Applications of

Derivatives
Applications of Derivatives

o Geometrical Applications
o Monotonicity
o Maxima-Minima
o Rolle’s Theorem
o Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem
o Rate Measure
o Errors and Approximations
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent and Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal Normal Intersection Curves
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent and Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal Normal Intersection Curves

T N
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent and Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal Normal Intersection Curves

• Equation of Tangent at P:
P 𝒅𝒚
𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏
𝒅𝒙

• Equation of Normal at P:

𝒅𝒙
𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = − 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏
𝒅𝒚
T N
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal and Normal Intersection Curves

𝜃
T M N
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal and Normal Intersection Curves

T M N
Length of Sub-tangent (MT): Length of Sub-normal (MN):

𝒅𝒙 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝒚 = ′ 𝒚 = 𝒚𝒚′
𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝒅𝒙
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal and Normal Intersection Curves

𝜃
T M N
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal and Normal Intersection Curves
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent and Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal Normal Intersection Curves

𝜃
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent and Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal Normal Intersection Curves

𝒅𝒚
• Differentiate 𝑓(𝑥) and find slope 𝒎𝟏 = ቁ
𝒅𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)
𝜃 𝒅𝒚
• Differentiate 𝑔(𝑥) and find slope 𝒎𝟐 = ቁ
𝒅𝒙 𝒈(𝒙)
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent and Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal Normal Intersection Curves

𝒅𝒚
• Differentiate 𝑓(𝑥) and find slope 𝒎𝟏 = ቁ
𝒅𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)
𝜃 𝒅𝒚
• Differentiate 𝑔(𝑥) and find slope 𝒎𝟐 = ቁ
𝒅𝒙 𝒈(𝒙)

• If 𝒎𝟏 . 𝒎𝟐 = −𝟏, then 𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑔(𝑥) are

perpendicular
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent and Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal Normal Intersection Curves

𝒅𝒚
• Differentiate 𝑓(𝑥) and find slope 𝒎𝟏 = ቁ
𝒅𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)
𝜃 𝒅𝒚
• Differentiate 𝑔(𝑥) and find slope 𝒎𝟐 = ቁ
𝒅𝒙 𝒈(𝒙)

• If 𝒎𝟏 . 𝒎𝟐 = −𝟏, then 𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑔(𝑥) are

perpendicular
• Find common point(s)

• Find values of 𝑚1 & 𝑚2

𝒎𝟏 −𝒎𝟐
• Use 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 =
𝟏+𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent and Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal Normal Intersection Curves
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent and Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal Normal Intersection Curves
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent and Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal Normal Intersection Curves
Geometrical Applications: Tangent and Lengths of Tangent and Angle of Intersecting/Touching
Normal Normal Intersection Curves
Geometrical Applications:
More….

o Parametric Curves.

o Common Tangents.

o Common Normals.

o Shortest/Greatest Distance Between Two Curves.

o Orthogonal Curves.

o Tangent/Normal At One Point Intersects The Curve Again At Some

Other Point, Where It May Or May Not Be Tangent/Normal.
Geometrical Applications:
More….

Some Standard Parametric Forms:

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽, 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽, 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
+ 𝟐=𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽, 𝒚 = 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝒂 𝟐 𝒃
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
− 𝟐=𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽, 𝒚 = 𝒃 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
𝒂 𝟐 𝒃
𝒙𝒏 𝒚𝒏 𝟐 𝟐
𝒏
+ 𝒏=𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒏, 𝒚 = 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒏
𝒂 𝒃
𝒙𝒏 𝒚𝒏 𝟐 𝟐
𝒏
− 𝒏=𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 𝒏, 𝒚 = 𝒃 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 𝒏
𝒂 𝒃
Geometrical Applications:
More….

Some Standard Parametric Forms:

𝒙𝟐/𝟑 + 𝒚𝟐/𝟑 = 𝒂𝟐/𝟑 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑 𝜽 , 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑 𝜽

𝒙+ 𝒚= 𝒂 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒 𝜽 , 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝜽

𝒙𝒎/𝒏 + 𝒚𝒎/𝒏 = 𝒂𝒎/𝒏 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒏/𝒎 𝜽 , 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐𝒏/𝒎 𝜽

𝒄𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙 = 𝒄 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽, 𝒚 = 𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽

𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒕𝟐 , 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒂𝒕

𝒂𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙𝟑 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒕𝟐 , 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒕𝟑

Geometrical Applications:
More….
Geometrical Application:
Questions
Geometrical Application:
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Geometrical Application:
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Geometrical Application:
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Geometrical Application:
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Geometrical Application:
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Geometrical Application:
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Geometrical Application:
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Geometrical Application:
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