq;Hk jzpfaom t*Fvu D iftm;
jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; [k tod trSwjf yKaomfvnf;/ umodkvpfEiS t fh jcm;aom tkypf ck GJrsm;u ‚tm; y&dw k ufpfwif[h k
p&if;roGi;f acs?

y&dwk ufpfwifh jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udk tkypf Ek pS pf k cGJjcm;aumif; cGJjcm;Edik faomfvnf; tajccHtm;jzifh +ydKifwl v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;
jzpfcaJh yonf? ‚wdk@rSm =oZm&Sad om todik ;f t0dik ;f rS jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;ESifh tajccHrS jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;wd@k
jzpfayonf? =oZm&Sdaom todki;f t0dik ;f rS jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;wGif vlom/ ZGi*f vD/ u,fvAf if/ c&ifrm pmaom
aocsmonfh bmoma&; 'oeynm&Sif !Gef@aygi;f rsm; yg0ifI/ c&pf,mef a'owGi;f rS t&yfom; =oZm&So d rl sm;u
jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;wGif yl;aygif; yg0ifayonf? tajccH jyKjyif ajymif;vJorl sm;onf Edik if Hawmf ydwq f @kd r_. jyifyY
todik ;f t0dik ;f udk zGJ@pnf; wnfaxmifcJhayonf? ‚wdk@u eufpq f m ESifh csmvufp'f ef o*Fg,emrsm; qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk
yg,cf sjcif;uJhodk@ =o0g'qdik &f m tpGr;f ukef ajymif;vJa&;udk ydkrv dk yk af qmifcJhayonf? tajccH0g'rD sm;ESifh =oZm&Sd jyKjyif
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aygufuGJry_ if jzpfayonf?

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atmifjrifcaJh yonf? umodkvpfrsm;u umodkvpf jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; odk@r[kwf wefjyef jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;[k
xif&mS ;aom y&dw k ufpfwifth m; qef@usifaom wkH@jyefjcif;udk jyKcJah yonf? ‚. tusKd ;qufrmS &d;k &m =o0g'tm;

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&mcdik Ef eS ;f onf umodkvpfbufodk@ jyefvnf ul;ajymif; vm+yD;/ xdkomoemjyK tzGJ@rsm;onf/ tar&du.
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