Qur’aanic Arabic Advanced level

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹺﺒ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﻲ ﺍﻝﱡﻠ ﹶﻐ‬‫ﻡ ﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴ‬

NOUNS IN ARABIC

The Arabic word can be: A noun, a verb or a particle.

Particle ‫ﻑﹲ‬‫ﺤﺭ‬
 Verb ٌ‫ل‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ Noun ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﺴ‬
Preposition :‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻑ‬
‫ ﹸ‬‫ﺤﺭ‬

Past tense ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻤﺎﻀ‬ ‫ل ﺍﻝ‬
ُ ‫ﻔﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬ Human ‫ِﺇﻨﹾﺴﺎﻥ‬
..‫ ﺇﻝﻰ‬،‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ ﻋ‬،‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬
Conjunction :‫ﻑ‬
 ‫ﻋﻁﹾ‬
 ‫ﻑ‬
‫ ﹸ‬‫ﺤﺭ‬
َ Present
‫ﻉ‬
 ‫ﻀﺎ ﹺﺭ‬‫ل ﺍﻝﹾﻤ‬
ُ ‫ﻔﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬ Animal ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬‫ﺤﻴ‬

..‫ ﻓـ‬،‫ ﹸﺜﻡ‬،‫ ﺃﻭ‬،‫ﻭ‬ tense
Negation
‫ ﻻ‬:‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﻨﻔﹾ ﹴ‬
‫ ﹸ‬‫ﺤﺭ‬
 Command ‫ ﹺﺭ‬‫ﻷﻤ‬
َ‫لﺍ‬
ُ ‫ﻓﻌ‬ Solid ‫ﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺠ‬

Calling Particle ‫ ﻴﺎ‬:‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬‫ﻑ ﻨ‬
‫ ﹸ‬‫ﺤﺭ‬
 Plant ‫ﺒﺎﺕﹲ‬ ‫ﹶﻨ‬
Etc. Place ‫ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎﻥ‬

Time ‫ﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬

Adjective ‫ﺼ ﹶﻔﺔﹲ‬


Pronoun ‫ﻴﺭ‬‫ﻀﻤ‬

Demons-
trative
‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻡ ﺇِﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴ‬
Relative
Pronoun
ٌ‫ﻭل‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﺴ‬

Etc.

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Qur’aanic Arabic Advanced level

How to recognize a noun?

1- It can have Tanween ‫( ﹶﺘﻨﹾﻭﹺﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﹶﻝﺩ‬ )
2- It can have ‫ﺍل‬ of definition ‫ﻑ‬
 ‫ﺭﹺﻴ‬‫ﺩ( ﺍل ﺍﻝ ﱠﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻝ‬ ‫)ﺍﻝﹾ‬
3- It can have a calling particle ‫ﺩﺍﺀ‬‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫ ﹸ‬‫ﺤﺭ‬
 before (‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬ )
4- It can have a preposition ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻑ‬
‫ ﹸ‬‫ﺤﺭ‬
 before (‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ )
5- It can show possession ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ِﺇﹶﻝﻴ‬ ‫ﺎﻑﹲ‬‫ﻤﻀ‬ (‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﹾ‬
‫ ﹸ‬‫ﺒﻴ‬ ،‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ ﹸ‬‫ﺒﻴ‬ )
*In Arabic possession is expressed - in most cases - by a noun without ‫ﺕ( ﺍل‬
‫ ﹸ‬‫ﺒﻴ‬ )
(the thing possessed/owned) followed by another noun that has ‫ﺩ( ﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻝ‬ ‫)ﺍﻝﹾ‬ or a

proper name (‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻤ‬

‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ) (The possessor/owner). In few cases the possessor
comes indefinite.
6- It can have ‫ﻭﻁﺔﹲ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓﺔﹲ( ﺘﺎﺀ‬‫ﻏﺭ‬
‫)ﹸ‬
7- We can give information ‫ﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
‫ ﹶ‬about it (‫ﻤﻴﹶﻠﺔﹲ‬‫ﺕ ﺠ‬
‫)ﺍﻝﹾ ﹺﺒﻨﹾ ﹸ‬

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Qur’aanic Arabic Advanced level

The types of nouns

1- Definite or indefinite
Definite ‫ ﹺﺭ ﹶﻓﺔﹲ‬‫ﻤﻌ‬ Indefinite ‫ﺭﺓﹲ‬
 ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﹶﻨ‬
When the noun is specific. When the noun is
Examples of the most common types of nouns:
not specific: ‫ﹺﺒﻨﹾﺕﹲ‬
1- Proper noun ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻌﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬: ‫ﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬
2- The nouns starting with ‫ ﺍل‬of definition: ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬
3- The noun added to a definite noun to give
meaning of possession ‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﱠﺎِﻝ ﹺ‬
 ‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎ‬ (The book of the
student) the word ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎ‬ here is definite because it is
followed by a definite possessor.
4- The pronoun ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻀﻤ‬
 ‫ﺍﻝ‬: ...‫ﺕ‬
‫ َﺃﻨﹾ ﹶ‬،‫ﻫﻡ‬ ،‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫ‬
5- Demonstrative ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﺎ‬
‫ﻡ ﺍﻹ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﺴ‬: ...‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺅُﻻ‬ ،‫ﻫﺫﹶﺍ‬
6- Relative Pronoun ‫ل‬
ُ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴ‬: ...‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬‫ ﺍﱠﻝﺫ‬،‫ﻱ‬‫ﺍﱠﻝﺫ‬
7- The human, animal or anything we call (‫ﻤ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﻁ‬
 ‫ﻓﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫)ﻴ‬

2- Conjugated or built on one form

- Conjugated ‫ﺭﺏ‬
 ‫ﻤﻌ‬ : means that the last mark of the noun will change
when it comes in a different position in the sentence.

Ex. ‫ﺏ‬
‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻲ ﺍﻝﹾ‬‫ﺭُﺃ ﻓ‬ ‫ﺏ – َﺃﻗﹾ‬
 ‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺭُﺃ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ – َﺃﻗﹾ‬‫ﻴﺩ‬‫ﻤﻔ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬
Notice the difference of the last mark in the word ‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎﺏ‬ ‫ ﺍﻝﹾ‬in each example.
- Built on one form ‫ﻲ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﺒ‬ : means that the noun will have the same mark on
the last letter, even if its position changes.
Ex. The pronoun ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ (he) is, in all cases ending with a Fat-hah ‫ﺤﺔﹲ‬ ‫ﹶﻓﺘﹾ‬

〈 uθèδ āωÎ) tµ≈s9Î) Iω ”Ï%©!$# ª!$# uθèδ 

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Qur’aanic Arabic Advanced level

The pronouns, the demonstratives, the relative pronouns are examples of the
most common ‫ﻲ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﺒ‬ nouns.

a- The pronouns ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺌ‬‫ﻀﻤ‬

 ‫ﺍﻝ‬
All pronouns with no exception are built on one form ‫ﻲ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﺒ‬
For more details, please see file about “Arabic Pronouns”. Download from here.
http://quranicarabic.wordpress.com/quraanic-arabic/quraanic-arabic-
advanced-level/

b - The demonstratives ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺀ ﺍ ِﻹﺸﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫َﺃﺴ‬

‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺏ‬

 ‫ﺍﻝﹾ ﹶﻘﺭﹺﻴ‬
That/Those This/These

‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﺫ ﱠﻜ‬ ‫ﺩ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﹾ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻙ‬

 ‫ﹶﺫِﻝ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻤ َﺅﻨﱠﺜ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻝ‬‫ﻤﻔﹾﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻙ‬
 ‫ﺘﻠﹾ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﺫ ﱠﻜ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻙ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ ﹺ‬‫ ﻫ ﹶﺫﻴ‬/ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺫﺍ ﹺ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ﻤ َﺅ ﱠﻨ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻙ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ ﹺ‬‫ ﻫﺎ ﹶﺘﻴ‬/ ‫ﻫﺎ ﹶﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺙ‬
 ‫ﻤ َﺅ ﱠﻨ‬ ‫ ﺍﻝ‬/ ‫ﻤ ﹶﺫ ﱠﻜ ﹺﺭ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺠﻤ‬
 ‫ﻙ‬
 ‫ﹶﻝ ِﺌ‬‫ُﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺅُﻻ‬

All demonstratives are ‫ﻲ‬

 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﺒ‬ except those for the ‫ﻤ ﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ ﺍﻝﹾ ﹶﻘﺭﹺﻴﺏ‬ they follow the
same conjugation of dual nouns.

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Qur’aanic Arabic Advanced level

c- The relative pronouns ‫ﻭ ﹶﻝ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺀ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺍ َﻷﺴ‬

‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﺫ ﱠﻜ‬ ‫ﺩ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﹾ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺍﱠﻝﺫ‬

‫ﻤ َﺅﻨﱠﺜ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻝ‬‫ﻤﻔﹾﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺍﱠﻝﺘ‬

‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﺫ ﱠﻜ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻥ‬

‫ ﹺ‬‫ ﺍﻝﱠﻠ ﹶﺫﻴ‬/‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﱠﻠﺫﹶﺍ ﹺ‬

‫ﺙ‬
‫ﻤ َﺅ ﱠﻨ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ ﹺ‬‫ ﺍﻝﱠﻠ ﹶﺘﻴ‬/‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﱠﻠﺘﹶﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻤ ﹶﺫ ﱠﻜ ﹺﺭ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺠﻤ‬
 ‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ﺫِﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﱠﻝ‬
‫ﺙ‬
 ‫ﻤ َﺅ ﱠﻨ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺠﻤ‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌِﻲ‬/‫ﻲ‬‫ﺍﻝﻼﺘ‬
Human ‫ل‬
ُ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
Non human ‫ل‬
ِ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻝﹾﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﹶﻴ‬
(but can be used for ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬
human in some cases)

All relative pronouns are ‫ﻲ‬

 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﺒ‬ except those for dual; they follow the same
conjugation of dual nouns.

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Qur’aanic Arabic Advanced level

3- Singular, dual or plural nouns

In English, a noun may be singular or plural. Plural refers to more than one.

In Arabic, a noun may be singular, dual or plural. Plural refers to more than two.

The Singular ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬

 ‫ﻤﻔﹾ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬:
The singular is what shows one masculine or one feminine.
Ex. ‫ل‬
ٍ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ،‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺠﹰ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ،ٌ‫ﺠل‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ / ‫ﺏ‬
‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ ﺍﻝﹾ‬،‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎ‬ ‫ ﺍﻝﹾ‬،‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬

The conjugation of a singular noun is:

The Cases Examples for positions under different Mark of the last
(‫ﺎﹶﻝ ﹸﺔ‬‫)ﺍﻝﹾﺤ‬ cases letter

First noun in a sentence :ٌ‫ﺩﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺘ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬

‫ﻤﺔﹲ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
َ
‫ﻓﹸﻭﻉ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ Information about the ٌ‫ﺩﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺘ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬ :‫ﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
‫ﹶ‬
(‫ﻭﹶﻝﺩ‬ )
Doer of the verb :ٌ‫ﻋل‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬
Object :‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭلٌ ﹺﺒ‬‫ﻤﻔﹾﻌ‬
‫ﺤﺔﹲ‬
َ ‫ﹶﻓﺘﹾ‬
‫ﻭﺏ‬‫ﻤﻨﹾﺼ‬ A noun that shows the time or :‫ﻑﹲ‬‫ﻅﺭ‬
‫ﹶ‬
(‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﹶﻝﺩ‬ )
the place
Noun after preposition :‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﹴ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﺴ‬ ‫ﺭﺓﹲ‬ ‫َﹶﻜﺴ‬
‫ﻭﺭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬
Noun showing the possessor :‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﻑﹲ ﺇﹶﻝﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬ (‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻝ‬ )

For an easy explanation of the different cases of Arabic Grammar, please go to

http://quranicarabic.wordpress.com/2010/04/10/quraanic-arabic-lesson-3/

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Qur’aanic Arabic Advanced level

The Dual ‫ﻤ ﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬:

The dual noun is formed from the singular, by adding ‫ﻭﻨﹸﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ( ﺃَﻝﻑ‬
‫ )ـﺎ ﹺ‬when the
noun is ‫ﻓﹸﻭﻉ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬
 and ‫ﻭﻨﹸﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬‫ﻥ( ﻴ‬
‫ ﹺ‬‫ـﻴ‬
َ ) - with a ‫ ﹶﻓﺘﹾﺤﺔ‬before ‫ ﻴﺎﺀ‬- when the noun is
‫ﻭﺏ‬‫ﻤﻨﹾﺼ‬ or ‫ﻭﺭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬
Ex. ‫ﻥ‬
‫ ﹺ‬‫ﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻥ َﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻝﹶﺩﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﹶﺩ‬ / ‫ﻥ‬
‫ ﹺ‬‫ﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ َﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎﺒﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎﺏ‬
When changing a singular noun ending with ‫ﻁﺔﹲ‬
‫ﻭ ﹶ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ ‫ ﺘﺎﺀ‬to dual, the
‫ﻁﺔﹲ‬
‫ﻭ ﹶ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ ‫ ﺘﺎﺀ‬change to a ‫ﺕ‬, to which dual ending is attach
Ex. ‫ﻥ‬
‫ ﹺ‬‫ﻤ ﹶﺘﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻥ َﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤ ﹶﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ / ‫ﻥ‬
‫ ﹺ‬‫ﺴ ﹶﺘﻴ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ َﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺴﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺔ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩ‬
The Cases Examples for positions under different Letters which
(‫ﺎﹶﻝ ﹸﺔ‬‫)ﺍﻝﹾﺤ‬ cases change

First noun in a sentence :ٌ‫ﺩﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺘ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬

‫َﺃِﻝﻑﹲ‬
‫ﻓﹸﻭﻉ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ Information about the ٌ‫ﺩﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺘ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬ :‫ﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
‫ﹶ‬
(‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻝ‬ )
Doer of the verb :ٌ‫ﻋل‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬
Object :‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭلٌ ﹺﺒ‬‫ﻤﻔﹾﻌ‬
‫ﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺏ‬‫ﻤﻨﹾﺼ‬ A noun that shows the time or :‫ﻑﹲ‬‫ﻅﺭ‬
‫ﹶ‬
(‫ﻥ‬
‫ ﹺ‬‫ﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻝ‬ )
the place
Noun after preposition :‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﹴ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬
Noun showing the possessor :‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﻑﹲ ﺇﹶﻝﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬ (‫ﻥ‬
‫ ﹺ‬‫ﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻝ‬ )
Important comments:
1- The ‫ َﺃﻝِﻑ‬and the ‫ ﻴﺎﺀ‬are what change in the dual, in the different positions,
not the last mark as in the singular.
2- The letter ‫ﻥ‬
‫ ﹺ‬with ‫ﺭﺓ‬‫ ﹶﻜﺴ‬at the end of dual ‫ﻤ ﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬, has no relation with the
conjugation of the dual. It is only an alternative to the sound of Tanween that
you hear in the singular.
This ‫ﻥ‬
‫ ﹺ‬might be deleted, if the dual is followed by a possessor ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﻑﹲ ِﺇﹶﻝﻴ‬‫ﻤﻀ‬
Ex. ‫ﻲ‬
 ‫( ﹺﺒﻨﹾﺘﹶﺎ ﺍﻝﱠﻨ ﹺﺒ‬the two daughters of the prophet)
No ‫ ﻥ‬at the end of ِ‫ﹺﺒﻨﹾﺘﹶﺎﻥ‬

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Qur’aanic Arabic Advanced level

The Plural ‫ﻊ‬

 ‫ﺠﻤ‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬:
In Arabic, there are three types of plural: Sound masculine plural, sound
feminine plural and broken plural.

1- The Sound Masculine Plural ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺎِﻝ‬‫ﻤ ﹶﺫ ﱠﻜ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻝﺴ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺠﻤ‬


It is so called 'sound', because the singular form remain intact or sound,
i.e. the singular is same and only different endings are added to it.

The sound masculine plural noun, is formed from the singular, by adding (‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ـﻭ‬
ُ )
when the noun is ‫ﻓﹸﻭﻉ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ and (‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ )ـِﻴ‬when the noun is ‫ﻭﺏ‬‫ﻤﻨﹾﺼ‬ or‫ﻭﺭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬ , this ‫ﻴﺎﺀ‬
is a long vowel (ee) with a ‫ﺭﺓ‬‫ﻜﺴ‬
‫ ﹶ‬before.
Ex. ‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻥ َﺃﻭ‬
 ‫ﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ / ‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ﺤﻴ‬
 ‫ﺎِﻝ‬‫ ﺼ‬،‫ﺤﻭﻥ‬
 ‫ﺎِﻝ‬‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﺎﻝِﺢ‬‫ﺼ‬

The Cases Examples for positions under different Letters which

(‫ﺎﹶﻝ ﹸﺔ‬‫)ﺍﻝﹾﺤ‬ cases change

First noun in a sentence :ٌ‫ﺩﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺘ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻭ‬
‫ﻓﹸﻭﻉ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ Information about the ٌ‫ﺩﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺘ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬ :‫ﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
‫ﹶ‬
(‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ )
Doer of the verb :ٌ‫ﻋل‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬
Object :‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭلٌ ﹺﺒ‬‫ﻤﻔﹾﻌ‬
‫ﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺏ‬‫ﻤﻨﹾﺼ‬ A noun that shows the time or :‫ﻑﹲ‬‫ﻅﺭ‬
‫ﹶ‬
(‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ )
the place
Noun after preposition :‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﹴ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬
Noun showing the possessor :‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﻑﹲ ﺇﹶﻝﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬ (‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ )

Important comments:
1- The ‫ ﻭﺍﻭ‬and the ‫ ﻴﺎﺀ‬are what change in the dual in the different positions,
not the last mark as the singular.
2- The letter ‫ﻥ‬
 with ‫ﺔ‬‫ ﹶﻓﺘﹾﺤ‬at the end of ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺎِﻝ‬‫ﻤ ﹶﺫ ﱠﻜ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻝﺴ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺠﻤ‬
 has no relation with

conjugation of the dual. It is only an alternative to the sound of Tanween ‫ﹶﺘﻨﹾﻭﹺﻴﻥ‬

that you hear in the singular.

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Qur’aanic Arabic Advanced level

- The general rule is that ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺎِﻝ‬‫ﻤ ﹶﺫ ﱠﻜ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻝﺴ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺠﻤ‬

 is used for some masculine
human but it may come, as an exception, with a few rare masculine, non
human.
Ex. (‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ﻋﺸﹾ ﹺﺭﻴ‬
)‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﹾ‬
 (twenty) - (‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﹶﻝ‬
)‫ﻥ‬
 ‫ﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﹶﻝ‬
 (worlds)

2- The Sound Feminine Plural ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺎِﻝ‬‫ﺙ ﺍﻝﺴ‬

 ‫ﻤ َﺅ ﱠﻨ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺠﻤ‬


It is so called sound because the singular forms remain intact or sound,

i.e. the singular is same and only different endings are added to it.
The sound masculine plural noun is formed from the singular by adding
(‫ﺕ‬
‫ )ـﺎ ﹸ‬when the noun is ‫ﻓﹸﻭﻉ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ and (‫ﺕ‬
 ‫)ـﺎ‬ when the noun is ‫ﻭﺏ‬‫ﻤﻨﹾﺼ‬
or‫ﻭﺭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬
 .
Ex. ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻠﻤ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕﹲ َﺃﻭ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ / ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﺴﻴ‬
 ‫ ﺍﻝ‬،‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺍ ﹸ‬‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﺴﻴ‬
 ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﺴﻴ‬
 ‫ﺍﻝ‬
Notice that we delete ‫ﻁﺔﹲ‬
‫ﻭ ﹶ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ ‫ ﺘﹶﺎﺀ‬before adding the (‫ﺕ‬
 ‫)ـﺎ‬

The Cases Examples for positions under different Marks which

(‫ﺎﹶﻝ ﹸﺔ‬‫)ﺍﻝﹾﺤ‬ cases change

First noun in a sentence :ٌ‫ﺩﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺘ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬

‫ﻤﺔﹲ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
َ
‫ﻓﹸﻭﻉ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ Information about the ٌ‫ﺩﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺘ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬ :‫ﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
‫ﹶ‬
(‫ﺎﺕﹲ‬‫ﻠﻤ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ )
Doer of the verb :ٌ‫ﻋل‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬
Object :‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭلٌ ﹺﺒ‬‫ﻤﻔﹾﻌ‬
‫ﺭﺓﹲ‬ ‫َﹶﻜﺴ‬
‫ﻭﺏ‬‫ﻤﻨﹾﺼ‬ A noun that shows the time or :‫ﻑﹲ‬‫ﻅﺭ‬
‫ﹶ‬
(‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻠﻤ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ )
the place
Noun after preposition :‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﹴ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﺴ‬ ‫ﺭﺓﹲ‬ ‫َﹶﻜﺴ‬
‫ﻭﺭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬
Noun showing the possessor :‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﻑﹲ ﺇﹶﻝﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬ (‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻠﻤ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ )
* The general rule is that ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺎِﻝ‬‫ﺙ ﺍﻝﺴ‬
 ‫ﻤ َﺅ ﱠﻨ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻝﹾ‬ ‫ﺠﻤ‬
 is used for feminine nouns (human
and non human) but it may be used in some cases for masculine.
Ex. ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺎﻤﺎ‬‫ﺤﻤ‬
 ‫ﺎﻤﺎﺕﹲ َﺃﻭ‬‫ﺤﻤ‬
 ‫ﺎﻡ‬‫ﺤﻤ‬
 (bathroom)

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Qur’aanic Arabic Advanced level

3- The Broken Plural ‫ﺭ‬

‫ﻴ ﹺ‬‫ﺍﻝ ﱠﺘﻜﹾﺴ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺠﻤ‬


- It is so called broken because it is formed by breaking up the singular

pattern, by adding or removing vowels and letters: before, in between or
after the singular. It does not have a pattern that you can follow, you
need to learn them individually.
- It can be used for human and non human.

Ex. ‫ل‬
ٍ ‫ ﺭﹺﺠﺎ‬،‫ﻻ‬
‫ ﺭﹺﺠﺎ ﹰ‬،ٌ‫ﺭﹺﺠﺎل‬ ‫ل‬‫ﺭﺠ‬ / ‫ﺏ‬
‫ ﺍﻝﹾ ﹸﻜ ﹸﺘ ﹺ‬،‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ ﺍﻝﹾ ﹸﻜ ﹸﺘ‬،‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﹾ ﹸﻜ ﹸﺘ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﹶﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﹾ‬

The Cases Examples for positions under different Mark of the last
(‫ﺎﹶﻝ ﹸﺔ‬‫)ﺍﻝﹾﺤ‬ cases letter

First noun in a sentence :ٌ‫ﺩﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺘ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬

‫ﻤﺔﹲ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
َ
‫ﻓﹸﻭﻉ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ Information about the ٌ‫ﺩﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺘ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬ :‫ﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
‫ﹶ‬
(‫ﻭﹶﻝﺩ‬ )
Doer of the verb :ٌ‫ﻋل‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬
Object :‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭلٌ ﹺﺒ‬‫ﻤﻔﹾﻌ‬
‫ﺤﺔﹲ‬
َ ‫ﹶﻓﺘﹾ‬
‫ﻭﺏ‬‫ﻤﻨﹾﺼ‬ A noun that shows the time or :‫ﻑﹲ‬‫ﻅﺭ‬
‫ﹶ‬
(‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﹶﻝﺩ‬ )
the place
Noun after preposition :‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﹴ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﺴ‬
‫ﺭﺓﹲ‬ ‫َﹶﻜﺴ‬
‫ﻭﺭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬ Noun showing the possessor :ِ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻀﺎﻑﹲ ﺇﹶﻝﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬
(‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻝ‬ )

Notice that the conjugation ‫ﺭﺍﺏ‬‫ ﺇﻋ‬of Broken Plural is exactly as ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻤﻔﹾﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬

In the next file ‫ﷲ‬

ُ ‫ﺀ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﺎ‬
‫ ﹶ‬‫ ﺇﻥ‬we will study the Nominative sentence, and its two
main parts: ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺩُﺃ ﻭﺍﻝﹾ ﹶ‬ ‫ ﹶﺘ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬ ‫ ﺍﻝﹾ‬and you will see more examples of the different types
of nouns and their conjugation.

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