Structural Analysis

Structural
Analysis
Solutions for Volume : I Classroom Practice Questions
= 15 – (20 -3)
Chapter‐ 1 = 15 – 17 = -2
Introduction to Structures &
Static Indeterminacy Internally unstable.
(v) In a member, there should not be more than

01. Ans: (d)
two internal hinges.
2 4
3
4 6 02. Ans: (b)
1
Sol: j = 9 ;
5
1 m = 16;
2 3 5
Dse = 3 – 3 = 0
Dsi = m – (2j – 3)
(i) r = 4; j = 5; m = 6; = 16 – ( 2×9 – 3)
Dse = 4 – 3 = 1 = 16 – 15 = 1
Dsi = m – (2j – 3) Stable but indeterminate by one
= 6 – ( 2×5 – 3)
= 6 – 7 = -1 03. Ans: (c)
The given truss is internally unstable. Sol: Dse= 0;
Dsi = m – (2j – 3) = 9 – (2  6 – 3) = 0
(ii) Dse = r – 3 j = 9, m = 14 The frame is internally as well as
=6–3=3 externally determinate.
Dsi = m – (2j -3)
= 14 – (18 – 3) = -1
The given frame is internally unstable.
(iii) All supports are roller,

 The given truss is unstable.
(iv)
Dse = 4 – 3 =1
Dsi = m – ( 2j – 3)
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: 26 : CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions
04. Ans: (a) 06. Ans: 19 A

Sol: Sol:
As the two supports are hinged total no. of

reactions = 4.
The deficiency of vertical member between
Number of reactions = 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 8
the supports is taken care of by the additional
Equilibrium equations = 3
vertical reaction. Hence the structure is stable.
Dse = 8 – 3 = 5
Hence Dse can be taken as zero.
Dsi = 3c = 3  6 =18
Dsi = 2 (additional members in the first two
Force releases at A = n – 1 = 2 – 1 = 1
spans more than required for stability)
Force releases at B = n – 1 = 4 – 1 = 3
Dse = 2
Where,
n = number of members joining at that
05. Ans: (b)
location.
Sol: A B
Ds = Dse + Dsi – no.of force releases
C
= 5 + 18 –1–3 = 19
07. Ans: (d)

Dse = 2 + 2 –3 = 1 Sol:
A B
Dsi = m – (2j – 3) = 10 – (2  5 – 3) = 3
Ds = 3+1 = 4
C D
Note: This is formula for internal
indeterminacy of pin jointed plane trusses.
We know that the basic perfect shape for pin
jointed truss is triangle either by shape or by No. of reactions(r) : 3 + 2 + 3 = 8
behaviour. Hence by removing three members Dse = r – 3
suitably (A, B & C as shown in figure), the Dse = 8 – 3 = 5
stability can be maintained. Dsi = 3  no.of closed boxes = 3c = 3  2 = 6
Ds = 1 + 3 = 4 force releases = (1 + 1 + 1 + 1) = 4

: 27 : Structural Analysis
Ds = Dse + Dsi – no.of force releases Moment releases at ‘C’ = 1

=5+6–4=7 Note: At B and C the hinges are tangential to
the horizontal beam. Hence the column and
Note: A & B are horizontal shear releases. beam will have only one common rotation.
Ds = 3 + 6 –1 –1 –1= 6
At each of them one force is released.
C & D are vertical shear releases. 10. Ans: (b)
At each of them one force is released. Sol:
Hinge
08. Ans: (a) E

G No. of reactions(r) = 3 + 1 + 1 = 5
Sol: F
D No. of eq.eqns (E) = 3
Force releases = 1
A B C
Dsi = 0
Dse = (3 + 2 + 1)3 =3 Ds = 5 – 3 –1 =1
Dsi = 0
11. Ans: Zero
Force release at ‘D’ = 2
Sol: The given truss is statically determinate.
Force release at ‘F’ = 1
Determinate structures are not subjected to
 Ds= 3 + 0 –2 1 = 0
stresses by lack of fit, temperature change,
sinking of supports etc.
09. Ans: (b)
B C
Sol:
A Spring Chapter‐ 2
Kinematic Indeterminacy
Reaction at fixed support = 3

Reaction at hinged support = 2 01. Ans: (b)
Reaction at spring support = 1 Sol:
Total reactions =6 P
Dse = 6 –3 = 3
Dk = 3j – r Ds = (3m + r) – 3j
Dsi = 3  2 = 6
j = 2, r = 6 = 3 + 6 – (3×2)
Horizontal force release at ‘A’ =1
Dk = 6 – 6 = 0 Ds = 9 – 6 = 3
Moment releases at ‘B’ = 1
Dk = 0 Ds = 3
Using the formula

Q Dk = 3j – r
= 3  4 – 6 = 6 (with axial deformations)
Ds = r – 3 = 3 – 3 = 0 =6–3= 3 (Neglecting axial deformations)
Dk = 3j – r = (3×2) – 3 Note: While using the formula supports also
=3 shall be treated as joints.
R
03. Ans: (b)
Sol: F
E I
Ds = 0 Dk = 3
j = 4, m = 3, r = 6
B D H K
Ds = r – 3
=6–3=3 A C G J
Dk = 3j – r = 3 × 4 – 6 = 6
D.O.F of rigid joints = 7  3 = 21
D.O.F of fixed support =0
02. Ans: (b)
D.O.F of hinged support = 1
Sol: A B
D.O.F of roller support =2
D.O.F of horizontal shear release support = 1
Total D.O.F or Dk = 21 + 0 + 1 + 2 + 1= 25
A & B are rigid joints. (Considering axial deformations)
The rigid joint of a plane frame will have Neglecting axial deformations = 25 – 11 = 14
three degrees of freedom.
Fixed supports will have zero degrees of
04. Ans:22 or 12
freedom.
Sol:
 Total number of degrees of freedom = 6
(considering axial deformations)
No.of members = 3 1
2
Neglecting axial deformations, degrees of
freedom or kinematic indeterminancy
Dk = 6 – 3 = 3 D.O.F of four rigid joints = 4  3 = 12
or
D.O.F of hinged joint ‘1’ = 5 06. Ans: 9 or 5

(three rotations and two translations) Sol:
1
D.O.F of joint 2 = 4 (two rotations and two
2
translations. Both vertical members will have
one common rotation)
D.O.F of 2 rigid joints =23=6

D.O.F of fixed supports =0
D.O.F of hinged support =1 D.O.F of hinged support‘1’ =2
Total D.O.F or Dk = 12 +5+ 4 +1= 22 (Two members are connected to the hinged
(considering axial deformations) support ‘1’. Hence two different rotations are
Neglecting axial deformations = 22 –10 = 12 possible)

D.O.F of hinged support‘2’ =1
05. Ans: 20 or 13 Total D.O.F or Dk = 6 + 0 + 2 +1 =9

Sol: (considering axial deformations)
2 1 Neglecting axial deformations = 9 – 4 = 5
Note: The effect of diagonal member shall not be

considered.
Note: At hinged support ‘1’ two rotations, at
hinged support ‘2’ one rotation, at each rigid
D.O.F of moment release at ‘1’ = 4
joint one rotation. No sway. Hence five D.O.F
D.O.F of horizontal shear release at ‘2’ = 4
neglecting axial deformations.
D.O.F of 3 rigid joints =33=9
07. Ans: 6 or 3
D.O.F of hinged support = 1
Sol:
D.O.F of roller support =2
Total D.O.F or Dk = 4 + 4 + 9 +1+2 = 20

(considering axial deformations)
Neglecting axial deformations = 20 – 7 = 13

D.O.F of two rigid joints =23=6 10. Ans: (b)

D.O.F of fixed support =0 Sol: j = 6, r = 3,
Dk = 2j – r
Total D.O.F or Dk = 6 + 0 = 6
= 2×6 – 3= 9
(Considering axial deformations) Dse = r – 3 = 3 – 3 = 0
Neglecting axial deformations = 6 – 3 = 3 Dsi = m – (2j – r)
= 9 – (2×6 – 3)
Note: The effect of two inclined members shall
Ds = Dse + Dsi= 0
be taken as one member.
Note: At each rigid joint one independent rotation

 Statically determinate and kinematically
+ one sway of the frame as a whole.
indeterminate by 9.
08. Ans: 4 or 2
Sol: Chapter‐ 3
Statically Determinate Frames
D.O.F of 1 rigid joint =13=3 Sign convention for forces

D.O.F of fixed supports =0 Axial compression: A compression
D.O.F of hinged support =1 member will push the joint to which it is
connected.
Total D.O.F or Dk = 3 + 1 = 4
(Considering axial deformations) Axial tension: A tension member will
pull the joint to which it is connected
Neglecting axial deformations = 4 – 2 = 2
Note: As no sway the axial deformation of two

01. Ans: (d)
beams shall be taken as one. A
Sol:
Note: At rigid joint one independent rotation +
4m
one rotation at hinged support.
09. Ans: 13 4m B 4m
Sol: For pin jointed plane frame Dk = 2j – r 10 t
= 2(8) – 3 Analyzing at ‘A’, two forces are in the same
= 13 line, hence the 3rd force AB is zero.

05. Ans: (c)

02. Ans: (a) W
Sol: 5 kN
Sol: 45 B C A C
2m 3m
A D E
B D
5 kN
2m 3m 3m
At ‘C’ the two forces not in the same line, At roller support the reaction is horizontal
hence FCD = FCB= 0 which is in line with BD
Now analyzing at ‘B’ FBA= 0  FAB = 0
03. Ans: (c) 06. Ans: (b)
C
Sol: E F Sol: 10 kN
B 2m
A C D B
A D
W W E
L L L
2m 2m
FDC = FDB
RD = 5 kN   FCD = 5 kN
FCA = FCD At ‘D’ as reaction is normal to the plane of
FCE = W rolling and DC and the vertical reaction are in
 FCF = 0 the same line then FDE = 0
FBE = 10 kN
04. Ans: (c) 07. Ans: (a)
10 kN D
Sol: First analyze at ‘E’. Sol:
R
 FEC = 0
30
Now analyze at ‘C’.
E C
 FCA = 0
F 45o
Q
P L F
A 60 B

Apply V = 0 at Q. 2 t  4  f AB  4
FQR sin45o = F f AB  2 t Comp 
 FQR = F 2 (tension)
Now apply H = 0 at Q. 09. Ans: (a)
Sol:
FQR .cos45o = FQP E
 F
1 F
F 2  FQP 4m 2 3
2
D F
FQP = F (compression). 2 3
08. Ans: (c) A B
C
Sol: X
A 10t 2m 2m 10t
B
20t
4m
2 3
tan =
2
4m C 4m
4t   = 30o
X 2t
2t Pass the section as shown in figure
Apply M C  0 for the right part of the
Using method of sections. Pass a section
X – X as shown through the chosen member section.
AB and other two members so that these two 4
 10  2  F cos 30 o 
other members pass through a common joint 3
say ‘C’.  F 10 t
Consider left side of the section.
Now analysis at joint E.
Apply M = 0 for the left side of the section.
X Fy  0  2F.Sin 30 o  FCE
A
. B 1
2  10   FCE
2
4m FCE  10 t tension 
4m C 4m
4t
X 2t
2t
10. Ans: (c) Reactions are VA =10 kN ,

Sol: F
HA = 20 kN 
30 o
D E 1000 kg
VB = 20 kN 
C
L FHG = FHE = 0
A B
Apply V = 0 at ‘G’
 FAC  FAE
L L
Apply H = 0
Consider joint F. FGE cos45o + FCG cos 45o = 20
We know that if two members act at a joint  2FGC cos 45o = 20
and if they are not in the same line then each
FGC = 10 2 (tensile)
of them are zero.
Apply V = 0 @C
Hence,  FCA = 0
FCF , FEF both are zero.
Similarly Consider joint C. 12. Ans: (b)
 FCD, FCA both are zero E D
P
Taking M B  0 , RA = 500  
3m
Joint (A)
FAD sin 45 = RA HA A
4m B C
 FAD = 500 2 (tension) 4m Vc
VA
11. Ans: (c)
Sol: 10 kN mc = 0
G H
P  3 – VA  8 = 0
20 kN 3m
F 3P
VA 
3m 8
C
D 3m  Fy = 0
E
3P
3m VA = VC =
8
HA = 20 kN A B
VA = 10 kN
6m VB = 20 kN

13. Ans: (b)

FAE X
Joint A 5 F3
3 A
F2
A   9m
8m
HA FAB 4 4 F1
VA cos   1
5
3 50 kN 50 kN
Fy = 0 sin   20 kN 20 kN 20 kN 20 kN 20 kN
5 6 @ 6 = 36 m
FAE sin – VA = 0
3 Taking left side
FAE   VA  0
5
 MA = 0
3P 5 5P
FAE    50  12 – 20  6 –F1 8 = 0
8 3 8
F1 = 60 kN
FX = 0
FAB + FAE .cos  – P = 0
Chapter‐ 4
P Basic Methods of Structural Analysis
FAB 
2
Joint (E)
P E FED 01. Ans: (d)
Sol:
  Stiffness method deals with unknown
FBE joint displacement (degrees of freedom).
FAE It is nothing but kinematic Indeterminacy.

Hence stiffness method is more suitable if
FX = 0
kinematic Indeterminacy is less than static
FBE – FAE. sin  = 0
indeterminacy. As displacements are
5P 3 3P unknowns it is also called displacement
FBE   
8 5 8
method.
FAB : FBE : FAE
 Equilibrium equations are used at joints to
P 3P 5P analyze the structure. Hence it is also
: :  4:3:5
2 8 8
called equilibrium method.

02. Ans: (b) 05. Ans: (b)

Sol: In theorem of three moments, consistent Sol:
deformation method unknown forces are dealt
Description Option
with. Hence these are force methods
Kani’s method is very much
Moment distribution and slope deflection A-4
suitable for multistorey frames
method deal with displacements. Hence these
Force method suitable if static
are displacement methods. B-3
indeterminacy is less.
Column analogy method suitable
03. Ans: (a) for box frames with varying  C-1
Sol: Force methods, deal with unknown sections and inclined members
redundant forces. In pin jointed trusses, more Displacement method suitable if
D-2
number of degrees of freedom. Hence Kinematic Indeterminacy is less
stiffness methods are complicated compare to
force method.
Chapter‐ 5
Energy Principles
04. Ans: (c)
Sol:
In Force methods, forces are kept unknowns
and unknown forces are found by using 01. Ans: (d)
geometric compatability conditions. Sol: Vertical deflection @ C
W
In displacement methods, joint displacements B
are kept as unknowns and joint equilibrium C
L/2 EI
conditions are enforced to find unknown
displacements. L
2EI
A
FBD of BC:
WL/2 x W
Q
B C
L/2

Mx = + WX
02. Ans: (b)
M X Sol: Horizontal deflection at C
X
W
W
L/2
1 M x W
 VBC  
EI 0
Mx
W
dx
WL B EI
Q
B C
2 L/2
L/2 y
1
=
EI  WXX dx
0
L L
2EI
L/2
 WX 3  A
=   A
 3EI  o
WL3 FBD of BC:


24EI
W
FBD of AB: WL/2 x
Q Q
WL
My  B C
2 L/2
W
M y L Q WL
 Mx = + WX B
W 2 2
y
M x
L
1  WL  1  0
2EI 0  2  2 
 VAB    dy Q L
L/2
1

1 WL
y 
WL 2 L 3 hBC =
EI  WX 0dx  0
0
A
2EI 4 0
8EI
FBD of AB:
Total vertical deflection at
WL
3 3 3 My =  Qy
WL WL WL 2
c =  
24EI 8EI 6EI
M y
 y
Q
L
1  WL 
hAB =    Q y y dy
2EI 0  2 
L
1  WL 
y dy
2EI 0  2 
 

(Q= 0 as it is imaginary force) l

w 2 x 2 .dx
U
L I(l  x)
1  WL  y 2  WL3 0 2E
=     l
2EI  2  2  0 8EI
lw 2 x 2 dx
l
WL 3 
Total horizontal deflection = 0
2EI (l  x)
8EI
w 2l x 2
l
2 EI 0 l  x
 dx
03. Ans: (c)
Sol: w 2l x 2  l 2  l 2
l
2 EI 0
W  dx
lx
EI
2EI
w 2 l  (x  l)(x - l) 
l l
l2
  dx  0 (l  x) 
dx
L 2 EI  0 (l  x)
w 2 l  x 2 
l

Shortcut: Strain energy is inversely
 
2 EI  2

 lx   l 2 log(l  x 
l
0
proportional to I.  0 
w 2l 3 w 2l  l 2 
With uniform I, U = .    l  l log e 2l - l log e l 
2 2 2
6EI 2 EI  2 
w 2l 3
With uniform 2I, U = w 2l  - l 2 2l 
12EI    l 2 log e 
2 EI  2 l 
As given has I varying from I to 2I,
denominator shall be in between 6 and 12. 
w 2l
2 EI

 0.5l 2  l 2 0.693 
Traditional procedure: w 2l 3
U=
Mx = wx 10.35 EI
I.x 04. Ans: (b)
Ix = I 
l Sol: Mx = W Rsin

 I1 x l  I(l l x) M
 R sin 
X W W

1
EI 0
I
Ix H B  WR sin   R sin   R d
2I
x

WR 3
EI 0
l  sin 2  d
X

1  cos 2 Mx
 sin 2   x
2 W

WR 3  1  cos 2  Mx dx
 v   Mx
EI 0 
   d .
2  W EI

 dx
WR 3   sin 2   v   ( Wx  M ) x.
    o
EI
EI 2 2 0
W = 0 {fictious load}
WR 3
H B  
2EI M M 2
EI o
Lv  x .ds 
2EI
05. Ans: (c)
For member BC
Sol: Consider free body diagram Of ‘AB’
Mx = W+M
B Mx
3L
A 
W
h
P 3L dx
 v   ( W  M )
o
EI
L 2L h
M M h
v  
EI o
dx 
EI
M=2PL
 W=0
3L M  
P  h  
EI  2
P3L  2PL 3L   
3 2

 VA   0 (v)A =  h 
3E I 2EI EI  2
06. Ans: (a) W 07. Ans: (d)
Sol: B
A M= F2
Sol: Strain energy (u) of Bar AB =
x x 2AE
Where F = Axial force in the Bar
h
FAB = 0
u AB  0
C
For member AB
Mx = Mz + M
08. Ans: (b) 10. Ans: (d)

1
Sol: Sol:
D C B
A w w
2 2
AE, l 2AE,l
45 45
C
A 4M B
W
Apply unit load in the vertical direction at Apply unit vertical load at ‘C’. to get the
‘C’. Due to this unit load FCB = 1 values of k.
Change in length of member BC due

temperature change =  tl Members Force P k Pkl/AE
6 AE
= 10  10  4000  25 = 1mm
W 1  W
 VC = k   = 1  1 = 1mm  
AC 2 2 AE 2AE
W 1 l W
09. Ans: (a) 
AB 2 2 2AE 4AE
Sol:
C
D 1  v c   Pkl = Wl

Wl

3Wl
AE 2AE 4AE 4AE
11. Ans: (d)

Sol:
A 4M B
Apply unit horizontal load at ‘C’. to get the
values of k
Apply unit horizontal load at ‘C’. B

A 1 1
Due to this the force in the member BC zero.
2 2
 Horizontal deflection @ C =k= 0 AE, l 2AE,l
45 45
1
C

14. Ans: (c)

W1
Members  Pk ' l Sol: X
P k AE AE y
AC 2
W 1  W
  W2
2 2 AE 2AE
AB W 1 l  W
 1
2 2 2AE 4AE
Using Bettie’s Theorem:
   
Pk ' l Wl Wl Wl
H C    Virtual work done by
AE 2AE 4AE 4AE
W1 = virtual work done by W2
12. Ans: 1.5  10 –3
 w22 = w11
Sol: As the structure is determinate extra forces 1 w 2
 
will not be generated due to lack of fit. 2 w1
 6 
tan    3 
Inclination of member BC
 4  10 
is mainly due to 6 mm extension in BD Chapter‐ 6
Moment Distribution Method
 = 1.5  10–3 Radians.
13. Ans: (c)

P 01. Ans: (a)
Sol: A B
Sol: B
4L EI = constant
3L/4, EI 3L
L/4, 4 EI A C
4L E
4L
Maxwell’s law of Reciprocal deflections:
 ij  ji where D
 ij = deflection @ ‘i’ due to unit load at ‘j’ I

4L 1
 ji = deflection @ j due to unit load at i (D.F) BE  
I I I 3 I 4
   
Further Maxwell’s law is valid for both 4L 4L 4L 4 3L
prismatic and non prismatic beams.
Maxwell’s theorem independent of EI.

Hence option ‘C’.
02. Ans: (c) 04. Ans: (b)

Sol: A Sol:
B C D
A M
6m 4m 4m 1m
B C
1.5I I 2I I EI, L
EI, L
Distribution
Relative
Joint Member factor
stiffness ‘k’
D.F= k / k EI, L
BA 1.5I/6 0.5
B D
BC I/4 0.5
I Rotational stiffness of joint ‘B’
CB 0.4
4
C
3  2I  11EI
CD   0.6 
4 4  L
M 11EI ML
Note: Over hang present beyond ‘D’ does not   , =
 L 11EI
give fixity. Hence ‘D’ will act like simple
support. ‘B’ and ‘C’ have other supports  = Rotation of joint ‘B’.
beyond them. Hence they act like fixed
supports to calculate stiffness
05. Ans: (b)
03. Ans: (a)
Sol:
Sol: B
B
L L
L L/2 EI Rigid joint
A D A
O L L
EI = constant
EI D EI
L
L P
EI
Rotational stiffness of a joint is the sum of
C
stiffness of all members meeting at that joint
 KO = KOA + KOB + KOC + KOD
4EI 3EI 4EI 11EI

   0=
L L L L
B Consider free body diagram of ‘BC’
C B
Member D.F l M
2
A MD= P.L 1 2M
DB 3
2M
l
l
D
DA 1
PL 3 Consider free body diagram of ‘AC’
DC 1 2M
3
C l
l C
2
Moment at ‘D’ transferred from over hang, 2M l

Moment at ‘A’ =  M
l 2
MD = P.L
Distribution factors are 1 , 1 , 1 to DA,
3 3 3
DB, DC respectively. 07. Ans: (c)
P
PL Sol:
 MDA =
3
A B
C
PL MA l/2
PL l/2
A D 3
6 P/2 P/2
1 PL PL Load is acting at center of the beam.

 MA =  
2 3 6 p
RA = RB = ()
(Far end ‘A’ is fixed, hence the carry over 2
moment is half of that of moment of near end As center ‘C’ has an internal moment hinge
‘D’ of beam ‘AD’)
MC = 0
06. Ans: (d) L
MA = RB 
Sol: 2
A p L
C = 
M 2 2
l/2 l/2 pl
B MA = (anticlockwise)
4

08. Ans: (d) 10. Ans: (a)

Sol: Carry over factor Sol: M
3m, I
C
Moment developed at far end B
C AB 
Moment applied at near end
M
A B M
C B
4m, I
RA=M/L RB= M/L

L L
Let us apply moment ‘M’ at A
k D.F
For RA ; take moment @ C = 0 D.FBA = 1
2
BA I 1
 Mc = 0  RA  L = M 4 2 D.FBC = 1
2
RA = M/L (upward ) BC 3 I 1
2
M 4 3
&RB  (downward)
L
Again Mc = 0 from right side Hence applied joint moment ‘M’ gets equally
 MB = RB  L distributed to members ‘BA’ and ‘BC’.
M  MBA = M/2, MBC = M/2
MB  L
L
 MB = M 11. Ans: (a)
Moment at B M Sol:
Carry over factor   =1
300 kNm
B C
Moment at A M A
3m 3m
09. Ans: (c)
Sol: D.F 1 0
Initial +300
A B moment
balance –300
L/2 L/2 moment
For prismatic beam with uniform EI,
carry over
–150
1 moment
The carry over factor =
2  Correct answer is 150 kN.m hogging.
Beam towards ‘A’ is more stiff (has more EI)
Beam towards ‘B’ is less stiff ( has less EI)
Carry over factor to ‘B’ is less than half
Shortcut:
4 EI
300 kN-m L A
3m 3m  1 B 2 EI
L
150 kN-m
4 EI
 1
2 EI L
L
300 kN-m
300 kN-m
3m  1  1 2 EI
2 EI
L L
300 kN-m
3m
Initially for  1 (clockwise) At A,
keeping ‘B’ fixed.
150 kN-m 4EI
300 kN-m M AB  (Clockwise)
(carry over) L
2EI
M BA  (Clockwise)
–Ve Or hogging moments L
Then allow  1 (anticlockwise)
+Ve Or sagging moments at B, keeping ‘A’ as fixed.
Now,
4EI
M BA  (anticlockwise)
12. Ans: (b) L
Sol: 2EI
K
M AB  (anti clockwise)
K L
If unit rotation at both ends, as shown
=l =l 4EI 2EI
M AB  
L L L
EI uniform 2EI
 (Clockwise)
We know that moment required to produce a L
unit rotation is called stiffness. 4EI 2EI
M BA  
L L
∵ Slope  = 1 at both ends
2EI
 (Anti clockwise)
L
2EI
Hence, K  M
L
13. Ans: (b) Consider the section passing through the

Sol:
2 3 middle of the beam ( xx)
  D
B
I
C
4 
A
1
 ∴  is present.
From the above diagram, it is seen that in the
2 3
member BC rotation is clock wise at B and
anticlockwise at C.
6EI
6EI ∴ B = C
L2
6EI L2
M 23  2
L 15. Ans : (b)
6EI Sol:
 2
4 2m , 2I
6EI 3m 2m I
 2I
16
Moment required for

14. Ans: (b)
D sway of right column
Sol:
6E I 6E I
x  2

I l 2 4
B 3
 E I  1.5 EI
B C C 2
l I
Moment required for sway of left column
6 2 EI  
x
A 
32
4
 E I  1.33 EI .
3

As the left column requires less moment for 17. Ans: (a)
sway compared to right column, the resistance Sol:
W W
of left column is less against sway. l/2 B l/2 C
A
Frame will sway towards left l/2 l/2 l/2 l/2
D.F
½ ½
16. Ans: (b)
Initial  wl  wl  wl  wl
Sol: moments 8 8 8 8
A
B
EI,L
Balance  wl
 wl
moments 8
8
EI,L WC  wl  wl
C.O 0 0
16 16
D  Final 0  3 wl  3 wl
Moments 0
16 16
Hint: As bar ‘BC’ is rigid it acts like sinking WL
Free moment at centre of AB =
fixed support. 4
6EI 6EI
Using the Moment distribution method
2 2
L L 3 wl
A B Moment at support B, MB =
16
The ratio of support moment at ‘B’ and free
12EI 3WL 4
L3 moment of AB =  = 0.75
16 WL
12EI
L3 18. Ans: (a)
A B C
Free body diagram of ‘AB’ Sol:
As seen from above F.B.D. the  reaction
developed at B is 12 EI /L3.
A B C
Similarly form F.B.D of ‘CD’ the  reaction

developed at ‘C’ is 12EI /L3.
from vertical equilibrium condition,
moments due
Wt. of rigid block W = 12EI /L +12EI /L 3 3 to external 0 0
load
= 24EI /L3
 down ward deflection  = WL3/24EI moments due
to sinking of 0
central support

The directions of moments at central support 20. Ans: 4

due to external load and sinking of central Sol: P
B C
support are shown.
Z
BZ = ZC
h EI=Constant
As seen above, the net central support
h>L
moment (negative moment) reduces. A D
From the fundamentals of redistribution of L

moments, if negative moment at central
support decreases, the positive (sagging) Free body diagrams of beam and columns are
moment at midspan increases. shown below.
19. Ans: 1
B I C
Sol: P
0.5I L/2
L I
6EI
Sway moment, MBA  Carry Carry
L2 over over
3E(0.5I)
Sway moment, MCD 
(0.5L) 2
The B.M.D of the frame is shown below.
6EI
=
L2 M M
M BA 2 3
 1
M CD
1 4
M/2 M/2
At the locations 1, 2,3and 4, the bending

moment is changing sign. Hence, four points
of contra flexure.

21. Refer GATE solutions Book.(2004) For the above beam unknown displacements
are the rotations at central support and right
22. Refer GATE solutions Book.(2006) end support.
R Y
X
Chapter‐ 7
Slope Deflection Method
For the above frame unknown displacements
are the rotation at rigid joint X and sway
01. Ans: (a)
deflection at right support Y.
Sol: In slope deflection method deformation due
to axial force and shear force are neglected.
04. Ans: (a)
Deformations due to flexure only are
2EI  3 
considered. Sol: MBA=  2 B  A  
L  L
Note:
02. Ans: (c)
Clock wise rotations are taken as +Ve.
Sol: No. of unknown joint displacements is the
Anti clock wise rotations are –Ve.
most appropriate option. Option (b) is
ambiguous as nothing is spelt about axial
 = relative sinking of right support with
deformations.
respect to left support. In the standard
equation right support is assumed to sink
03. Ans: (c)
more than left support and  is taken as +Ve.
Sol: The number of equilibrium equations is
In the given problem A is clock wise hence
= number of unknown joint displacements.
taken as positive. B is anti clock wise hence
taken as negative. Further right support sinks
P
less than that of left support.
For the above beam unknown displacement is A B

B
the rotation at central support only. A
A B
Q
/2


2EI  Free body diagrams of columns shown below.

 3 
M BA    2 .        
L  2 L2 
The joint moments are assumed clock wise
3EI
 2 B C
L MCD
MBA
4m 4m
05. Ans: (a)
A D
Sol: 15kN/m MAB MDC=0
HA HD
B D
C
5m 7m
For horizontal equilibrium  H = 0
HA+HD+P=0
M AB  M BA
HA 
8m 4m 4
 WL2 M CD  M DC M CD  0 M CD
Fixed end moment M BC  HD   
12 4 4 4
M BA  M AB M CD
15  8 2  P0
  80kN.m 4 4
12
2EI  3 
MBC = 2 B   C    M BC 07. Ans: (b)
L  L
Sol: 30 kN/m
2EI
M BC  2 B   C  0  80 Q R
8 3m
 0.25EI2 B   C   80
4m EI
06. Ans: (c)

P
Sol:
P B 4m C
At joint ‘Q’ relative stiffness
4m EI=Constant 4m M 30 3EI 4EI
=     2EI
  3 4
A hinge D
15
Q 
EI

08. Ans (a) C

Sol: Slope at ‘R’
20
2EI
MR = 0 = (2 R   Q )
3 5m
Q   Q  7.5
  QR  R   HD =0
2 2 EI MDC=0
(Sign neglected)
D
F.B.D of Column CD
09. Ans: 20
M CD  M DC
Sol: HD  =0
5
B C
20  M DC
=0
10 kN 5
5m
2.5 m
 MDC = 20 kN-m
A D
10 m Chapter- 8
Plastic Theory
For column AB, MB = 0
5HA=15 + 10 + 102.5
01. Ans: (d)
 HA = 10 kN  B
10kN.m Sol: Ductile materials like mild steel are used for
design using plastic theory. For ductile
2.5m
Applying  H=0 10kN materials plastic deformation before Fracture
HA+HD=10 is much larger than elastic deformation.
2.5m
HA
10 +HD =10 15kN.m
A 02. Ans: (c)
 HD = 0 F.B.D of Column AB Sol: Shape factor is the ratio of plastic moment
and yield (elastic) moment.
M P f y .Z P Z P
S  
Me f y .Z Z

We know that section modulus represents the Elastic N.A. distance from top of flange
strength of a section both in plastic and elastic A 1 Y1  A 2 Y2
ye =
theory. A1  A 2
100  20  10  100  20  70
As ZP > ZY for all sections, shape factor ye = = 40mm
2000  2000
indicates the increase of strengths of a section
due to plastic action over elastic strength. Plastic N.A. from top of flange;
Plastic N.A. divides the section in to two
Hence statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Shape factor is more if area near neutral axis equal areas.
is more (bulk area). Total area of the section = 4000mm2
For example : Half of area = 2000mm2
As the flange area is also equal to 2000mm2,
i) Consider a square section and circular
section of same area. the plastic neutral axis lies at the junction of
flange and web.
A A Plastic neutral axis distances from top
yp = 20mm
Scircle = 1.7 Ssquare = 1.5 Distance between plastic N.A.
ii) Refer solution of Problem 3: for I section and Elastic N.A = 40 – 20 = 20 mm
along Y axis area is more near neutral axis
Note: Better use calculations in cm to save time
compared to area near X axis. Hence shape
factor SYY > SXX 04. Ans: (a)
statement 3 is wrong.
05. Ans: (c)
Sol: Plastic moment MP = fy  zp
03. Ans: (d)
100
Sol: Given,
20 40 (1) MP = 120 kN.m
MP = fy  5  10-4
Yield stress
Plastic N.A. (2) 100
Elastic N.A. 120  10 6
fy = 4
 24  1010 N / m 2
5  10
20 = 240 N/mm2
06. Ans: (a) 07. Ans: (c)

Sol: Sol: fy
W h/4
X X h/4
lp
fy
lp b
Mep = M. R of elasto plastic section

l
= M.R. of elastic part + M.R.of Plastic part
Me = fy.Z + fy.Zp
2
b h bh 2
Mp
Zelastic part = .   
6 2 24
  h  h .h  3bh 2
From similar triangles, Zplastic part = 2 b    
  4  4 8  16
p 
 Mep = fy.Z + fy.Zp
(M p  M e ) Mp
 bh 2 3bh 2  11
= fi   = f y  bh 2
 24 16  48
( M p  M e )
p 
Mp Shortcut :
 1  M.R of fully plastic section = f.bh2/4
 p   1  
 S  M.R of fully elastic section = f.bh2/6
(Shape factor of I section  1.12  M.R of partly plastifyed section lies between
the above two values.
 1 
  1   (f.bh2/6) < Mep < f.bh2/4
 1.12 
 The denominator of the above value will be
 between 4 and 6. Hence by elimination
p 
8 technique option c.

08. Ans: (d) Deformation is just observed means the beam

Sol: Load factor (Q) is subjected to elastic failure with yield load
Factor of safety in elastic theory  shape factor (We=10kN/m)

1  additional % of stress allowed for wind Collapse load = 2  10 = 20kN/m
1.5  1.12
  1.4 10. Ans: (b)
1  0 .2
Sol:
09. Ans: (c)
1 l l 3
Sol:
2 l/2
l
MP MP
MP
W
Wc L M The given frame is symmetrical both in
 2M P  Wc  16 P …… (1)
8 L loading and configuration. The rigid block of
At the elastic limit, the centre moment is one- weight W will have uniform deflection.
half of the end moment. All the three wires will have same elongation.
2
WL Strain = change in length/original length
12
As central wire has half length compared to
WL2 end wires, the strain of central wire is two
We L M 24 times that of end wires. Hence the central
 Me  e
8 2 wire will reach the yield stress ‘fy’ initially.
12M e The end wires will have half the strain of that
 We  …… (2)
L
of middle wire. Hence they reach stress of
From eqs. (1) & (2) 0.5fy when the middle wire yields.
16M p The load corresponding to yielding of one of
Wc 4M P 4
 L  =  shape factor the wires
We 12M e 3M e 3
We = fy.A + 2(0.5fy) A = 2 fy.A
L
4 3 At plastic collapse the end wires will also
=  =2
3 2 reach yield stress fy.
(For rectangular section S = 1.5) When the end wires are yielding, the stress in
the middle wire remaines constant (fy).

collapse load = 3fy.A 13. Ans: (d)

ratio of collapse load and yield load = 3:2 Sol: W W
11. Ans: (a) MP MP

A B C
Sol: In all theories, viz. elastic theory, plastic
L/2 L/2 2L/3 L/3
theory and limit state theory, Bernouli’s
assumption is valid according to which “Plane The given continuous beam will have two
transverse sections which are plane and independent mechanisms. Both will behave
normal to the longitudinal axis before bending like propped cantilevers. Beam AB has
remain plane and normal after bending”. central point load which has more B.M.
It means compared to BC which has eccentric point
Strain variation load. Hence mechanism AB is sufficient to
is linear as shown know collapse load in objective papers.
aside
12. Ans: (a) P Mechanism AB:
Sol: Mp W B
2 Mp
A
L/2 L/2
L/2
L/2  Mp
MP 2MP

 
 
Mp Mp
 
MP MP
Wi = 3Mp
External workdone = Internal workdone L
We = W = W 
5 Mp = p × L/2 × 2
10M p We = Wi
p 6M p
L  Collapse load WC =
10M P L
Collapse load =
L

14. Ans: (d) 16. Ans: (c)

P
Sol: Sol: 3
2
l/2 2Mp 2Mp 4
A B 1
C 5
Z
Mp, L Mp, L
l l
BC will act like propped cantilever with

central point.
6M p Clock
Collapse load = P  wise
Anti
L 4
Clock
wise
5 4
15. Ans: (b) 5
Sol: Clock
L wise Clock
wise
L/2
DS = 4 –3 = 1
P  Two plastic hinges will form at failure for
Sway mechanism only possible. combined mechanism. One plastic hinge will
DS = 43 =1 form under point load ⑤ on the beam. The
Number of plastic hinges for collapse = 1+1 = 2 second plastic hinge will form at ④ on the
Plastic hinge and moment towards beam side column side of Lee ward side node of frame
only since no rotation towards vertical as column side has MP which is less than 2MP
column side. of beam.

 Mp
Reason for not having plastic hinge on

windward side: As seen in the combined
Mp
mechanism, the column and beam have
rotations in the same direction (clock wise)
and hence the initial included angle will not
P
change.
Wi = 2MP ; We = P. = P.L.
We = Wi Reason for having plastic hinge on Lee ward
2M P side: As seen in the combined mechanism, the
P 
L column and beam have rotations in the
opposite (column clock wise and beam anti (ii) Sway Mechanism:
clock wise) and hence the initial included Mp
Mp
angle changes leading to plastic hinge on W  
weaker side.  
17. Ans: (b) 


Sol: 2W
B C
W Mp Mp
L/2 E L/2
L/2 MP Wi = We  4Mp = W

L/2
A D L
4Mp = W 
L 2
8M P
W …. (ii)
(i) Beam Mechanism BC: L
(iii) Combined Mechanism:
2W
Mp B
C
Mp 2W MP
 
W 
 1  
   MP
 
Mp Mp
Mp E Mp  
L
We = 2W. = 2W.  .
2 Mp Mp
Wi = 4Mp. We = W1 + 2W

L L
= W.  . + 2W.  .
Wi = We 2 2
4M P Wi = MP. + MP. + MP. + MP. + MP.+ MP.
W …. (i)
L = 6MP.
We = Wi
4M p
W  …. (iii)
L

∴Collapse load is the minimum of above three 02. Ans: (c)

cases Sol:
120 kN
4M p 0.4L 0.6L
 WC 
L
The maximum B.M @ a section occurs if the

Short cut:
point load is @ the section.
Compared to the columns, the beam has
double the length and double the load. Hence
Wab W  0.4L  0.6L
practically the beam mechanism will govern Maximum B.M = 
L L
the collapse.
= 0.24 WL
Chapter‐ 9 03. Ans: (b)

Rolling Loads & Influence Lines Sol:
A B
M
x
01. Ans: (a)
Sol: 2 t /m l

M M
A B RA =  RB =
4m 12m L L
Take moment at the distance ‘x’ from support

A
¾ (+)
M
(–)
¼  Mx = M  .x
L
When x = L, Mx = 0
S.F @ = Intensity of u.d.l  area of I.L.D
When x = 0, Mmax = Mx = M
under u.d.l
1 3 1 1  04. Ans: (c)
Max Vx  2   12    4 = 8t
2 4 2 4 

05. Ans: (b) 08. Refer GATE Solutions Book

Sol:
60kN100kN120kN 09. Ans: (c)
80 kN 40 kN
3 m3 m 3 m 3 m
C B Sol:
A
x D
A B
15 m 25 m
L 3L
0.25x 0.75x
ab 15 25 4 4
=
 40 ab Average load on AD = Avg load on BD
=9.375 m
= 9.375 m 
The ratio of AD : DB =1:3
 ¾th of u.d. l has to cross the quarter section ‘D’.
Place 40 kN on section C
40 10. Ans: (b)
Avg load on LHS 
25 Sol: A B C D
E
80  60  100  120 40
  22.4 kN
15 25 hinge
 Allow to 40 kN to cross C and place 120 kN
on section C 1.5
1.0
80  60  100 40  120 1.0
  9.60  0
15 25
Apply Muller Breslau’s principle. To draw
I.L.D for support RC, apply unit vertical
 Allow to 120 kN to cross C and place 100 kN
displacement at ‘C’. To the left of hinge ‘B’,
on section C
simple support ‘A’ exists which cannot offer
80  60 40  120  100
 =  1.06<0 resistance against rotation but offers
15 25
resistance against vertical displacement only.
Avg load LHS Avg load on RHS
Hence hinge ‘B’ rises linearly as shown.
Support ‘D’ only can rotate. Free end ‘E’ can
 Place 100 kN on C and other load in their
have vertical deflection also. Ordinates are
respective position maximum BM at C
proportional to distances as the I.L.D for
determinate structures are linear.
06. Refer GATE Solutions Book
07. Refer GATE Solutions Book

11. Ans: (d) 13. Ans: (b)

Sol: x Sol:
A B C D E
For minimum positive moment at ‘x’ shown

(mid point of second span), no load on second
 At x-x the I.L.D has vertical ordinate with span but u.d.l on alternative spans shall be
change in sign from one side to the other side. provided.
It is the character of I.L.D for shear force.  Positive moment at ‘x’ means sagging in the
 Using Muller Breslau’s principle, release the second span. As minimum positive moment is
shear constraint by assuming shear hinge at required, don’t place the load on the second
‘x’. The deflected profile is the I.L.D shown. span. Further to counter sagging in second
span place the u.d.l on alternative spans (1, 3
12. Ans: (a)
and 5)
Sol: A C
B
+   concept can be easily understood by seeing
1/2 1/2
the deflection profile shown using pattern
A B C loading.
+ 1/8
Common Data for Questions 14 & 15
Apply unique rotation at ‘B’ by assuming a
hinge. The deflection profile is the I.L.D for
C D E F G
moment at ‘B’.
Note: as A and B are fixed A = B = 0
To calculate ordinate at ‘B’ assume unit load A B
is applied at ‘B’. Due to this the B.M at ‘B’ = H I J K L
L=54 m
L / 8. Further fixed beam being statically
indeterminate structure, the I.L.D will be non-
linear.

14. Ans: (c) Take moment about A MA = 0

Sol: 40  Vb = 100  8  8/2
Vb = 80 kN
MC = 0, from RHS
1
80  20 = HB  8
I.L.D for axial force in the member ‘CH’ HB = 200 kN
Design force for member CH

02. Ans: (b)
= Intensity of u.d.l  area of I.L.D under w
Sol:
u.d.l
1  C
= (10 + 20)   18  1 = 270 kN (tension) R
2 
15. Ans: (d) H = wR H = wR
2 2
Sol: The frame shown is through type truss in R R
which loads will be transferred to the bottom
joints. Hence no load is possible at joint ‘E’. w.R w.R
Hence at ‘E’ three forces exists of which two

Mc = 0
are in the same line, hence the third force ‘EJ’
H.R = wR.R – wR. R/2
is zero.
wR 2
H R = wR2– = HR
Chapter‐ 10 2
Arches & Cables wR
H
2
03. Ans: (c)
01. Ans: (a) Sol:
Sol: 100 kN/m B C
C
8m
4m 10 kN/m
A HB
B
20m 20m Vb
A D
20 kN/m
5m VD
VA
Similarly taking moments on right portion

As the support are at same level, the vertical
reactions can be worked to similar to that of about C,
S.S beam  VB   2  H  h 2  w ( 22 ) / 2  0
MD = 0 from left h  w 2

 VB  H. 2   …….. (2)
5VA = 10  4 2 = 80 kN  VA = 16 kN  2  2
Apply V = 0,
04. Ans: (a)
VA + VB = w(l1 + l2) = wl
w kN/m
Sol:
Substitute VA and VB in above equation
C w 1 h   h  w 2
 H 1   H 2    w
h1 2  1   2  2
h2
A h h     2 
H 1  2   w  1   w
l1  1  2   2 
B
h h     w
l2 H 1  2   w  w   
 1  2  2 2
Equation for parabola
l can be taken as
x2
= constant
y Substitute l1 and l2 in above equation
x  
  constant  
y  h1 h2  w
 H  
  1   2     h1    h2   2
 1  2     




h1 h2 h1  h 2 h1  h 2  h1  h 2
   h 1  h 2  
 1 
 h1
and  2 
 h2

H ( h1  h 2 ) h1  h 2 ( h1  h 2 )   w 2
2
h1  h 2 h1  h 2
Taking moments on left portion about C w 2

H 
2( h 1  h 2 ) 2
 VA   1  H  h 1  w ( 12 ) / 2  0
w 1 Hh 1
 VA   …….. (1)
2 1

05. Ans: (b) 160  12 160  4

1 kN/m  VA = VB 
Sol: 16 16
C = 120 = 40 kN
A
8m Take Mc = 0 H  4 = 40  8
5m  H = 80 kN.m
1m
VA
B Calculation of vertical ordinate at section ‘D’
10m HB
where the point load is acting
HB = 1500 N
4h
VB y ( x)(l - x)
l2
Supports are at different levels Mc = 0 4 4
  (4)  (16  4)
from right 16 2
Vb  10 = 5 Hb Vb = 0.5 Hb …. (1) 1
=  4  12  3m
16
Mc = 0, from left.
4HA + 1  8  4 =VA  8 Note: The height at quarter of a parabola is
= 3h/4
VA = 0.5HA + 4 …. (2)
Va + Vb = 8  1 = 8 MD = 120  4 – 80  3 = 480 – 240
= 240 kN-m
HA = Hb = H
07. Ans: (b)
Va + Vb = 0.5 Hb + 0.5Ha + 4 W
Sol:
Va +Vb = H + 4 C
R1
8=H+4 H = 4 kN R2
A
06. Ans: (c) B
160 kN
Sol: R1 R2
4m
C
MC = 0 from left
D 4m
VA.R1= H.R1  VA = H
H
A
B H Similarly VB = H
8m
VA + VB = 2H = W
16m VB = 40 kN
W
120 kN= VA H=
2

08. Ans: (d) 09. Ans: (d)

Sol: 1 Sol: When resolved it can be axial force
x C
h B
A
H H
VA L
VB
L Catenaries shape
4h If load is along
Parabolic shape the length
If load is along
ILD for H horizontal span
Assume a unit load rolls on the span from left

to right. The horizontal and vertical reactions
will change at the supports as the load moves
on the span.
Assume the unit load be at a distance x from A.
Load transferred from cross girders to the
Then longitudinal girder in cable bridges.
Lx x
VA = and VB = 10. Ans: (b)
L L
Sol: Figure shows an arch (either two-hinged or
Assume H=The horizontal thrust at supports. three-hinged arch) subjected to an external
Apply MC = 0 from right load system. Consider any section X.
x L Consider the equilibrium of the part AX of
H.h = .
L 2 the arch. This part is in equilibrium under the
x action of the following
H =
2h i) Reaction Va and H at A
For horizontal thrust to be maximum ii) External loads between A and X
L iii) Reacting forces VX and HX provided by the
x= i.e., at the crown.
2 part XB on the part XA at X
L iv) Reacting moment (bending moment) at X.
 Maximum horizontal reaction of is
4h
Resolving the forces on the part AX vertically
possible if the load is at the crown.
and horizontally, we can determine the
vertical and the horizontal reacting forces VX
and HX at D.

P1 P2 11. Ans: (c)

X C
w l wl
Sol:  H max .h  .  H max  s
2 2 4h
y
(due to rolling point load)
H x H
A B  In the problem, here. Place 20 kN at
Va VX C
P1  P2 Vb centre.
10 20
y
H x H
A B
Va Vb 4m
5
S Pn
M
12.5 kN 12.5 kN
Mc = 0
Arch section subjected to normal thrust Pn
radial shear S, bending moment M. 12.5  10 = H  4
12.5  10
H= = 31.25 kN
4
Let the tangent to the centre line of the arch at
12. Ans: (b)
X be inclined at  to the horizontal.
wl 20  16
The component of the reacting forces at X Sol: V    160 kN
2 2
perpendicular to the tangent at X is called the
Shear Force (or) Radical Shear at X. wl 2 20  16
H 
8h 8 4
 Shear at X= S
= 160 kN V TMax
= HX sin –VX sin (or) VX cos –HX sin
The component of reacting forces at X along

H H
the tangent X is called the Normal thrust at X.
 Normal thrust at X = Pn = HXcos +VXsin

TMin= H
(HX = H) from F.B.D 20 kN/m
(Neglecting sign)
16 m

Tmax  V 2  H 2  160 2 kN 14. Ans: (b)

VB
Sol:
Tmin = H = 160 kN
VA
B
A H
13. Ans: (c)
H 3m
Sol: When unit load is in b/w A and C
Considering RHS of C. 2m
C
L
H  h = VB 
2
8m 12m
x L 1 x
H    10 kN/m
L 2 h 2h
When unit load is in b/w C and B.

Mc = 0, from left
Considering LHS
VA  8 = H  2 + 10  8  4
L
VA   H  h VA = 0.25 H + 40 …. (1)
2
Mc = 0 from right
(L  x ) L L  x
H   12Vb = 3H + 10  12  6
L 2h 2h
Vb = 0.25H + 60 …. (2)
Va+ Vb = 200 kN
C
400 = 0.25H + 40 + 0.25 H +60
HB 400 = 0.5 H + 100
HA A
B  H = 200 Kn
VA VB
15. Ans: (c)

L/4h Sol: H = 200 kN
Vb = 0.25  200 + 60= 110 kN
Maximum tension occurs at highest support
(B)
 Tmax. = H 2  Vb 2  110 2  200 2

k21 = force developed at 1 due to unit rotation

Chapter- 11 at
Matrix Methods
k21 = k12 = 0.5 EI
01. Ans: (b) 3EI 0.5EI 

 k   

1
Sol: d  0.5EI 2EI
EI
d1 EI 2

d 2 EI 1 03. Ans: (d)
d1 2EI Sol:

d2 EI 1
d2 = d1/2 2
A B
L C L
02. Ans: (d)
Sol: 6EI 6EI 6EI
2I I 2I  2 0
D l2 l2 l
A C
B 6EI 6EI
l2 l2
4m 4m 8m 6EI 3EI 3EI
   2  2
Assume restrained structure at 1 & 2 l2 l l
A B C D
For portion AC () RB
6EI 6EI
 2
= l 2
l  12EI
Restrain at ‘C’. Apply unit rotation at B
l l3
A B C D 3EI 3EI
For portion BC( ) RB =  3
l3 l
4m 12EI 3EI 15EI
4m K11 =  3  3
l3 l l
Consider BC
 3EI
K21 =
4EI C l2
 EI
4
0.5 EI
B

Allow unit defection in the direction 1 only.
6EI 6
2EI 
l2 L2
6EI d
3EI
l2 l2 24EI
L3
d1 =1
12 EI
4 EI L2
l 3EI
l 24EI
24EI L3
 k11 
4EI 3EI 7 EI L3
K22 =  
l l l With this value of k11 only option (a).
 6EI 3EI  3EI
K12 = 2
 2 =
l l l2 05. Ans: (d)
 15EI  3EI  Sol:
 K11 K12   l 3 l2  1
K=   7 EI  Stiffness 
K 21` K 22    3EI  flexibility
 l2 l 
04. Ans: (a) [K]  Stiffness matrix
Sol: []  flexibility matrix

l
 [k] [] =I
I
 Flexibility matrix [] = [k]-1
2I l 2EI  2  1
Given [k] =
L  1 2 
L  2  1
  = k  
1
Initially restrain the structure @ 6EI  1 2 

co-ordinates 1 & 2.

Structural Analysis

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(v) In a member, there should not be more than

(iii) All supports are roller,

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04. Ans: (a) 06. Ans: 19 A

As the two supports are hinged total no. of

07. Ans: (d)

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Ds = Dse + Dsi – no.of force releases Moment releases at ‘C’ = 1

08. Ans: (a) E

Reaction at fixed support = 3

Reaction at spring support = 1 Sol:

Using the formula

D.O.F of hinged joint ‘1’ = 5 06. Ans: 9 or 5

D.O.F of 2 rigid joints =23=6

Neglecting axial deformations = 22 –10 = 12 possible)

05. Ans: 20 or 13 Total D.O.F or Dk = 6 + 0 + 2 +1 =9

2 1 Neglecting axial deformations = 9 – 4 = 5

Note: The effect of diagonal member shall not be

Total D.O.F or Dk = 4 + 4 + 9 +1+2 = 20

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D.O.F of two rigid joints =23=6 10. Ans: (b)

Note: At each rigid joint one independent rotation

D.O.F of 1 rigid joint =13=3 Sign convention for forces

Note: As no sway the axial deformation of two

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05. Ans: (c)

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10. Ans: (c) Reactions are VA =10 kN ,

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13. Ans: (b)

FBE joint displacement (degrees of freedom).

FAE It is nothing but kinematic Indeterminacy.

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02. Ans: (b) 05. Ans: (b)

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WL3 FBD of BC:

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(Q= 0 as it is imaginary force) l

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08. Ans: (b) 10. Ans: (d)

11. Ans: (d)

Apply unit horizontal load at ‘C’. B

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14. Ans: (c)

13. Ans: (c)

 ij = deflection @ ‘i’ due to unit load at ‘j’ I

Maxwell’s theorem independent of EI.

02. Ans: (c) 04. Ans: (b)

4EI 3EI 4EI 11EI

B Consider free body diagram of ‘BC’

Moment at ‘D’ transferred from over hang, 2M l

1 PL PL Load is acting at center of the beam.

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08. Ans: (d) 10. Ans: (a)

RA=M/L RB= M/L

13. Ans: (b) Consider the section passing through the

Moment required for

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The directions of moments at central support 20. Ans: 4

From the fundamentals of redistribution of L

At the locations 1, 2,3and 4, the bending