SULIT 1 4551/2 (PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN)

SKEMA PEMARKAHAN KERTAS 2 BIOLOGI PPT 2016 ,

PPD HULU SELANGOR

QUESTION MARKING CRITERIA SUB TOTAL

NO MARKS MARKS
1 (a) (i)
P:Dinding sel 1
Q:Kloroplas 1
R: Mitokondria 1
3
(ii) F 1: P/Dinding sel dibina daripada selulosa 1
P1 :sejenis karbohidrat yang kuat dan tegar. 1
P2 : Memberikan bentuk yang tetap kepada sel.

F2 : P / Dinding sel bersifat telap sepenuhnya 1

P2 : Membolehkan pergerakan bebas masuk bahan dari luar
ke dalam sel membolehkan tekanan segah berlaku
untuk sel. 1
P3 : sitoplasma terkeluar dari sel
2
Mana-mana ( F +P)

(iii) P1 – enzim selulase menghidrolisiskan selulosa 1

P2 –untuk menghasilkan glukosa 1 2
(b) (i) Perbezaan antara proses dalam Q dan R :

Proses dalam Q Proses dalam R

Memerlukan Karbon dioksida Menghasilkan karbon dioksida 1
Memerlukan tenaga Menghasilkan tenaga 1
Menghasilkan glukosa Menggunakan 1
/ mengurai glukosa
Memerlukan cahaya Tidak memerlukan cahaya 1
Berlaku bila cahaya mencukupi Berlaku pada bila-bila masa

Mana-mana 2 2

(ii)
P1 – Kepekatan karbon dioksida meningkat. 1
P2 – Karbon dioksida ialah gas rumah hijau. 1
P3 - Gas rumah hijau menyerap haba yang banyak. 1
P4 – Suhu persekitaran meningkat. 1
P5 – Menjana kepada kesan rumah hijau. 1
Mana-mana 3

3
SULIT 2 4551/2 (PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN)

QUESTION NO SUB TOTAL

MARKS MARKS
MARKING CRITERIA
2 (a) (i) Able to name
Answer:
Phase S : Prophase 1 1 2
Process U : Crossing over 1

(ii) Able to explain importance of the chromosomal behavior

during phase S.
Sample Answer:

P1-Exchange of genetic material between homologous 1

chromosome
P2- produce new genetic combination
P3-(crossing over) causes variation 1
P4-This will enhance the ability of survival in different 1
environment. 1
Any 3
3
(b) (i) Able to complete the diagram of the daughter cells and explain
the occurrence

Sample answer

V W 1
Drawing : V
Drawing : W
1 2

(ii) P1-During anaphase II 1

P2-Sister chromatids ( of one chromosome) is not 1 2
separated
P3- Sister chromatid is not pulled by spindle fibre 1
P4- nondisjunction occur 1
Any 2
SULIT 3 4551/2 (PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN)

(c) (i)

Meiosis I Meiosis II
Synapsis occur during No synapsis takes place
prophase during prophase
1
Crossing over/ exchange of No crossing over takes
genetic material occur places
between sister chromatid of 1
homologous chromosome

Homologous chromosomes Chromosomes align at the

align at the metaphase plate metaphase plate during 1
during metaphase I. metaphase II

Homologous chromosomes Sister chromatids separate

separate and move to the and move to the opposite
opposite pole during pole during anaphase II 1
anaphase I.

Two haploid daughter cells Four haploid daughter cell

are formed are formed.
1
2
Any 2

(ii) P1-it results in the formation of haploid gametes for

reproduction 1
P2- it maintain the number of chromosome in each 1
generation of organism. 1
P3- produce variation 1
Any 1
Total 12
SULIT 4 4551/2 (PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN)

QUESTION NO SUB TOTAL

MARKS MARKS
MARKING CRITERIA

3. (a) (i) : 50kJ 1

2
(ii) : 5 kJ 1

Tenaga hilang kepersekitaran melalui

P1 - proses respirasi 1
P2 - pembuangan bahan kumuh melalui air kencing 1 2
P3 – pembuangan bahan kumuh melalui penyahtinjaan 1

Mana-mana 2

(b) (i) Komponen Biotik :Tumbuhan, ikan, penyu, katak, alga – 1

mana –mana 2
2
Komponen abiotic :Udara, Air, cahayamatahari, pH tanah-
Mana-mana 2 1

(ii)

Pepatung Katak 3

Burung

Rumput Ikan kecil Ikan besar

Cacing

( c)
P1 – Pertumbuhan alga menghalang kemasukan cahaya 1
matahari ke dalam sungai
3
P2- Menghalang proses fotosintesis 1
P3-Oksigen akan berkurang 1
P4-Organisma akan mati
1
Mana-mana 3

Total 12
SULIT 5 4551/2 (PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN)

QUESTION NO SUB TOTAL

MARKS MARKS
MARKING CRITERIA

4
(a) Organism P: Double closed circulatory system 1+1 2
Organism Q: Single closed circulatory system

(b) Organism P Organism Q

PI Heart has 4 chambers Heart has 2 chambers

P2 has two atriums and has one ventricle and 1 1

two ventricles // has one atrium // has
right atrium, left atrium, ventricle and an atrium
right ventricle and left
ventricle

P3 heart receives both heart receives the

oxygenated blood and mixed oxygenated blood
deoxygenated and deoxygenated
separately blood.

Any 1

(c) F : contraction of ventricle/ heart 1

E1: generates a (high) pressure 1 2
E2: (to) propel/ force/ pump the blood flow from the heart/ 1
ventricle to vessel A
Any 2

(d) (i) Individual A: Artificial/ (Acquired) active immunity 1 2

Individual B: Artificial/ (Acquired) passive immunity 1

(ii) P1 : The first dose results the production of low level of 1

Antibody // the concentration of antibody still not reach the
immunity level 1 2
P2: Second dose is needed to stimulate lymphocyte to
produce more antibodies 1
P3: until it reaches the immunity level. 1
P3: that protects the person against the disease.
Any 2
 (e)
P1 : HIV weakens the immune system 1
P2 : By attacking helper T cell (which coordinates the immune 1
system.) 1
P3 : Helper T cells are essential to activate other lymphocytes in the
body immunity. 1
P4 : HIV also attack the central nervous system 1
P5 : Decrease in the function of nervous system. 3
1
P6 : The patient can expose himself to secondary infections.
Any 3

Total 12 m
5 (a) (i) Ultrafiltration 1 1

(ii) F: High hydrostatic pressure 1

P1: caused by the bigger diameter of the afferent arteriole
compared to the efferent arteriole 1
P2: many constituents of the blood to be filtered out into the
Bowman’s capsule. 1
Any two 2

(b) P1: Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed at Q. 1

P2: Glucose / amino acid is present in Q but absent in R. 1
P3: R contain more urea / uric acid /ammonia compared to Q. 1 2
Any 2
(c) (i) ADH // Antidiuretic hormone 1 1

(ii) During hot day, more sweat is produced 1

the blood osmotic pressure is high 1
More ADH is secreted by pituitary gland 1
Increases the permeability of collecting duct to water 1
More water is reabsorbed 1
Blood osmotic pressure back to normal. 1 3
Less urine produced // urine becomes more concentrated 1
Any 3
(d) The concentration of urea and salts are higher in the blood 1
compared to dialysis fluid
As the blood flow through the coiled tubing / dialysis
machine, excess urea and salts diffuse across the tubing 1
walls into dialysis fluid
Therefore, urea and excess salts can be removed from the 1
patient’s blood 3
Osmotic pressure can be maintained at normal level 1
Any 3
Total: 12 m

No Marking Criteria Marks Total

Marks
6 (a) (i) P1: Intracellular enzymes are produced and retained in the 1 4
cell marks
1
P2: For the use of the cell itself
P3: Extracellular enzymes are produced in the cell but 1
secreted from the cell
1
P4: To function externally

(ii) P1: The nucleus contain DNA which carries the information 1
for the synthesis of enzymes
P2: The genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA
1
in the nucleus 8
P3:The RNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes marks
on the rough endoplasmic reticulum 1

P4: Proteins that are synthesized at the ribosomes are 1

transported through the space within RER
P5: Proteins depart from RER wrapped in vesicles that bud
1
off from the membrane of the RER
P6:The transport vesicles fuse with the Golgi Apparatus and
1
empty their content into the membranous space
P7:The protein are further modified during their transport in 1

Golgi Apparatus
P8: Secretory vesicles containing enzymes bud off from 1
Golgi Apparatus and travel to plasma membrane
P9:These vesicles fuse with plasma membrane and release
1
the extracellular enzymes
Any 8

(b) P1 : Enzyme / P is represent the lock 1 8

P2 : Substrate / Q is represent the ‘key’ 1 marks
P3: Enzyme / P is specific
1
P4: Enzyme / P only can combined with substrate / Q
1
P5: Enzyme/ P has specific active site which can fit into
specific substrate / Q 1

SULIT 8 4551/2 (PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN)

P6: The substrate / Q binds with the active site/ enzyme to 1
form an enzyme-substrate complex
P7: Enzyme / P convert / hydrolysed / breakdown substrate
1
/Q into products/R
1
P8: The products/R are released from the enzymes
P9: The enzyme/P remain unchanged at the end of the
1
reaction
1
P10 : Enzyme P can be reused
P11: The enzyme/P is now free to bind with another 1
molecule of substrate/Q

Any 8

20 marks
 No Marking Criteria Marks Total
Marks
7 (a) (i) P1 : Organ X is gall bladder
1
P2: Gall bladder stores bile 1

P3: Bile emulsify lipid to tiny droplet 1

1 6
P4: To increase the total surface area / TSA/V of the lipid
1
P5 : Organ Y is pancreas

P6: Pancrease secretes pancreatic juice containing lipase 1

P7: Lipase hydrolyse /digested/breakdown lipid into fatty
acid and glycerol

(a) (ii) P1: Protein is digested/break down into amino acid in 1

digestion system
1
P2: Amino acid absorbed by the the blood capillaries in the
villus
1
P3: From villus, amino acid is transported to the liver.

P4:Then to the body cells via blood circulatory system 1

P5: In body cell, amino acid is used to produce 1

protoplasma/repair damaged tissue/synthesis
enzymes/hormone

P6: In liver , acid amino is used to synthesis protein plasma 1

8
P7: Excess amino acid is convert o urea 1
P8: Through deamination process 1

P9 : urea is harmful to human body

1
P10: Urea is transported to kidneys 1
Any 8
P11 To be excreted ( through urethra) in the form of urine
7 (b) Pregnant woman

P1: Need a diet rich in calcium and phosphorus 1

P2: For the formation of strong bones in growing foetus
1
P3: More folic acid/ferum is needed for the formation of red 3
blood cell/haemoglobin. 1

P4: High protein is needed for formation new tissue/ the 1

growth of foetus.

Teenager

P5: Protein is needed for rapid growth 1

P6 : More carbohydrates is needed to provide sufficient

energy for their active lifestyle. 1
Any 3
P7 : High ferum diet is needed to synthesis haemoglobin 1
after menstruation.

P8 : Vitamin/minerals to maintain good health 1

3+ 3 6

Total marks 20
 No Marking Criteria Marks Total
Marks
Inhalation
8 (a)
P1 : the frog lower the bottom level of the mouth and glottis
1 6
close
1
P2 : increase the volume of buccal cavity / lower the
pressure in the buccal cavity.
P3 : air is drawn in into the buccal cavity 1
P4 : nostril closed, glottis opened and bottom level of mouth
1
is raised.
P5 :Air is push into the lungs. 1

Exhalation
P6 : lung muscles contract
1
P7 : glottis opened // air is forced into the buccal cavity
P8 : nostril opened, glottis closed and bottom of mouth is 1
raised. 1
P9 : air is forced out from the buccal cavity 1

Any 6 Ps
8 (b)
P1 : (During the running), more energy is needed 1 8

P2 : more oxygen is needed (to produce energy) 1

P3 : oxygen demand/supply is not sufficient 1
P4 : anaerobic respiration occur / takes place
1
P5 : lactic acid is produced
1
P6 : (accumulation of) acid lactic causes muscle pain
1
P7 : (after the running), a lot oxygen is drawn in
P8 : oxygen is used to oxidized lactic acid (into energy, CO2 1
and water) 1
P9 : Athlete B will recover faster from muscle pain 1
P10 : (By walking slowly), blood flow is more smooth
1
P11 : more oxygen is transported by the blood stream to the
1
muscle

Any 8 Ps
8 (c) P1 : The mountain climber is carrying / wearing the oxygen 1 6
supply equipments / respirator.
P2 : As the altitude increase, the atmospheric pressure
1
decrease
1
P3 : the partial pressure / amount of oxygen decrease as
well
P4 : low atmospheric pressure cause less air is drawn into 1
the lungs
P5 : The mountain climber facing lack of oxygen (in the 1
body)
P6 : Oxygen supply equipment / respirator supply enough 1
oxygen for the body
P7 : (It also) assists in maintaining the pressure of the lungs 1
P8 : The mountain climber also wearing thick clothes
1
P9 : As the altitude increase, the temperature decrease
1
P10 : Thick clothes help the climber to maintain the body
temperature. 1

Any 6 Ps
20 marks
 No Marking Criteria Marks Total
Marks
F : The activity is illegal logging/deforestation 1 10
9 (a)
marks
P1 : Soil erosion 1

P2 : Reduce Water catchment area 1

P3 : Plant roots system makes the soil stable 1

P4 : Leaves /branches acting as span to slow down water 1

flow
P5 : Deforestation cause rain water flow very fast and 1
erode the soil.

P6 : Landslides
1
P7 : Forest root system clutch the soil.
1
P8 : without roots system makes the soil unstable /lead to
1
landslides

P9 : Flash floods
1
P10 : The eroded soil carried away by moving water

deposited at the bottom of the rivers

P11 :Contribute to the sedimentation of the rivers becomes

1
shallow causes flash flood during rainy seasons.

P12 : Loss of biodiversity

1
P13 : causes organism lose their habitat / extinction of
animals 1
P14: Climatic changes
1
P15 : forest acting as ‘ Carbon sink’ of the earth
1
P16 : absorbed vast amount of carbon dioxide during
photosynthesis and released oxygen to 1
atmosphere

P17 : Deforestation contribute to increase in the amount of

carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 1

P18 : Lead to the global warming/green house effect

1

[any 10 ]
SULIT 6 4551/2 (PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN)
SULIT 14 4551/2 (PERATURAN
PEMARKAHAN)

(b) (i) P1:The reaction causes the thinning of ozone layer 1 10

marks
P2 : Allowed the UV light penetrate to the earth 1

P3: destroyed plankton in the food web 1

P4 : Disturb the ecology balance in the water ecosystem 1

P5: Decrease the number of stomata and chlorophyll on the 1
leaves

P6: Plant cannot carry out photosynthesis /biotic

1
component threatened
1
P7 : Many plant die// cause carbon dioxide increase
1
P8 : Atmospheric temperature increase

P9 : Lead to green house effect/global warming 1

P10: Many organism which feed on plant die 1

P11:Disturb the food web /ecosystem the any 1

[ Any 8]

F1 : Introduce new chemical substance HCFC to replace 1 1

the used of CFC

F3 : Enforce the laws to ban the use of material contains 1

Chlorofluorocarbon

[ 2 marks]