Atoms- indivisible Molecules- composed of two or more atoms STATES OF MATTER combined Ions- Particles with charged
Protons- Positive charged
Neutron- Neutral Electron- Negative charged
Bosons- a whole energy spins
Fermions- half energy spins
Higgs Boson- The Higgs field
Gluon- Strong force Photon- Electromagnetic force Solid- closely packed, restricted motion Z & W-Boson- Weak force Liquid- far apart with free movement (flow) Gas- very far apart, free movement Quarks- in every quark an equivalent of the (chaotic) anti-particle Plasma- highly charged particles with extremely high kinetic energy Mesons- 2 quarks Bose Einstein Condensate- superfluid, Pentaquarks- 5 quarks flowing without friction, simulate conditions Dibaryon- 6 quarks same in black holes
Monatomic- composed of just one atom Properties of Matter
Diatomic- composed of only two atoms of According to change involved during
the same or different chemical elements measurement of the property (O2, CO) Physical Properties- no change in Homonuclear Diatomic- consists of two composition takes place atoms of same element combined (H2, N2, O2, and all halogens) Chemical Properties- change in composition occurs Heteronuclear Diatomic- consists of two atoms of different elements chemically According to dependence on amount of combined (HCl, HF) matter
Cations- Positive charges Extensive Property- depend on the
Anions- Negative charges amount of material like mass, length and volume
Intensive Property- depend on the quality
of material like odor, color, density, solubility, boiling point, melting point, electrical conductivity
CHEM 225- Lesson 1: Matter & Its Properties Page 1
Based on the number of components Separation Methods present Filtration Pure Substance- a single substance either an element or compound with definite Separate a solid from liquid in a composition and properties heterogeneous mixture using a filtering membrane Mixtures- made of blend of elements and compounds.
Based on the number of kinds of atoms
present
Elements- pure substances that are made
up of only one kind of atom Distillation
Compounds- pure substances that are Separate a liquid in a homogeneous mixture
made up of two or more kinds of atoms
Based on the uniformity of composition and
properties
Homogeneous mixtures- has a uniform
composition and exhibits same properties in different parts of mixtures Magnetic separation Heterogeneous mixtures- non uniform composition and its properties vary in Separate a magnetic solid from a different parts of mixtures heterogeneous mixture
Decantation
Separate a solid from a liquid in a
heterogeneous mixture based on gravity
CHEM 225- Lesson 1: Matter & Its Properties Page 2
Sublimation
Separate a volatile solid from a non-volatile
solid
CHEM 225- Lesson 1: Matter & Its Properties Page 3