THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE

OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Approval Sheet

The Research Study entitled, “The Effectiveness of Red and Blue LED Lights as the Primary

Source of Light in the Growth of Solanum lycopersicum” prepared and submitted by the

researchers, Esguerra, Mark Lawrence C., Gonzales, James Lawrence S., Idago, Nira Lee B., Mallari,

Alyanna Marie C., Ordeniza, Crizea Kate N. , in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject

Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion has been examined and recommended for approval

and acceptance.

ROMIZZELLE G. PEÑAFIEL, PhD, LPT MENARD F. MIGUEL, LPT

Examining Committee Examining Committee

__________________ ___________________
Date Signed Date Signed

ERICK ALLAIN C. FLORES, RCh

Examining Committee
__________________
Date Signed

FE RUBY C. FLORES, ECE, MEngM, LPT

Teacher

____________________
Date Signed

LADY ANNE R. BAYAN, PhD ALBERTO R. SANTOS

OIC- SHS Assistant Principal Principal II

______________________ ____________________
Date Signed Date Signed

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
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Acknowledgement

We, the researchers would like to express our sincere gratitude and

deepest appreciation to all those people who served as an inspiration throughout

the process and to all those who guided us towards the fulfillment of this research

project. This project wouldn’t be accomplished and it wouldn’t be a success

without the help and support of these people.

To our enlightening school, Honorato C. Perez Sr. Memorial Science High

School for developing us and molding us into the best versions of ourselves, and

also for letting us grow to who we are today; educated individuals who are

capable of putting up a successful project like this.

To our respected school principal, Mr. Alberto R. Santos for all the

support and time given to us in order to finish this project.

To our class adviser, Mr. Nikki Y. Cruz for his thoughtfulness,

considerations and never ending support.

To our hardworking research teacher, Engr. Fe Ruby C. Flores for her

intelligence and valuable suggestions as well as guidance to us which enabled us to go through

the demanding challenges of this project.

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
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To our caring and loving parents, Mr. George G. Esguerra and Mrs. Herminia

C. Esguerra, Mr. Sesinando V. Gonzales Jr. and Mrs. Leonila S. Gonzales, Mr. Larry T.

Idago and Mrs. Marilyn B. Idago , Mr. Marcelino R. Mallari and Mrs. Adelia C. Mallari,

and Mr. Noel H. Ordeniza and Mrs. Alma N. Ordeniza for continuously supporting us

and providing everything we need to accomplish this study.

And lastly, but most importantly, To the Lord Almighty, who gave the researchers

knowledge, strength, courage, and determination to finish this study.

M.L.C.E.

J.L.S.G.

N.L.B.I.

A.M.C.M.

C.K.N.O.

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Table of Contents

Contents Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES viii

ABSTRACT x

Introduction 1

Statements of the Problem 3

Hypothesis 4

Significance of the Study 5

Definition of Terms 6

Scope and Limitation 7

Review of Related Literature 8

Methodology 11

Research Paradigm 11

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

General Procedures 12

Materials and Equipment 13

Collection and Preparation of Materials 14

Design and Fabrication of Indoor Farm 15

Groundwork of the Indoor Farm Setups (Test Material) 16

Gathering of Data and Analysis Result 17

Physical Analysis of the Tomato 17

Research Design 18

Sampling Procedures and Samples 20

Data Collection Procedures and Techniques 20

Statistical Analysis of Data 20

Results and Discussion 21

Conclusions and Recommendations 31

Conclusions 31

Recommendations 32

REFERENCES xi

APPENDICES xiii

CURRICULUM VITAE xliv

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
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List of Tables

Table No. Page

1. Experimental Design for the plant height of the Solanum lycopersicum

on five (5) different treatments 18

1.2. Experimental Design for the number of yield of the Solanum lycopersicum

on five different treatments. 19

2. Light intensities 21

3. Voltage of the power supply. 22

4.1. Power consumption of the treatments for 8 hours. 22

4.2 Power consumption of the treatments for 120 days. 23

5. The initial measurements of the height of the Solanum lycopersicum. 23

6.1. The final measurements of the height of the Solanum lycopersicum 24

6.2. Yield Counts of Treatments 25

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7.1. ANOVA Single Factor for the height of the Solanum Lycopersicum 26

7.2. ANOVA Single Factor for the number of yield of the Solanum 27

Lycopersicum

8.1. Summary of the result of the T- test for Height of the Solanum 28

Lycopersicum

8.2. Summary of the results of the T- test for Yield Count of the Solanum 29

Lycopersicum

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List of Figures

Figure No. Page

1. Research Paradigm of the Study 11

2. Flow Diagram of the Study 12

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Abstract
In this study, the number of yield and the height of Solanum lycopersicum were inspected

under five different treatments; treatment I (3 red : 1 blue), treatment II (1 red : 3 blue), treatment

III (2 red : 2 blue), treatment IV (natural sunlight) and treatment V (no sunlight) for 120 days.

The plants under treatment I clearly demonstrated the most elevated mean height and yield

counts estimation among the five treatments. On the other hand, treatment IV had yielded the

following second most elevated mean height. As expected, treatment V had yielded nothing and

showed no progress in terms of plant height among the five treatments. Treatment III yielded the

third most elevated mean height and yield counts while treatment II picked up the second to the

last mean height and yield count. Taken together, the four diverse light medications were all

gainful for the development of tomato plant however treatment I demonstrated a principal result

and treatment V demonstrated no progress contrasted with the other three treatments.

Keywords italicized daw ah oy alyanna de ko to alam

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

References

Baessler, L. (2018). Red Light vs. Blue Light: Which Light Color Is Better For Plant Growth. Retrieved

from https://www.gardeningk nowho.com/garden-how-to/design/lighting/red-light-vs-blue-

light.htm

Chiang, B., & Puckett, J. (2010). Publications. Retrieved October 13, 2018, from

http://www.kessil.com/horticulture/publications_201009.php

Makasa, F. (2017). Challenges in tomato production. Lusaka, Zambia: Zambia Daily Mail. Retrieved

from https://www.daily-mail.co.zm.

Massa, G. D., Kim, H. H., Wheeler, R. M., & Mitchell, C. A. (2008). Plant productivity in response to

LED lighting. HortScience, 43(7), 1951-1956.

Samuolienė, G., Brazaitytė, A., Urbonavičiūtė, A., Šabajevienė, G., & Duchovskis, P. (2010). The effect

of red and blue light component on the growth and development of frigo strawberries. Zemdirbyste-

Agriculture, 97(2), 99-104.

Singh, D., Basu, C., Meinhardt-Wollweber, M., & Roth, B. (2015). LEDs for energy efficient greenhouse

lighting. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49, 139-147.

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

The Vertical Farm Project. (2009). “Agriculture for the 21st Century and Beyond”. Retrieved from

http://www.verticalfarm.com.

Tomato Growing Quick Start Guide. (2017). Three stages of growth in tomato plants. Retrieved from

http://www.tomatogrowing.co.uk.

Zhou, Y., & Singh, B. R. (2002). Red light stimulates flowering and anthocyanin biosynthesis in

American cranberry. Plant growth regulation, 38(2), 165-171.

(2018). Retrieved August 15, 2018, from Seed Savers Exchange:

https://www.seedsavers.org/grow-tomato

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Appendices
Appendix A. Computation of Power Consumption
Current = 17.1 mA
Resistance = 720K

Equation:

Power = (Current)2 (Resistance)

Power = (17.1 x 10-3)2 (720K)
Power = 12.3 W

120 days consumption of power:

= (12.3 W) (8 hours a day) (120 days)

1k
= 11, 808 W x
1000W
= 11.808 kW

Appendix B. T-test Results

Height
Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

  Varia Varia

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OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

ble 1 ble 2
71.43
Mean 87.2 333
10.24
Variance 1.81 333
Observations 3 3
6.026
Pooled Variance 667
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
Df 4
7.865
t Stat 873
0.000
P(T<=t) one-tail 706
2.131
t Critical one-tail 847
0.001
P(T<=t) two-tail 412
2.776
t Critical two-tail 445  

Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Varia Varia
  ble 1 ble 2
78.26
Mean 87.2 667
8.363
Variance 1.81 333
Observations 3 3
5.086
Pooled Variance 667
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
Df 4
4.851
t Stat 126
0.004
P(T<=t) one-tail 166

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2.131
t Critical one-tail 847
0.008
P(T<=t) two-tail 333
2.776
t Critical two-tail 445  

Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Varia Varia
  ble 1 ble 2
Mean 87.2 81.7
Variance 1.81 3.87
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 2.84
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
Df 4
3.997
t Stat 138
0.008
P(T<=t) one-tail 084
2.131
t Critical one-tail 847
0.016
P(T<=t) two-tail 169
2.776
t Critical two-tail 445  

Treatment I ( 3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Varia Varia
  ble 1 ble 2
Mean 87.2 0

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
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Variance 1.81 0
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 0.905
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
112.2
t Stat 633
1.89E
P(T<=t) one-tail -08
2.131
t Critical one-tail 847
3.78E
P(T<=t) two-tail -08
2.776
t Critical two-tail 445  

Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Varia Varia
  ble 1 ble 2
71.43 78.26
Mean 333 667
10.24 8.363
Variance 333 333
Observations 3 3
9.303
Pooled Variance 333
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
-
2.743
t Stat 84
0.025
P(T<=t) one-tail 85
2.131
t Critical one-tail 847
0.051
P(T<=t) two-tail 701
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2.776
t Critical two-tail 445  

Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Varia Varia
  ble 1 ble 2
71.43
Mean 333 81.7
10.24
Variance 333 3.87
Observations 3 3
7.056
Pooled Variance 667
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
-
4.733
t Stat 42
0.004
P(T<=t) one-tail 541
2.131
t Critical one-tail 847
0.009
P(T<=t) two-tail 081
2.776
t Critical two-tail 445  

Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Varia Varia
  ble 1 ble 2

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71.43
Mean 333 0
10.24
Variance 333 0
Observations 3 3
5.121
Pooled Variance 667
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
38.65
t Stat 813
1.34E
P(T<=t) one-tail -06
2.131
t Critical one-tail 847
2.67E
P(T<=t) two-tail -06
2.776
t Critical two-tail 445  

Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Varia Varia
  ble 1 ble 2
78.26
Mean 667 81.7
8.363
Variance 333 3.87
Observations 3 3
6.116
Pooled Variance 667
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat -
1.700

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22
0.082
P(T<=t) one-tail 157
2.131
t Critical one-tail 847
0.164
P(T<=t) two-tail 313
2.776
t Critical two-tail 445  

Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Varia Varia
  ble 1 ble 2
78.26
Mean 667 0
8.363
Variance 333 0
Observations 3 3
4.181
Pooled Variance 667
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
46.87
t Stat 57
6.19E
P(T<=t) one-tail -07
2.131
t Critical one-tail 847
1.24E
P(T<=t) two-tail -06
2.776
t Critical two-tail 445  

Treatment IV ( Sunlight) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

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t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Varia Varia
  ble 1 ble 2
Mean 81.7 0
Variance 3.87 0
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 1.935
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
71.93
t Stat 284
1.12E
P(T<=t) one-tail -07
2.131
t Critical one-tail 847
2.24E
P(T<=t) two-tail -07
2.776
t Critical two-tail 445  

1st Month of Yield

Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
29.3333 25.6666
Mean 3 7
2.33333 41.3333
Variance 3 3
Observations 3 3
21.8333
Pooled Variance 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
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df 4
0.96107
t Stat 4
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.19547
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.39094
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
29.3333
Mean 3 32
2.33333
Variance 3 133
Observations 3 3
67.6666
Pooled Variance 7
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
-
t Stat 0.39703
0.35580
P(T<=t) one-tail 8
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.71161
P(T<=t) two-tail 6
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

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t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
29.3333 23.3333
Mean 3 3
2.33333 46.3333
Variance 3 3
Observations 3 3
24.3333
Pooled Variance 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
1.48969
t Stat 1
0.10527
P(T<=t) one-tail 5
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.21054
P(T<=t) two-tail 9
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment I ( 3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
29.3333
Mean 3 0
2.33333
Variance 3 0
Observations 3 3
1.16666
Pooled Variance 7
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
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df 4
33.2608
t Stat 7
2.44E-
P(T<=t) one-tail 06
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
4.87E-
P(T<=t) two-tail 06
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
25.6666
Mean 7 32
41.3333
Variance 3 133
Observations 3 3
87.1666
Pooled Variance 7
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
-
t Stat 0.83081
0.22639
P(T<=t) one-tail 7
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.45279
P(T<=t) two-tail 4
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

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Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
25.6666 23.3333
Mean 7 3
41.3333 46.3333
Variance 3 3
Observations 3 3
43.8333
Pooled Variance 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
0.43163
t Stat 8
0.34412
P(T<=t) one-tail 6
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.68825
P(T<=t) two-tail 1
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
25.6666
Mean 7 0
41.3333
Variance 3 0
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 20.6666

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7
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
6.91480
t Stat 4
0.00114
P(T<=t) one-tail 7
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.00229
P(T<=t) two-tail 5
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
23.3333
Mean 32 3
46.3333
Variance 133 3
Observations 3 3
89.6666
Pooled Variance 7
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 1.12094
0.16253
P(T<=t) one-tail 1
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.32506
P(T<=t) two-tail 2
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
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Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
Mean 32 0
Variance 133 0
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 66.5
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
4.80601
t Stat 1
0.00430
P(T<=t) one-tail 5
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.00861
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment IV ( Sunlight) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
23.3333
Mean 3 0
46.3333
Variance 3 0
Observations 3 3
23.1666
Pooled Variance 7
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0

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df 4
5.93732
t Stat 3
0.00201
P(T<=t) one-tail 7
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.00403
P(T<=t) two-tail 5
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

2nd Month
Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
36.3333 23.6666
Mean 3 7
0.33333 72.3333
Variance 3 3
Observations 3 3
36.3333
Pooled Variance 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
2.57368
t Stat 5
0.03086
P(T<=t) one-tail 9
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.06173
P(T<=t) two-tail 8
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

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Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
36.3333 27.3333
Mean 3 3
0.33333 33.3333
Variance 3 3
Observations 3 3
16.8333
Pooled Variance 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 2.6866
0.02742
P(T<=t) one-tail 6
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.05485
P(T<=t) two-tail 1
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
36.3333 27.6666
Mean 3 7
0.33333 10.3333
Variance 3 3
Observations 3 3
5.33333
Pooled Variance 3

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Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
4.59619
t Stat 4
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.00503
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.01006
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment I ( 3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
36.3333
Mean 3 0
0.33333
Variance 3 0
Observations 3 3
0.16666
Pooled Variance 7
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
Df 4
t Stat 109
2.12E-
P(T<=t) one-tail 08
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
4.25E-
P(T<=t) two-tail 08
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue)

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t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
23.6666 27.3333
Mean 7 3
72.3333 33.3333
Variance 3 3
Observations 3 3
52.8333
Pooled Variance 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
-
t Stat 0.61782
0.28506
P(T<=t) one-tail 6
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.57013
P(T<=t) two-tail 2
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
23.6666 27.6666
Mean 7 7
72.3333 10.3333
Variance 3 3
Observations 3 3
41.3333
Pooled Variance 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

df 4
t Stat -0.762
0.24425
P(T<=t) one-tail 7
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.48851
P(T<=t) two-tail 4
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
23.6666
Mean 7 0
72.3333
Variance 3 0
Observations 3 3
36.1666
Pooled Variance 7
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
4.81979
t Stat 4
0.00426
P(T<=t) one-tail 2
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.00852
P(T<=t) two-tail 4
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

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t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
27.3333 27.6666
Mean 3 7
33.3333 10.3333
Variance 3 3
Observations 3 3
21.8333
Pooled Variance 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
Df 4
-
t Stat 0.08737
0.46728
P(T<=t) one-tail 8
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.93457
P(T<=t) two-tail 6
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
27.3333
Mean 3 0
33.3333
Variance 3 0
Observations 3 3
16.6666
Pooled Variance 7
Hypothesized Mean 0

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Difference
df 4
t Stat 8.2
0.00060
P(T<=t) one-tail 3
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.00120
P(T<=t) two-tail 5
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment IV ( Sunlight) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal

Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
27.6666
Mean 7 0
10.3333
Variance 3 0
Observations 3 3
5.16666
Pooled Variance 7
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
14.9072
t Stat 4
P(T<=t) one-tail 5.9E-05
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
0.00011
P(T<=t) two-tail 8
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

3rd Month

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OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment II (1 Red: 3 Blue)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable Variabl
  1 e2
Mean 47.66667 30
Variance 0.333333 7
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 3.666667
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 11.29964
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.000175
t Critical one-tail 2.131847
Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.00035
Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue)
t Critical two-tail 2.776445  
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable Variable
  1 2
36.3333
Mean 47.66667 3
2.33333
Variance 0.333333 3
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 1.333333
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 12.02082
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.000137
t Critical one-tail 2.131847 xxxiv

P(T<=t) two-tail 0.000275

t Critical two-tail 2.776445  
 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Treatment I (3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable Variable
  1 2
42.3333
Mean 47.66667 3
72.3333
Variance 0.333333 3
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 36.33333
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 1.083657
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.169735
t Critical one-tail 2.131847
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.339469
t Critical two-tail 2.776445  

Treatment I ( 3 Red: 1 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variabl Variabl
  e1 e2
47.6666
Mean 7 0
0.33333
Variance 3 0
Observations 3 3
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OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

0.16666
Pooled Variance 7
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 143
7.17E-
P(T<=t) one-tail 09
2.13184
t Critical one-tail 7
1.43E-
P(T<=t) two-tail 08
2.77644
t Critical two-tail 5  

Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable Variable
  1 2

Mean 30 36.33333
Variance 7 2.333333
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 4.666667
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat -3.59066
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.011474
t Critical one-tail 2.131847
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.022948
t Critical two-tail 2.776445  

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OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable Variable
  1 2
Mean 30 42.33333
Variance 7 72.33333
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 39.66667
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat -2.39835
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.037245
t Critical one-tail 2.131847
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.074489
t Critical two-tail 2.776445  

Treatment II ( 1 Red: 3 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable Variabl
  1 e2
Mean 30 0
Variance 7 0
Observations 3 3

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Pooled Variance 3.5

Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 19.63961
P(T<=t) one-tail 1.98E-05
t Critical one-tail 2.131847
P(T<=t) two-tail 3.96E-05
t Critical two-tail 2.776445  

Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue) vs Treatment IV ( Natural Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable Variable
  1 2

Mean 36.33333 42.33333

Variance 2.333333 72.33333
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 37.33333
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat -1.20268
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.147711
t Critical one-tail 2.131847
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.295422
t Critical two-tail 2.776445  

Treatment III ( 2 Red: 2 Blue) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

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t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable Variabl
  1 e2
Mean 36.33333 0
Variance 2.333333 0
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 1.166667
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 41.19813
P(T<=t) one-tail 1.04E-06
t Critical one-tail 2.131847
P(T<=t) two-tail 2.07E-06
t Critical two-tail 2.776445  

Treatment IV ( Sunlight) vs Treatment V ( No Sunlight)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable Variabl
  1 e2
Mean 42.33333 0
Variance 72.33333 0
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 36.16667
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

df 4
t Stat 8.621322
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.000498

Appendix C. Gantt Chart

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OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

8/20/2018 8/27/2018 9/3/2018 9/10/2018 9/17/2018 9/24/2018 10/1/2018

Canvasing of Materials
8/30/2018 9/30/2018 10/30/2018 11/30/2018 12/30/2018 1/30/2019

Buying and Testing of Materials for LED lights

Making of LED lights

Buying of Tomato Seedlings

Planting Seedlings and Pre-Test

Setting up of LED lights

Observation of Growth of seedlings

Post-Test

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Appendix D. Materials used in the LED lights Set-up

Appendix E. Testing of LED bulbs.

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OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Appendix F. Soldering of resistors.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Appendix G. Soldering of diodes.

Appendix H. Preparation of plug and switch.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Appendix I. LED light setup.

Appendix J. The 3 LED light setups.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Appendix K. Quantum meter used to measure the light intensity of the three light setups.

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OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Appendix L. Gathering of soil for the transplantation of tomato seedlings.

Appendix M. Transferring of soil to the pots.

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OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Appendix N. Transplanting of tomato seedlings to the pots.

Appendix O. Tomato plants that will undergo indoor farming.

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OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Appendix P. The three treatments.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Appendix Q. The three treatments after a month.

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Curriculum Vitae

Personal background:

Name: Mark Lawrence C. Esguerra

Birthdate: July 14, 2000
Place of Birth : Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
Address: Purok Champaca, Cabanatuan City
Parents’ Name:
Father: George G. Esguerra Occupation: Businessman
Mother: Herminia C. Esguerra Occupation: Businesswoman

Educational background:

Elementary: Red Rock Elementary School

Gallup, New Mexico
2013

Junior High School: Saint Louis Anne Montessori High School and Colleges
Bangad, Cabanatuan City
2017
Senior High School: Honorato C. Perez, Sr. Memorial Science High School
Mabini Ext., Cabanatuan City
2019

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Curriculum Vitae

Personal background:

Name: Nira Lee B. Idago

Birthdate: February 10, 2001
Place of Birth : Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
Address: Purok 7 Bantug Norte, Cabanatuan City
Parents’ Name:
Father: Larry T. Idago Occupation: Geodetic Engineer
Mother: Marilyn B. Idago Occupation: Financial Advisor

Educational background:

Elementary: Cabanatuan East Central School

Sangitan East, Cabanatuan City
2013

Junior High School: Honorato C. Perez, Sr. Memorial Science High School
Mabini Ext., Cabanatuan City
2017
Senior High School: Honorato C. Perez, Sr. Memorial Science High School
Mabini Ext., Cabanatuan City
2019

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Curriculum Vitae

Personal background:

Name: James Lawrence S. Gonzales

Birthdate: July 10, 2000
Place of Birth : Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
Address: Purok 7 Bantug Norte, Cabanatuan City
Parents’ Name:
Father: Sesinando V. Gonzales Jr Occupation: Policeman
Mother: Leonila S. Gonzales Occupation: Policewoman

Educational background:

Elementary: Mayapyap Elementary School

Jesus Mighty Faith Academy

Mayapyap, Cabanatuan City
2013

Junior High School: Honorato C. Perez, Sr. Memorial Science High School
Mabini Ext., Cabanatuan City
2017
Senior High School: Honorato C. Perez, Sr. Memorial Science High School
Mabini Ext., Cabanatuan City
2019

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Curriculum Vitae
Personal background:

Name: Alyanna Marie C. Mallari

Birthdate: December 3, 2001
Place of Birth : Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
Address: Blk. 11, Lot 20, Carmen Park Subd., Kalikid Sur, Cabanatuan City
Parents’ Name:
Father: Marcelino R. Mallari Occupation:OFW
Mother: Adelia C. Mallari Occupation:Housewife

Educational background:

Elementary: Camp Tinio Elementary School

Camp Tinio, Cabanatuan City
2013

Junior High School: Honorato C. Perez, Sr. Memorial Science High School
Mabini Ext., Cabanatuan City
2017
Senior High School: Honorato C. Perez, Sr. Memorial Science High School
Mabini Ext., Cabanatuan City
2019

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE
OF LIGHT IN THE GROWTH OF Solanum lycopersicum

Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background:

Name: Crizea Kate N. Ordeniza

Birthdate: November 26, 2001

Place of Birth: Davao City

Address: Purok 1 Barangay Militar Fort Magsaysay, Palayan City

Parents’ Name:

Father: Noel H. Ordeniza Occupation: Soldier

Mother: Alma N. Ordeniza Occupation: N/A

Educational background:

Elementary: Fort Magsaysay Elementary School

Fort Magsaysay Palayan City

2013

Junior High School: Good Samaritan Colleges

Burgos Avenue Cabanatuan City
2017
Senior High School: Honorato C. Perez Sr. Memorial Science High School

Mabini Ext., Cabanatuan City

2019

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