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t:ao-dr*d.2-. -
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z-t:at.7Ilar(lO'-1)f a r ( 1 0 3 +1 ) + a 4 ( 1 0 4 - 1 ) + . . .

6 o p g o 6 1 0 2 - ' 1 , 1 0 3 + 1 , . . . 6 o S c n L o b g q g b s b oS o p S q ' o o r 1 1 U g C q o
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6o6bgo oucrlBo11-%g, g. o. odq'Xgo 6gq'ol.r $erq, 5otot.r, 3o?o6 eD
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t 1-%X; Oogoq,oorop,6o6b3o z:3 L62 879 oUcogo 11-%g, 6oq5o5
3-'7+6'-2+8-1+9:22 ; ogrogo 11-%X. doeC8 UB6- 3o66o3oo
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1O:l(mod 3 qo 9), o3ogo0 10'.1(mod 3 p o 9 ) S g b o L S o g &nr o -troor-
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?gl.roboOnbop
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t l S p a a U , l a C 5 o ? a , 5 b o6 o 8 X c a 6 q 3 b o .o 3 6 o g o q , z o u e l g o 7 - % 3 o 3 q o
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'(p potu;giF:st
Ogoog cd
(p pour;g=s '(p pout)g7t
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1 9 c ? 9 o Pr l c J e p o g t o g a P
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(P"Pout)g: qn
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o g o o , b B d r . o gp g o 9 ( < o o q
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-9aP q o q 8 " ) 8 c 9 o o ? o 9 o g q C J G C S g1 9 0 ? d o o g g c A O o q , ( p p o u r ) O : g
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: c p q o q C r l g cr l o g o g c Po d c ? o q o ? 3 d g C g r l q G g o q C < 9 f f o & ce8q?C o g S g
-c? ri8 '(Spotu)O=? g a o 0 @ r . ' g o S C S q o g 8 g r - , d u . r . ) { r q gg c o o J G d
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9
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2 . g g d r 0 s b o l C r n A C A rX
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ap_I= 1(modp).

Lb3o bo6 y'3;bocn,o bo6obbop (p- 1) p-%3 SoycngoLol.r g3odq53Lr1-oti

$coq' 5o?orL.
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C b f l q n g o B c a o r 3 q S b oo:t r C 3 o 6 o q ' o c n o q6,3 3 5 3 5 o b o 3 c D '
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og6oq,Sbq,obot' o6 flo60c'rop335t-' So8co3o3oq'oor 3cn338gq' drogb3ot
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6oqr,:3qo3u6o6o gX68ob oXr"rdrXSobpoS63ogXbo%3,6o63oboq'coo

a - l - r; g 6 o p o 6 o 9 b 3 X L o :

ffit:A., ft12:2T, ffls:3Tt" ' , tltp-1:(p-7)Aa

o 3 6 o g b g o r o 3 oo66 9 X 6 o r oo 6 o o 6 t g o d q S b o 3 6 o o 5 6 a r t 3 L o p u 6 5 oo 5 3 -
6 f 6 S o q g q o c . r p , $ o 5 o o q O p 3 6t X S o r b 3 g 3 o t op - L ' g 6 q , o A o S U c '3) o c ' r o
l - ' b 3 o e r b om t - n 1 s : ( r - s ) a , Loqog I Qo s oi6Sbopo 3c.,tq' 6o9b3a,o
S o 6 c n b o l L3.0 3 f u 3 7 ) ; o -
V U S n q n , q o , j 3 3 3 p 3 b o 6 5 b g q " o1 ( r ( s ( p - 1
5co5oqo6 6o3c.,3qn6,>63coblr, 6o13 gb o6 6orbq3bo, 6opgo6 s-/ 6o3-
q , 3 b o op - % g , q o , S o t o L ; q r 3 3 , p o 6 3 y o g U s - r - t - r ; 3 X . 6 X 3 b 6 o 3 , q o -
t 3 3 b o o p o 6 3 ; 1 o g l - ' o & , g a - b . o 3 6 g o 6 o q ' 3 3q o 3 6 f l 3 3 6 q 3 b o o r , 6 o r 3
Sgqotr. ?3Loqro6o o6o; o69 Xbcr,om 6o9bgoro6o6o'oj3qo6 SoBc'r8qro-
6o63cobl.r, 6aB m1, ft121'r..7 trtp-t 6ogb3Xbo ?gLoboSoUoqtXLopobS'o
58
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g r , : < ",t< o o 8 g ? , 8 c dd) 3 o c 9 c ' r . r J C q C o g c g c c q 0 g c d C g ( d p o u - r ) I E r - , r
t , l Q g a g e g a g L ' g ' c o 8 c q c 9 8g 8 8 g ' o o q C d g G g q G C c o ) c l q C c o o J c ? : :
'g
<roocgQqGJ<.,o11 q'ugCg:.,:Cco qcg9C6 Gco 'oqCrcgs9o,bGQegbcCP
' [ 1 dp c u rl = a o = r - j
gog rooq0ogCo2c? od a>.1>-6 Ocdc,1 'J+aq:i-!
eo oCJqS?9cr1o ?edgeg
'\o-I-d o$oAgc? rloFo c-.1
o q C D o o g ' c S o B q ? 8 % - an o - I - d o 0 o g g c $ e : c q C o o r c o g ]
. ( d p o r u ) I = r D O c q o S o l o J g o g ' o C q o o go 1 0 9 o 0 g C : o g C 9 o 3 o o d c ? o e oo S O o f Q g o c d1 ;
' q c q o . ) 8 9 8 g o 9 gc C q l a d c e q nc i c - i
- C , q C Da c d 'll 'L '9:d coog 'cp09o8o qcgg08 o0g$oga8g (3
67 cd Ll
'(ez pour) I=rr9 !(67 pou) r=w? t(66 potu) l-=uz
. :GZ potu) I-:rrs :(11 pou) I-=ee l(11 pout) r=BZ
go9'o0ooPQgccd ooq0Jc0gel (t'uQCo go J gcBcrl
loq8JSoogc? or10a?r1g
(g t.rgof9ct: -
oog08p 'oo) cry8g0o9 l-d o 8 r , r f i g c ?l o q a d o . ) q I J o O C o ' : :
ogcSCSq<ogC <-rc109oO:1
1 ,gr c c o J c ? c go q C S g ' o . i C q 8 9 C 8 9 c gq o q l o g c q
r - r c o 0 r.lcor 1 o - 1c o g c d c r l S g 8 8 P C o g l o g a q o J c g c d o 9 E ? q-n dCgr-:
soqrlogcq ( t - d ) t , l Q g a g e g a g t , l g ( c c o o o g g c S Ccgq C D p r , ' 8 gt g 7 : 5 1 : - -
t < . r g c o o J e ? c' I gZ z a t ' I f S 7 - : r r ? '6ji
b : a r . o ] oo . } C q 0 d c O c d c r l
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r7:p < o q C D o d D L ' O c 9r i o - g C o ' l = V Z z z z g
S c
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'L-i9 'l:rS 'Z:29 z t Z c o < ; J C d o g c o q 0 d c - ' 8 o9g. . > t r * ' :
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fq.:p cd ffi:d c o o D < . , '8"c} 0 q c o g CS C d o Pc g C g o 0 c o1 C o o g $ u ' r g c 8 0 o
' c g 8 9 o C c o q c g g C S d C 9 r , . l $ qq o Q c - -
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t ( d p o r u ) ( l - d ) , , - 't . Z ' i = r - a n( T- d ) , ' " o t . Z . T: r - d u . t z c : 6 v 1 r 1 2
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a p - t- a 2 P_' t : ( a p _
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r

s 2 = 1 (modp) ?3qr6gboir. l-,o33ocnq,

re3oq,oD, gohgg6coo, bcol p
6ogbpot' UeoAlq'o & 33oq&j6gq'o o6oSotoo qor3Ooycncnoq,gbL
n_1

b 2 :-1 ( m o d p ) l X q r 6 S b c l : . g o 6 q o o S o t L o6, 3 3 6
3 o h g 3 5 3 b o( 0 . 0 0
j 3 3 3 c o o r ) , ' 6 c l 0I , 2 t ,3 , , . . , p - I 6 o g b g 3 b L t o 6 o t - , o 6 o b % 3 L 6 o F p - i
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r----i
53oqdroggq,o 60301.. rcr
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arp33o JoSpcJo6o g.:8reor3q'3bol"' Lo?poqgboar ? SLodq'3bgq'ooo&g

o)u 3 g o 6 3 g S J o 6 g q ' o g 5 e a b p b o tL5 6 6 o 9 3 b o , 3 , : 5 6 u 3 3 g o q 6 , : g p q , o
70
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J G q 8 g f ; C 8 f l o g cO ? gCco'OcdogcF:'
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