FEM

Lecture 4
1)

Ans:-
Given data as per the problem as follows:
Flexural rigidity, EI = 0.15 N-m2,
Length of the beam, L = 1 m,
Uniformly distributed load on the beam, = – f N/m,

a)
The stiffness matrix for the beam element is given by,

[K] =
The work equivalent loads for the distributed force is given by
–f L dξ =
The finite element equation is {F} = [K]{Q}
+ =
Since there is no point load or couple acting on the beam, therefore the equation becomes,
=
Applying the boundary conditions, v1 = v2 = θ2 = 0, the equation will reduced to
= (4L2)(θ1) and other you will get error

b)
Substitute the value of L = 1 m and EI = 0.15 N-m2 in the above equation then will get error
Deformed shape function of the beam in terms of shape function, v(ξ) = N1(ξ)v1 + N2(ξ)θ1 + N3(ξ)v2 +
N4(ξ)θ2 Put v1 = v2 = θ2 = 0, the equation then
v(ξ) = N2(ξ)θ1 = L (ξ –2ξ2 + ξ3) (– 0.138889 f)
=– 0.138889 f(ξ –2ξ2 + ξ3)
c)
Since, the finite element solution is an approximate solution, if we want to obtain a better answer for this
problem, we need to increase the number of elements. As the number of elements is increased, the
solution will approach the exact solution.
2)

Ans:-

Given data as per the problem as follows:

Force (F) = 3000 N
Stiffness of the spring (k) = 3000 N/m
Length of the beam (L) = 1 m
Flexural modulus (EI) = 1000 N-m2

a)

The stiffness matrix for the beam element is given by,

[Kb] = = 1000
Similarly, the stiffness matrix for spring element is given by,
[KS] = =1000

b)

Global or structural stiffness matrix,

[K] = 1000

The finite element equation is {F} = [K][Q]

= 1000

Applying force boundary condition, F2 = – 3000 N, and displacement boundary conditions v1 = θ1 = θ2 =

v3 = θ3 = 0 in the above equation (5.6), we get,

– 3000 = 1000 × 15 × v2

c)
From the above equation, the unknown displacement v2 is -0.2 m

d)
The deflection equation in terms of shape function is v(ξ) = N1(ξ)v1 + N2(ξ)θ1 + N3(ξ)v2 + N4(ξ)θ2

We know that v1 = θ1 = θ2 = 0, the equation becomes, v(ξ) = N3(ξ)v2 = 0.2 × (3ξ2– 2ξ3)
We need to find the deflection at x = 0.8 m, but the deflection equation is in terms of ξ,

Therefore ξ = = will get error

Now, the deflection at x = 0.8 m is,

v(0.8) = – 0.2 × (3(0.8)2– 2(0.8)3)= -0.1792 m

The bending moment at x = 0.8 m,

M(ξ) = × {(–6 +12ξ) L(–4 +12ξ) (6 – 12ξ) L(–2 + 6ξ)}

We know that v1 = θ1 = θ2 = 0, then

M(ξ) = ×(6 – 12ξ)×v2
Substitute the values, ξ = 0.8, L = 1 m, EI = 1000 N=m2 and v2 = – 0.2 m
Wiil get M(0.8) = 1000 × (–3.6) ×– 0.2
The bending moment at x = 0.8 m will get error.