HISTORY

HISTORY

✓Study of the past event

✓Inquiry

✓Pre Colonial - Colonial - Post Colonial

KASAYSAYAN

SAYSAY - value or relevance

SALAYSAY - narattive

"Ang KASAYSAYAN ay SALAYSAY na may SAYSAY para sa SINASALAYSAY nito,"

Dr. Zeus Salazar

OUTLINE NG PANTAYONG PANANAW

PANTAYONG PANANAW- Filipino Perspective by Dr. Zeus Salazar

Ipinagpapalagay ng Pantayong Pananaw na ang ating kasaysayan (at ang

pagbubuo nito) ay lagi na lamang batbat ng nga diskursong maka-kanluranin ang
oryentasyon (Eurocentric). Ang ibig sabihin, ang lahat ng pagpapaliwanag ukol sa
pinagmulan at pag unlad ng ating kabihasnan ay nakatali sa impluwensiya ng
kanluranin (lalo na mga mananakop na Kastila at Amerikano) na nagdala sa
Pilipinas ng Teorya, metodolohiya o pamamaraan sa pag aaral ng kasaysayan,
kultura at kabihasnang Pilipino bilang mga pananaw sa pagsusuri ng kultura at
lipunan maging kamalayang Pilipino.

Hindi lamang pananaw at pamamaraan ng pag-aaral ang naimpluwensiyahan ng

mga dayuhang mananakop. Higit nitong naimpluwensiyahan ang kamalayan at
diwa ng mga Pilipino na nagresulta sa pagkakahati ng ating lipunan sa dalawang
magkaibang kultura:

1. AKULTURADONG GRUPO NG MGA TAO (ELIT) - tangan tangan ang

impluwensiya ng kulturang banyaga o mananakop

2. BAYAN - yakap yakap ang taal ng kalinangang Pilipino

Ito ang lumikha ng "Dambuhalang Pagkakahating Pangkalinangan sa Pilipinas"

(iisang bansa, dalawang magkaibang kultura at kamalayan) na naging dahilan kung
bakit nananatiling hati ang Kapilipinuhan.

PANTAYONG PANANAW - Dr. Zeus Salazar

Pantayong Pangkaming Pansilang Pantayong

Pananaw Pananaw Pananaw Pananaw

Wikang Filipino Banyaga Banyaga Banyaga

Ginamit

NAGSASALITA Pilipino Pilipino Banyaga Banyaga

PAKSA Kasaysayan Kasaysayan ng Kasaysayan ng Kasaysayan ng

ng Pilipinas Pilipinas Pilipinas Pilipinas

PERSPEKTIBA Pilipino Maka-Pilipino Banyaga Maka-

Banyaga /
Pilipino

KINAKAUSAP Pilipino Banyaga Banyaga Pilipino

KASAYSAYAN

• isang makabuluhang sanaysay tungkol sa nakaraan

• nakaraan, nasaksihan, naalala, at naitala

Layon ng Kasaysayan

✓Upang maintindihan ang sarili

✓Upang maunawaan ang kasalukuyan

✓maitama ang mali sa nakaraan

✓basehan ng ibat-ibang disiplina

POSITIVISM - pananaw ng kasaysayan na nakatuon sa dokumento.

-"No document, No History."

ANNALES
- (french school of thought)
— create the 'total history'
— A group of historians associated with style of historiography developed by
french historians in 20th century to stress long term social history.

PSYCHOHISTORY
— interpretation of historical events with aid of psychological theory.
— MICHAEL FOUCAULT (History of Psychoanalysis)

GEOHISTORY
— history interpreted on the basis of geographic factors
— FERNAND BRAUDEL ( The Origin of Geohistory in Works of Fernand Braudel)

Other important works:

HISTORY FROM BELOW by Reynaldo Ileto

— Type of Historical Narrative which account for historical events from
perspective of COMMON PEOPLE rather than LEADERS.

CHALLENGE AND RESPONSE THEORY by Arnold Toynbee

— Explain how civilization rise and fall

DECLINE OF THE WEST by Oswald Spengler

— Downfall of the Occident

FACTS ABOUT OUR NATIONAL VIEW OF HISTORY

✓The research on Philippine national history by Filipinos had to come to a

confrontation with colonialist ideologies.

✓Beginning of the research took place in the period of the Propaganda Movement
which preceded the Philippine revolution.
TRIPARTITE VIEW OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY

1. Philippine history can be divided into three parts, precolonial, colonial and
postcolonial.

2. The Filipino view has been worked out before the Spaniards were driven out of
the country during the times of Propaganda movement.

3. The historical vision of Spain in the Philippines was bipartite, with the condition
of the Indios in the prehispanic past its first epoch and, the advent of Spain and
the spread of its civilizing influences as the second.

4. The educated indio or mestizo cannot accept this view of history. Hence, they
brought into being a tripartite view of Philippine history.

5. For Rizal, the third epoch of the tripartite in Philippine history is one of
nationhood, of nationality evolving out of ethnic diversity

6. Rizal’s second enoch (colonial period) was not, in which Spain fulfilled a
“civilizing” mission. For Filipinas, it was in fact a period of decline.

7. Rizal typically had the most comprehensive tripartite view of Philippine history.

Rizals historical view of history for the Filipino people

✓Aims to reveal the evils of colonial rule and to find a solution for the evils in the
future.

✓lso aims to reveal the history of Filipino’s pre-conquest past.

✓Rejects the history of Filipinos portrayed by colonialists and provided a new view.

✓Was able to foresee the inevitability of national independence and foster the
development of national consciousness.

✓The reason Rizal wants a nationalist view of history is to enlighten the masses
and develop a love for the fatherland.

I. PERSPECTIVE OF WRITER IS BASED UPON:

1. Entrada

2. Reduccion

3. Doctrina

✓Entrada - Militar na Pamamaraan (Military Entrance)

a. Sandugo sa Kastila — Nagpapasailalim ang mga Pilipino sa Kastila

B. Sandugo sa Pilipino — Pakikipagkaibigan

✓Reduccion

— (resettlement) 'plaza complex' (Ang mga Pilipinong nasa labas ng Plaza

Xomplex ay itinuturing na remontados o tulisan.

— tumutukoy sa lugar kung saan inilagay ang mga katutubo ng bansang sinakop
ng Espanya

— Isinasagawa ito ng mananakop upang mapadali ang sistema ng pagpili ng alipin

o utusan na kakailanganin at ikalat ang kristiyanismo upang kuhanan ng buwis at
alay na salapi.

✓Doctrina

— pagtuturo ng nilalaman na aral ng Kristiyanismo

II. TATLONG LAYUNIN KUNG BAKIT MAY EKSPIDISYON (3G)

1. GOLD (KAYAMANAN)

2. GLORY (KATANYAGAN)

3. GOD (PAGPAPALAGANAP NG KRISTIYANISMO)

III. PAANO NAGING KRISTIYANO ANG MGA PILIPINO?

Sagot: Dahil sa Evangelism

IV. 1493-1898 PAPAL BULL

— Portugese and Spanish was given a chance to separate the world

— SPHERE OF INFLUENCE

V. 15th – 16th Century

× AUSTRONESIAN — pinaniniwalaang kaunaunahang nakatuklas sa Pilipinas.

× MOLUCAS – 'SPICE ISLAND' pinakamahalaga noon dahil sa preserbasyon