FILIPINO
Panghalip na pamatlig
- Ginagamit na panghalili sa pagtuturo ng pangngalan.
Hal. Pook (ito)
Panghalip na panaklaw
- Sumasaklaw sa kaisahan, dami, o kalahatan ng
tinutukoy. Hal. Kailanman, sinuman, saanman, lahat
Panghalip na pananong
- Panghalili sa mga tao o mga bagay na ginagamit sa
pagtatanong. Hal. Alin-alin, anu-ano, kani-kanino
Sugnay
- Katipunan ng mga salitang may simuno at panag-uri na
maaring may buo o di buong diwa (clause)
Parirala
- Lipon ng mga salitang walang simuno at panag-uri
(phrase)
Pangungusap
- Pangkat ng mga salita na may buong diw (sentence)
Tayutay - Figures of speech
Pagtutulad
- Isang payak at tuwirang paghahambing ng dalwang
magkaibang bagay na ginagamitan ng mga salita o
pariralang para ng, tulad ng, animo'y, kapara, gaya,
anaki'y, etc. (simile)
Pagwawangis
- Tuwirang paghahambing sa dalawang magkaibang
bagay (metaphor)
Pagbibigay kata-uhan - Personification
Pagpapalit-tawag
- Ang pagpapahayag ay nagpapalit ng katawagan o
ngalan ng bagay na tinutukoy (metonymy)
Pagmamalabis
- Ang paglalarawan sa tunay na kalagayan ng isang tao,
bagay, o pangyayari ay lubhang pinalalabis o
pinakukulang (hyperbole)
Pagpapalit-saklaw
- Pagbabanggit ng isang bahagi ng isang bagay para sa
kabuuan o kaya'y isang tao para kumakatawan sa isang
pangkay (synecdoche)
Pagtawag/apostrophe
- Isang panawagan o pakiusap sa isang bagay na tila ito
ay isang tao
Ironiya
- Pagpapahayag o pag-uyam na ang kahulugan ay
kabaliktaran ng nais na ipahayag
Paghahalintulad
- Tambalang pagtutuladng dalawang ideya sa isang
aspeto
Paghihimig
- Pagpapahayag ay gumagamit ng tunig o himig ng mga
salita upang ipahiwatig ang kahilugan (onomatopoeia)
Pag-uulit
- Ang pagpapahayag ay gumagamit ng magkakatulad na
titik o pantig sa simula ng dalawa o mahigit na salitang
ginagamit sa isang taludtod o pangungusap
Pagdaramdam
- Ang pagpapahayag ay nagsasaad ng di pangkaraniwang
damdamin
Pagtatambis
- Pinagsama o pinag-uugnay ang dalawang bagay na
magkasalungat (oxymoron)
Panitikan
- Tawag sa lahat ng pahayag, nakasulat man o
binibigkas (kathang-isip o hindi kathang-isip)
Tuluyan
- Anyo ng panitikang nabubuo sa pamamagitan ng
malayang pagsama-sama ng mga salita sa pangungusap
Alamat
- Nagkukuwento sa pinagmulan ng mga bagay-bagay sa
mundo
Anekdota
- Tumatalakay sa kakaiba o kakatawang pangyayaring
naganap sa buhay ng isang tao
Nobela
- Isang mahabang kuwentong piksyon na binubuo ng
ibat ibang kabanata
Pabula
- Ang mga gumaganap na tauhan ay mga hayop
Parabula
- Maikling kuwentong may aral na karaniwang
hinahango sa bibliya
Maikling kwento
- Isang maigsing salaysay hunggil sa isang mahalagang
pangyayaring kinasasangkutan ng isa o ilang tauhan at
may iisang kakintalan o impresyon lamang
Dula
- Itinatanghal sa mga teatro; nahahati ito sa ilang yugto
na maraming tagpo
Talambuhay
- Nagsasaad ng kasaysayan ng buhay ng isang tao hango
sa mga tunay na tala, pangyayari, o impormasyon
Talumpati
- Opinyon ng isang tao na pinababatid sa pamamagitan
ng pagsalita sa entablado - Kwentong bayan - Ay mga
salaysay hinggil sa mga likhang-isip na mga tauhan at
kumakatawan sa mga uri ng mamamayan
Patula
- Anyo ng panitikang nabubuo sa pamamagitan ng
pagsama-samang maanyong salita sa mga taludtod na
may sukat o bilang ng mga pantig at pagtutugma ng mga
salita sa hulihan ng mga taludtod sa bawat saknong
Epiko
- Tumatalakay sa mga kabayanihan at pakikipagtunggali
ng isang tao o mga tao laban sa mga kaaway na halos
hindi mapaniwalaan dahil may mga
tagpuangakababalaghan at di kapani-paniwala
Sawikain
- Maaring tumukoy sa idyoma, moto o salawikain
Bugtong
- Isang pangungusap o tanong na may dobke o
nakatagong kahulugan na nilulutas bilang isang
palaisipan
Tanaga
- Maikling katutubong Pilipinong tula na naglalaman ng
pang-aral at payak na pilosopiyang ginagamit ng
matatanda sa pagpapagunita sa mga kabataan
Jose Rizal
- Who wrote St. Eustache, Martyr?
Felipe de Jesus
- Pinagkalooban ng karangalan bilang Unang Tunay na
Makata noong 1708
Ma-I
- Old Name of the Philippines according to the Chinese
(rizal confirmed this)
Las islas de San Lázaro (St. Lazarus' Islands)
- Old Phil. Name by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 when
he reached the islands of Homonhon in Samar (now
Eastern Samar) on the feast day of Saint Lazarus of
Bethany.
Las islas de Poniente (Islands to the West
- Another name of the Phil. from Ferdinand Magellan in
1521 when he learned that the Las islas de San Lázaro
also included Cebu and Leyte islands
Pearl of the Orient/Pearl of the Orient Seas
- Old name, the sobriquet of the Philippines. The term
originated from the idea of Spanish Jesuit missionary Fr.
Juan J. Delgado in 1751. In his last poem Mi último
adiós, Dr. José Rizal referred the country with this name.
Ophir
- Biblical name of the Philippines
Proposed names of the Philippines
- What are Maniolas, Barrousai, Maharlika, Luzviminda,
and Tawalisi?
La liga Filipina
- In 1892, Jose Rizal (full name: Jose Protacio Mercado
Rizal y Alonzo) returned to the Philippines and proposed
the establishment of a civic organization called this, with
Ambrosio Salvador as president and Rizal himself as
adviser
Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol
- The Governor General Who ordered Rizal's deportation
to Dapitan, a small, secluded town in Zamboanga, just
three days after La Liga was organized
La Solidaridad
- In order to help achieve its goals, the Propaganda
Movement put up its own newspaper, called this, with
Graciano Lopez Jaena as its first editor
The Residencia
- This was a special judicial court that investigates the
performance of a governor general who was about to be
replaced.
Royal Audiencia
- Apart from its judicial functions, this body served as an
advisory body to the Governor General and had the
power to check and a report on his abuses. It also audited
the expenditures of the colonial government and sent a
yearly report to Spain.
Encomienda
- Spain owed the colonization of the Philippines to
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, who valiantly and loyally
served the Spanish crown. To hasten the subjugation of
the country, King Philip II instructed Legazpi to divide
the Philippines into large territories called this.
Gobernadorcillo
- During the Spanish era, Each province was divided into
several towns or pueblos headed by
Alcalde mayor
- The head of the fully subjugated provinces called
alcadias
Corregidor
- Head if the not fully subjugated provinces called
corregimientos
Leandro Locsin
- Architect of CCP, the poet of space, use of concrete;
monumentalism
Ildefonso P. Santos
- The father of Philippine landscape architecture, created
some of the best-loved urban spaces in the country.
parks, plazas, and green spaces, element of urban
planning; National Artist for Architecture in 2006.
Designed Paco Park
Pablo Antonio
- Architect if FEU, Manila Polo Club,.. lines, function
before elegance; art deco
Juan Nakpil
- Architect that infused filipino culture in his designs,
Rizal home restoration, Quiapo church, etc
Francisco Mañosa
- outspoken champion of indigenous architecture," thus
popularizing the idea of Philippine architecture for
Filipinos, distinctive style, known as Contemporary
Tropical Filipino Architecture, is a heady mixture of
seemingly incongruous elements. Coconut lumber,
rattan, shell, thatch, and even indigenous textiles are
juxtaposed with hypermodern materials: metal, glass,
concrete. The Coconut Palace
Carlos Santos-Viola
- He was a devout Catholic throughout his life, and
many of his best known designs were executed for the
Iglesia Ni Cristo, a Filipino religious group. created
churches for the group, incorporating Gothic and
Baroque elements into his modern churches.
Battle of Alapan
- The earlier design of the current Philippine flag was
conceptualized by Emilio Aguinaldo during his exile in
Hong Kong in 1897. The first flag was sewn by Marcela
Marino de Agoncillo with the help of her daughter
Lorenza and Delfina Herbosa de Natividad (a niece of
Propagandista José Rizal). It was first displayed where,
on May 28, 1898?
Francisco Arcellana
- Wrote the Flowers of May
Narciso Claveria
- On November 21, 1849, Governor-General _______
issued a decree that every Filipino native must adopt a
Spanish surname
Jose dela Cruz
- Balagtas learned to write poetry from ________
(Huseng Sisiw), one of the most famous poets of Tondo,
in return of chicks.
Maria Asuncion Rivera
- In 1835, Balagtas moved to Pandacan, where he met
_________ , who would effectively serve as the muse
for his future works. She is referenced in Florante at
Laura as 'Selya' and 'MAR'
Loas
- short celebratory scenes usually involving a patron
saint and performed during
Francisco Balagtas
- Who wrote La India elegante y el negrito amante - a
short play in one part and Orosman at Zafira - a comedia
in three parts
Darangen
- Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature were actually epics
passed on from generation to generation, originally
through an oral tradition. One such epic was the
_______ , an epic of the Maranaos.
The Social Cancer
- Noli Me Tángere (novel) or ________ is a book
published by José Rizal sparked the Philippine
Revolution together with it's sequel El filibusterismo.
Zoilo Galang
- is the Filipino author of the first Philippine novel
written in the English language, A Child of Sorrow,
published in 1921.
NVM Gonzales
- The Winds of April (1941) , A Season of Grace (1956),
The Bamboo Dancers (1988), The Land And The Rain,
The Happiest Boy in The World
F. Sionil Jose
- The Rosales Saga Novels, Gagamba, The God Stealer
in 1959, Waywaya in 1979, Arbol de Fuego (Firetree) in
1980, his novel Mass in 1981, and his essay A Scenario
for Philippine Resistance in 1979
Kerima Polotan Tuvera
- Her 1952 short story, (the widely anthologized) The
Virgin, won two first prizes: of the Philippines Free
Press Literary Awards and of the Palanca Awards.

Edilberto Kaimbong Tiempo

- His novel, Cry Slaughter, published in 1957 was a
revised version of his Watch in the Night novel
published four years earlier in the Philippines. Cry
Slaughter had four printings by Avon in New York, a
hardbound edition in London, and six European
translations.