General Chemistry - Matter

Reviewer 0.01

o Also known as COLLOIDAL

MATTER
- anything that has mass and occupies space
SUBSTANCE
- word used to refer to any type of matter or material
PURE SUBSTANCE
- are substances that are made up of only one kind of
particle and have a fixed or constant structure
ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
- Pure substances are further classified as?
ELEMENT
- is a substance that consists of only one type or kind of
atom
- simplest form of matter (constitute the simplest chemical
substances in which all the atoms are exactly the same)
- Cannot be broken down into chemically simpler
components
MIXTURE
- two or more substances that have been physically, and
not chemically, combined and can be separated through
physical means
- distuingishable (substances?) as you can differentiate the
contents in it
- walang chemical reaction (for example wine: nalalasahan
yung content na nandon)
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
- components are completely mixed and all the particles
can be seen under a microscope
- can easily identify the components and more than one
phase can be seen by naked eyes
SUSPENSION
o heterogeneous mixture in which some of the
particles settle out of the mixture upon
standing
o The particles in a suspension are far larger
than those of a solution, so gravity is able to
pull them down out of the dispersion medium
(water)
o Blocks light in light test
COLLOIDS
o a mixture that has particles ranging between
1 and 1000 nanometers in diameter, yet are
still able to remain evenly distributed
throughout the solution
DISPERSIONS because the substances
remain dispersed and do not settle to the
bottom of the container
o Scatters light (TYNDALL EFFECT) - the
ability of colloids to scatter light and show a
beam of light as it passes through them
through light test (laser)
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
- is a mixture throughout the solution in which the
composition is uniform
- appear as one and has only one phase (solid/liquid/gas
lang)
- a solution that has a solute and solvent (more solute to
dissolve the mixture)
- Do not scatter light in light test
COMPOUND
- is a material formed by chemically bonding two or more
chemical elements
- (two or more) substance that can be broken down into
chemically simpler elements
- formed element reaction and a new product
- there is a chemical reaction and components are not
distuingishable anymore
COMBINED CHEMICAL
- Element + Element
CHEMICAL REACTION
- This is needed to form and break a (compound/pure
substance?)
Composition = organic and inorganic ; bond
= ionic and covalent ; pH = acidity/neutral
- compositions of a compound
ORGANIC COMPOUND
- is a compound that, in general, contains carbon
covalently bound to other atoms
INORGANIC COMPOUND
- compounds that are made up of two or more elements
other than carbon
IONIC BOND
- donates an electron to stabilize the other atom
 - essentially donates an electron to the other atom Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Iodine,
participating in the bond
- (bond that) form between a metal and a nonmetal Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine
- Diatomic Elements

 Fire is a matter because it has mass and occupies space

COVALENT BOND  Heat and energy magkaparehas lang kaya hindi sila tinatawag
dapat na “heat energy”
- (bond that) electrons are shared equally between the
 Sound is not a matter because it is a wavelength
atoms
- (bond that) form between two nonmetal
METAL
- electron giving (element)
- Electron giver

NONMETAL
- Electron receiver

pH
- the measure of concentration of H+ ions in a given
compound or solution
- a measure of how acidic/basic water is

MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- the atom binds each other through covalent bonds

SALTS
- it is held together with ionic bonds

WEIGHT
- measurement of the gravitational force on an object
(varies depende sa pull ng gravity)
- A measure of force
- is the force exerted on a mass by gravity
- Is not constant and changes from place to place

MASS
- Is how much matter an object contains
- Is a constant for a body and does not change with
location

NEWTON
- unit of weight

KG
- unit of mass

VOLUME
- How much space an object or substance takes up

HEAT
- component of fire that does not count as matter