OBJECTIVE reaction, e.g.

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O, is the

combination of H+ and OH- ions to form H2O. For the

Heat of Neutralization of Strong

In this experiment, you will be introduced to the reaction above, this change is accompanied by the
technique of calorimetry. Using an insulated reaction evolution of 57.3 KJ mol-1 .

a
vessel (Styrofoam cup) you will determine the heat

vi
of neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base. One might expect heats of neutralization to be
constant whatever the acid or alkali used, but this is
Acids and Strong Bases BACKGROUND only true when both the acid and alkali are

d
completely dissociated into ions. Only dilute

re
The main considerations involved in the study of solutions of strong acids and alkalis fulfil this
chemical reactions are: condition.

ha
a) The masses and nature of the substances An aqueous solution of ethanoic acid (acetic acid)
+
taking part in the reaction – the laws of

s
contains only few H3O ions and when the solution
Lab #7

chemical combination. is mixed with sodium hydroxide, the reaction which

as
b) The energy changes involved – heat occurs is:
(thermochemical), electrical

w
(electrochemical) or light (photochemical); CH3COOH + OH- → CH3COO- + H2O
i.e. the thermodynamics of the reaction. ∆H = -552 KJ mol-1
c) The kinetics of the reaction, which may be

m e
measured by physical changes, e.g., Sample Calculation:

co rc
changes in electrical properties, colour,
volume, etc., or chemical changes, e.g. the 200 mL of 0.5 M HNO3 at a temperature of 24.5°C
o. ou
appearance of or disappearance of specific are poured into a Styrofoam cup containing 200 mL
substances. (The driving force of a chemical of 0.5 M KOH solution at a temperature of 24°C.
reaction is the ability of the reaction to do
er res
Temperature readings were taken every ten minutes
work, not in its ability to evolve heat.) and a graph was plotted as shown below:
The term “heat of neutralization” refers to the heat
eH y

evolved in the reaction between that mass of an acid

+ +
which furnishes one mole of H (or H3O ) and that
rs ud

mass of alkali which provides one mole of OH- ions.

ou st

The heats of neutralization of strong acids e.g. HCl

and strong alkalis, e.g. NaOH are approximately
constant. The essential change in a neutralization
is
Th

General Chemistry 1 Lab Page | 1

https://www.coursehero.com/file/46504490/Lab-7-Heat-of-Neutralizationpdf/
 Temp. °C MATERIALS NEEDED

a
Styrofoam cup

vi
27.8 250-mL or 400-mL beaker
100-mL measuring cylinder

d
Thermometer
1 M NaOH

re
1 M HCl
Stopwatch

ha
24.0
PROCEDURE

s
as
1. Place a Styrofoam cup into a glass beaker. (The
Time (min.) Styrofoam is an excellent insulator and is placed in the

w
beaker simply for stability.)
2. Add 50 mL of 1 M NaOH to the Styrofoam cup.
Assuming that the density of all solutions was 1.00 g/mL and that 3. Place 50 mL of 1 M HCl in a measuring cylinder and

m e
the specific heat of the mixture was 4.18 Jg-1K-1, what is the molar check that the two solutions have the same
heat of neutralization?
co rc temperature to within 0.50C.
4. Stir and measure the temperature of the sodium
o. ou
Using the equation q = m S Δt, where
hydroxide to the nearest tenth of a degree if possible,
q is the heat involved on mixing both solutions taking measurements every half minute for two
er res

m = total mass of solutions, i.e. 400 g minutes.

S = 4.18 Jg-1K-1, the specific heat of the mixture 5. Add the acid quickly, noting the time of the addition. Stir
Δt = 3.5°C (27.8 – 24) carefully with the thermometer and record the
temperature every half minute for four to five minutes.
eH y

Then q = 5.80 KJ, by substitution 6. Plot a graph of temperature against time and
rs ud

extrapolate the curve back to the time of addition to

But this is the heat evolved for 200 mL of 0.5 M HNO3 obtain the maximum temperature reached (see graph
ou st

solution, i.e. for 0.1 mol HNO3. above). Obtain the rise in temperature from the graph.
is

The molar heat of neutralization is 58.0 KJ

Th

General Chemistry 1 Lab Page | 2

https://www.coursehero.com/file/46504490/Lab-7-Heat-of-Neutralizationpdf/
 PRE-LAB QUESTIONS 4. Calculate the percent error in the heat of neutralization
for question 2 above. Compare to the reference value
1. Define: found in pre-lab question 2b.
a. Heat 5. Was your calculated value higher or lower than

a
b. Temperature expected?

vi
c. Enthalpy 6. Describe at least two sources of error in your
d. Specific heat measurement based on your answer to Question 5.
e. Heat capacity

d
f. Heat of Neutralization

re
2. Answer:
a. Write the balanced equation for the neutralization

ha
reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide.
b. Using a reference source, quote the value for heat

s
of neutralization reaction between hydrochloric

as
acid and sodium hydroxide. Cite your source.
3. Solve:

w
A student followed the procedure in this experiment
using 50.00 mL of 1.00 M HCl and 51.00 mL of 1.00
M NaOH with both solutions having an initial

m e
temperature of 25.5 °C. After mixing, a maximum

co rc
temperature of 32.2 °C is measured. For this problem,
assume the density of the solution is 1.03 g/mL and
o. ou
its specific heat is 4.017 J/g°C. Calculate the heat
released (q) and the enthalpy change (ΔH) for this
neutralization reaction.
er res

POST-LAB QUESTIONS
eH y

1. Assuming that the specific heat of the mixture is 4.18 J/gK

rs ud

and that the densities of both solutions of acid and base

are 1.00 g/mL. Calculate the heat evolved in the reaction.
ou st

2. Calculate the molar heat of neutralization.

3. Would you expect the same results for the neutralization
of ethanoic acid with sodium hydroxide?
is
Th

General Chemistry 1 Lab Page | 3

https://www.coursehero.com/file/46504490/Lab-7-Heat-of-Neutralizationpdf/
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)