informaciis raodenoba.

informaciis erTeuli

amerikeli inJineri hartli informaciis miRebis process ganixilavda rogorc erTi Setyobinebis amorC-
evas N Tanabari albaTobis mqone Setyobinebebis winaswar mocemuli sasruli simravlidan, xolo infor-
maciis I raodenobas, romelsac Seicavs amorCeuli Setyobineba, gansazRvravda rogorc N-is orobiT
logariTms. hartlis formula: I  log 2 N .
vTqvaT, saWiroa gamovicnoT erTi ricxvi 1-dan 100-mde ricxvebis nakrebidan. hartlis formulis
mixedviT SeiZleba gamovTvaloT, ra raodenobis informacia amisaTvis saWiro: I  log 2 100  6,644 .
amgvarad, Setyobineba sworad amocnobil ricxvze Seicavs informaciis raodenobas, romelic miaxloebiT
tolia informaciis 6,644 erTeulisa.
Tanabari albaTobis mqone Setyobinebebis magaliTebia:
1. `monetis agdebisas amovida gerbi~, `monetis agdebisas amovida ricxvi~;
2. `wignis gverdze simboloTa raodenoba luwia”,
`wignis gverdze simboloTa raodenoba kentia~.
axla ganvsazRvroT, aris Tu ara Tanabari albaTobis mqone Setyobinebebi: `Senobidan pirveli ga-
mova qali~ da `Senobidan pirveli gamova kaci~. am kiTxvaze erTmniSvnelovnad pasuxis gacema ar
SeiZleba. yvelaferi damokidebulia imaze, konkretulad romel Senobazea saubari. Tu es metros sadguria,
maSin albaToba marTlac erTnairia, magram Tu es samxedro yazarmaa, maSin kacebisaTvis es albaToba
gacilebiT maRalia, vidre qalebisaTvis.
aseTi tipis amocanebisaTvis 1948 wels klod Senonma informaciis raodenobis gansazRvris sxva
formula SemogvTavaza. es formula mxedvelobaSi iRebs nakrebSi Setyobinebebis araTanabar albaTobas.
Senonis formula:
I  ( p1 log 2 p1  p2 log 2 p2  ... pN log 2 p N ),
sadac pi - imis albaTobaa, rom swored i  uri Setyobineba gamoiyo N Setyobinebebis nakrebidan.
informaciis erTeulad miRebulia erTi biti (ingl. bit – binary digit – orobiTi cifri). biti informaciis
TeoriaSi – es aris informaciis raodenoba, romelic aucilebelia ori Tanabari albaTobis mqone Setyobinebis
erTmaneTisgan gasarCevad. gamoTvliT teqnikaSi bits uwodeben kompiuteris mexsierebis umcires
`porcias~, romelic saWiroa oridan erT-erTi - `0~ an `1~ niSnebis Sesanaxad, romlebic gamoiyeneba
monacemebisa da brZanebebis Siga manqanuri warmodgenisaTvis.
biti zomis sakmaod mcire erTeulia. praqtikaSi xSirad gamoiyeneba ufro didi erTeuli – baiti, rome-
lic 8 bitis tolia. swored rva bitia saWiro imisaTvis, rom moxdes kompiuteris klaviaturis 256 simbolos
kodireba (256 = 2 8 ).
farTod gamoiyeneba informaciis kidev ufro didi erTeulebi:
1 kilobaiti (kbaiti) = 1024 baiti = 210 baiti;
1 megabaiti (mbaiti) = 1024 kbaiti = 2 20 baiti;
1 gigabaiti (gbaiti) = 1024 mbaiti = 2 30 baiti.
ukanasknel periodSi, dasamuSavebeli informaciis moculobis zrdasTan erTad iyeneben iseT er-
Teulebs, rogoricaa:
1 terabaiti (tbaiti) = 1024 gbaiti = 2 40 baiti;
1 petabaiti (pbaiti) = 1024 tbaiti = 2 50 baiti.