Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

 
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Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

Rrnldnras Rgssas
Rgssas pgrg ulg Rrçtnmg

]dfurg d Odl ]umd`n`g dl _g`ndstdsng

Mapyrnfht © Cigvna Fnrai - 7>>4 - ?270

NKP_A@TÆÍA 
G n`dng prnkmnpgi `dstd d-oaae î `d td nktra`uznr nld`ngtgldktd gs prçtnmgs `g rg`ndstdsng,
`dstg carlg, du sdfun gifulgs rdmaldk`gæôds `d rg`ndstdsnstg `a pgssg`a mal a cnl
dspdmìcnma `d rdspak`dr gifulgs qudstôds nld`ngtgs `d gifuks nktdrdssg`as ka tdlg d
digoardn a fung qud sdfud juktgldktd mal kassgs gkatgæôds, nsta pdrlntnrç nknmngr-sd kg
prçtnmg rg`ndstîsnmg mal sdfurgkæg.

Î gssnl: qugk`a salas makvn`g`as pgrg jafgr ul jafa qud kukmg jafglas, au tamgr ul
nkstruldkta qud kukmg tamglas, a qud kas nlpuisnakg î g dxpdrnêkmng prçtnmg d gn qugk`a
kas nktdrdssglas kas gpracuk`gldkta kgs rdfrgs, mal g _g`ndstdsng kía î `ncdrdktd. î ulg
prçtnmg dkvaitg dl rdfrgs rìfn`gs pgrg apdrg`as dxpdrts d mujg hnstýrng sd pdr`d kgs kantds
`a tdlpa.

@dstg carlg vglas dxmiunr as la`dias tdýrnmas d as týpnmas hnstýrnmas - dstds tdlgs vamê
pa`drç dstu`gr malnfa dl ldus sdlnkçrnas prdsdkmngns au sdlnkçrnas kg wdo ( wdokçrnas),
sdl, maktu`a, pdrlntnr qud ga cnkgi vamê passg prgtnmgr d `dscrutgr `gs `nmgs gqun
`nspakìvdns.

Cgrdn rdcdrêkmng ga iakfa `dstd lgtdrngi saord as kassas sdlnkçrnas, maktu`a, a maktdú`a
gqun `nspakìvdi td `grç, sdfurgkæg kdmdssçrng pgrg qud passg `gr as prnldnras pgssas...

Wugkta gas sdlnkçrnas prdsdkmngns vamê sdlprd sdrç nkcarlg`a mal g `dvn`g gktdmd`êkmng,
gssnl mala as Vdokçrnas 7, gifuks `dids jç dstía `nspakìvdns dl kassg pgfnkg.

]dlprd qud ul kava Vdokçrna dstnvdr `nspakìvdi vamê tgloîl sdrç nkcarlg`a, sdlprd
pdia d-lgni pdia qui vamê rdmdodu dstd d-Oaae d migra tgloîl dl kassg pçfnkg.

Kas pgssas qud sdfud vamê pa`drç sd cglningrnzg mal dstd trgogiha. Mg`g pgssa î dxpinmg`a  
`d carlg snlpids. Mal did vamê nrg vdrncnmgr mala sd gprdk`d rg`ndstdsng cgmnildktd. Gktds     ?
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pardl î kdmdssçrna qud vamê sgnog d sd g`gptd g gifuks makmdntas oçsnmas.    n
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7
 ]dlnkçrnas d pgidstrgs cdntgs pdig Nktdrkdt

Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

A WTD Î G _G@ND]PD]NG 1 
G rdspastg lgns snlpids î g mgpgmn`g`d qud tdlas `d kas sdksnoninzgrlas mal g rg`ngæía,
au sdjg, gs kassgs rdgæôds kduralusmuigrds, sd gitdrgl `d giful la`a, qugk`a
suoldtn`gs gs `nvdrsgs carlgs `d rg`ngæía (`ds`d gs lgns sutns, gtî gs lgns maktuk`dktds),
pravamgk`a maktrgæía au rdigxgldkta dl kassas lúsmuias. Î a mgsa qugk`a idvglas ul
susta p.dx. qud maktrgìlas kassg lusmuigturg....

]godk`a `nsta kýs pa`dlas gpravdntgr dstg mgpgmn`g`d mnkîtnmg d trdnkgr a lavnldkta `as
gpgrdihas (pêk`uia, carqunihg, `ugi ra`, gurgldtdr `dktrd autras) `d lgkdnrg qud
rdspak`gl inkdgrldktd, gcnrlgtnvgldktd au kdfgtnvgldktd `dpdk`dk`a `d kassa
qudstnakgldkta. Kdstd d-oaae vglas dstu`gr a usa `a pêk`uia as `dlgns sdría
`dlakstrg`as dl kassas sdlnkçrnas.

Dl sd trgtgk`a `d qudstnakgldkta  î nlpartgktd qud kas hgontudlas g kía kía   cgzdr

pdrfuktgs, au pdrfuktgr a ldkas passìvdi, `dnxd qud a sdu suomaksmndktd ’’`ngiafud
`ngiafud““ mal a
snstdlg dl qudstía d `dnxd qud a lavnldkta pdk`uigr au `d autra gpgrdiha `d g rdspastg
sdl qud hgjg kdmdssn`g`d `d qudstnakgr. GRDKG] _DGJG G] NKPD_GÆÔD] SNO_GMNAKGN]
SNO_GMNAKGN]

Pgi mala kg lúsnmg, mal g prçtnmg, luntgs pdssags `dsdkvaivdl ul oal frgu `d
sdksnonin`g`d rg`ndstîsnmg. Pgloîl pa`dlas mntgr g prçtnmg `d `nrnfnr ul vdìmuia, ka nknmna,
tu`a î pdksg`a, rgmnakginzg`a, lgs mal a pgssgr `a tdlpa d `a gmuluia `d dxpdrnêkmngs
tgi pramd`nldkta d mastuld tarkg-sd kgturgi - vamê qud `nrnfd kía pdksg pgrg `nrnfnr, vamê
sý `nrnfd d prakta.

As dstìluias ga trgksnta gas snkgns `d pigmgs d as iulnkasas jç dstía `dvn`gldktd

prafrglg`as d rdgfnlas `d carlg kgturgi.

Mal g prçtnmg rg`ndstîsnmg kía î `ncdrdktd, maktu`a, as dstìluias sía lgns sutns d gs
sdksgæôds, lg lgnarng `gs vdzds sía nlpdrmdptìvdns d as nkstruldktas sía as rdspaksçvdns
par glpincnmgr dstds dstìluias sd a cnzdrlas `d carlg maktraig`g as "tgns" lavnldktas
pa`dría sdr trgkscarlg`as d ma`ncnmg`as mala rdspastgs.

 ...kukmg prgtnqud rg`ndstdsng mal gssuktas

gssu ktas qud kía sdjg `d sdu makhdmnldkta.

Rar cnl5 `dva idlorç-ia qud a nkstruldkta rg`ndstîsnma sdrvd snlpidsldktd `d infgæía dktrd
g sdksnonin`g`d d g ldktd `a apdrg`ar. A luk`a dl qud vnvdlas î cgsmnkgktd!

 Gh! G _g`ndstdsng î ulg `ngfkýstnmg d KÍA `d trgtgldkta, sd

ulg prçtnmg `d gkçinsd `ngfkýstnmg  
gifuîl trgtg au usg a pêk`uia
pê k`uia pgrg trgtgldkta î ulg prçtnmg nk`nvn`ugi     =
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A] R_NLDN_A] RG]]A] ]ÍA NK@N]RDK]ÇSDN] RG_G TLG F_GK@D JA_KG@G!!

Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

G] CD__GLDKPG] D GRG_DIHA]

Tl nkstruldkta rg`ndstîsnma î ul nktdrcgmd au `nspasntnva `d maluknmgæía.

Rgrdmd sdr maktraig`a pdia suomaksmndktd dloarg du dstdjg makvdkmn`a qud
hç autras cgtards dkvaivn`as.

Pdkha aosdrvg`a qud g lgnarng `as

rg`ndstdsnstgs dxpdrndktds au pracnssnakgns usg
gs cdrrgldktgs oçsnmgs.

Dstgs sía gs vgrgs dl ’I“, g vgrg ’^“, a pêk`uia d a, `dpdk`dk`a `d qugi

têl â lía ka laldkta au qud rgpn`gldktd makstradl martgk`a ul
mgon`d ldtçinma au pdk`urgk`a ul aojdta kul cna.

Karlgildktd dsmaihdl g lgns makvdkndktd pgrg ul trgogiha dspdmìcnma. Hç

`nspasntnvas `d ta`as as tglgkhas, carlgs d lgtdrngns.

G prnkmnpgi prdamupgæía `as _g`ndstdsnstgs dxpdrndktds î `nspar `d

nkstruldktas snlpids, lgs `d oag qugin`g`d, G oag prçtnmg `g rg`ndstdsng `dpdk`d `g
maktnkun`g`d `d pdia ldkas mnkma pramd`nldktas qud dstía nktdrinfg`as:

7. G prdpgrgæía prîvng5 
prîvng5 

?. Tl nkìmna marrdta5 
marrdta5 

=. A pramdssa nktdrlî`na5
n ktdrlî`na5  

0. G nkcarlgæía makcnçvdi pravdkndktd `g nktunæía d 

d 
4. G gkçinsd marrdtg `gs `dsmaodrtgs. 
`dsmaodrtgs. 

G sdquêkmng `g pdsqunsg apdrg-sd mala dias `d ulg mg`dng. ]d ul dia car alntn`a au
dstnvdr carg `d ar`dl ta`a a snstdlg pa`d cgihgr.

A pramdssa maldæg mal a pdksgldkta iýfnma mdrdorgi5 `dpans gtug g ldktd nktuntnvg pgrg
cnkgildktd sd rdfrdssgr âs cgmui`g`ds `a rgmnamìkna iýfnma kg gkçinsd `as rdsuitg`as.  
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Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

RG_G R_APDFD_ G MG@DNG @D NKMD_PDZG] :

7. Dstgodidæg `d gktdlía as mý`nfas sdfuras `g prçtnmg mal a nkstruldkta.

?. Cgæg ulg " pdrfuktg"   `d mg`g vdz, `d carlg migrg. Rak`drd mg`g qudstía `d carlg
suosdqudktd d sdlprd `g ldslg lgkdnrg.

=. ]d ihd cardl sainmntg`gs prd`næôds gmdrmg `d gmaktdmnldktas au mansgs… pdksd qud a

"prafkýstnma" marrdspak`d lgns g ulg malonkgæía `d rdspastgs passìvdns `a qud g ulg
prd`næía úknmg d gosaiutg. _g`ndstdsng kía prçtnmg `d g`vnkhgæía...

0. @dnxd a pramdssa ciunr kgturgildktd. ]uoldtg a pdksgldkta nktdidmtugi â nktunæía.

Lgktdkhg-sd rdigxg`a. Dvntd `dsdjas d dxpdmtgtnvgs.

4. Gvgind a qud `dsmaornu saldktd gpýs tdr rdmdon`a ta`g g nkcarlgæía ma`ncnmg`g.

3. ]d suspdntgr qud dxnstgl drras au nkmdrtdzgs, rdfrdssd ldktgildktd

ldktgildktd gas dias `g mg`dng.

@dpans prassnfg ul dia `d mg`g vdz. Kgvdfud par ta`a a mglnkha gtrgvîs `d makmiusôds
sdfurgs. Gtrgvîs `as pa`drds, tdlpargns d nktdlpargns, `g ldktd dstgs tîmknmgs pa`dl
rdstgodidmdr qugiqudr dsqudmnldkta,
dsqudmnldkta, infgk`a as dias `g sug mg`dng `d pdsqunsg.

Hgontugildktd g nkcarlgæía nktuntnvg surfd-kas crgfldktg`g. Hç qud sdr pgmndktd. @ê

tdlpa pgrg qud as `g`as rdmdon`as carldl ul lasgnma malpidta d snfkncnmgtnva.

G ldktd "kaîtnmg", supdrmaksmndkt

supdrmaksmndktd,
d, pdrlntd ga rg`ndstdsnstg rdginzgr mansgs dxtrgar`nkçrngs

SGLA] P_DNKG_!!
Dloarg luntas rg`ndstdsnstgs tdkhgl as sdus nkstruldktas cgvarntas d autras gssdfurdl
qud ul, dl pgrtnmuigr, trgogihg dspdmngildktd odl, ta`as as nkstruldktas sía oaks d
trgogihgl dcnmgzldktd pgrg a rg`ndstdsnstg dxpdrndktd. Î a nkstruldkta g qud sd gmastulau
au a qud fastg lgns qud `dvd `dtdrlnkgr g sug dsmaihg.

Fastgrng `d sufdrnr qud gprdk`dr rg`ndstdsng î mala gprdk`dr g tamgr ul nkstruldkta

lusnmgi, mala jç ldkmnakdn au g `nfntgr ul tdmig`a. _dqudr nkstruæôds, mun`g`asgldktd
maktraig`gs, d prçtnmg. Hç `d mhdfgr laldkta dl qud cnmgrdlas lgns dxnfdktds d gn vgla
qudrdr nkstruldktas lgns prdmnsas d sacnstnmg`as.

 
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Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

]NFG D]PD] RG]]A]!!

]d qunsdr pa`dlas maldægr g cgzdr ulg sdssía snlpids `d trdnka, pgssa g pgssa, ka luk`a
`g rg`ndstdsng. Pdktd sdfunr as Rgssas sdfunktds. ]nfg ldta`nmgldktd gs nkstruæôds d `ê ul
pgssa `d mg`g vdz. Mg`g ul `dids î cçmni `d dxdmutgr d kía rdqudr lunta tdlpa.

PDLRA D ITFG_
Mala sufdstía, gfarg d ka cutura, tdktd dkmaktrgr ul iufgr mgila, ul iufgr ak`d passg
dstgr sý d ak`d sd snktg makcartçvdi, ul iamgi qud karlgildktd dstdjg `nspakìvdi `urgktd as
lnkutas `d prçtnmg. Nsta makstntun ulg dspîmnd `d dkmaktra `nçrna mal a sdu suomaksmndktd.
Dssd iufgr pa`drç sdr g ldsg `g maznkhg, `d lgkhí md`a gpýs a mgcî, au ldsla sug ldsg
`d trgogiha ka dsmrntýrna, `ds`d qud sdjg mgila d sdl g passnonin`g`d `d nktdrrupæôds.

MARND G A @NGF_GLG @D > MÌ_MTIA] DL TLG CAIHG @D RGRDI LGN] F_A]]G

AT MG_PAINKG 

 
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Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

RG]]A 7.
_digxd d trgkqunigldktd `dnxd-sd mak`uznr pgrg ul dstg`a
nktraspdmtnva, ld`ntgtnva (dstg`a gicg).

RG]]A ?. 
Rdfud ka pêk`uia d snfg gs nkstruæôds. A malprnldkta `a cna
`dtdrlnkg g vdiamn`g`d `a lavnldkta (qugkta lgns murta lgns rçpn`a,
î a lavnldkta- ldkar sdksnonin`g`d, qugkta lgns malprn`a lgns idkta a lavnldkta -
lgnar sdksnonin`g`d). Samê vgn dxpdrnldktgr a qud ldihar ihd makvndr.

R_ÇPNMG MAL A RÊK@TIA 

Sglas juktgr gifuks lgtdrngns qud sía kdmdssçrnas pgrg a trdnka:

  Tl pêk`uia `d lg`dnrg au `d ldtgi `d oag qugin`g`d5

  Frçcnma dspdmìcnma `d > mìrmuias
  Oiama `d gkatgæôds
gkatgæôds mgkdtg au içpns (?o)

Pald a pêk`uia pdia cna g ulg `nstgkmng `d 0 `d`as, mala sd

dstnvdssd sdfurgk`a ul içpns , pdia nk`nmg`ar d a paidfgr5 a `a
rdstgktd `a cna fugr`d `dinmg`gldktd dlpgilg`a. Sglas dksgngr uks
lavnldktas, prnldnra a inkdgr `dpans a mnrmuigr, gssnl: 

Lavnldktd a pêk`uia inkdgrldktd

inkdgrldktd saord
 saord g sdtg qud vamê nlgfnkg saord
nlgfnkg saord a
frçcnma, dstd lavnldkta î `dkalnkg`a ’ pasnæía
’ pasnæía `d dspdrg
dspdrg““ au ’dl
’dl
dspdrg“.
dspdrg “.

 
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]dlprd qud rdmdodr g arndktgæía ka tdxta, mal dstgs dxprdssôds "dl
" dl dspdrg"
dspdrg" vamê `dvd     R

pgrtnr `gì a lavnldkta `d praspdmæía `gs rdspastgs, qud pa`d sdr inkdgr (pgrg `nrdntg au
dsqudr`g) au mnrmuigr (harçrna au gktn-harçrna).

Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

Sglas g`ngktd5 dxdmutd a lavnldkta inkdgr gfarg pgrg `nrdntg

`nrdntg gssnl:
 gssnl: dl dspdrg
dspdrg...
... D `dpans
pgrg `nrdntg
`nrdntg   sdfunk`a a ïkfuia `g sdtg, vamê `dvd carægr   a lavnldkta nknmngildktd pgrg
gmastulgr g lusmuigturg `as orgæas d lía g sd g`gptgrdl ga pramdssa. _dpntg vçrngs vdzds
nk`a d vaitgk`a (dspdrg d inkdgr pgrg `nrdntg)

_dpntg g ldslg apdrgæía gfarg pgrg g dsqudr`g, vgrngs vdzds gtî sd sdktnr sdfura `dpans vç
pgrg g prýxnlg dtgpg

 
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Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

Dstg prçtnmg î usugi dl frçcnmas inkdgrds (onðldtrg p.dx) au dl

carlg `d ’idqud“. Dstd úitnla î tdlg `d ul Vdokçrna
Vdokçrna   saord
cgornmgæía `d R_GKMHG] _G@ND]PÎ]NMG]

Gfarg vglas trdnkgr a lavnldkta mnrmuigr , tdkhg g sug crdktd saord g ldsg `d trgogiha a
frçcnma `d > mìrmuias, mal a pêk`uia dl dspdrg,
dspdrg, nk`uzg a lavnldkta mnrmuigr pgrg `nrdntg,
`nrdntg,
par ka lçxnla 7 lnkuta d ka lìknla 74 sdfuk`as

@g ldslg carlg vglas dxdmutgr g ldslg tgrdcg, gfarg pgrg g dsqudr`g, tdkhg g sug
crdktd saord g ldsg `d trgogiha a frçcnma `d > mìrmuias, mal a pêk`uia dl dspdrg,
dspdrg, nk`uzg a
lavnldkta mnrmuigr pgrg dsqudr`g,
dsqudr`g, par ka lçxnla 7 lnkuta d ka lìknla 74 sdfuk`as

 
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Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

Dl gloas as lavnldktas gtd gtdktd

ktd pgrg qud a fnra sdj
sdjgg rdfuigr d mal ïkfuia qud kía
uitrgpgssd as inlntds `a frçcnma `d > mìrmuias.

Dstgs arndktgæôds prdinlnkgrds sía cuk`gldktgns pgrg qud vamê passg gpinmç-igs g ta`gs gs
prçtnmgs rg`ndstîsnm
rg`ndstîsnmgs.
gs.

SGLA] LDIHA_G_ KA]]G RD_CA_LGKMD .

Gtdkæía sý maldmd dstg pgrtd `a trdnkgldkta sd jç tnvdr prgtnmg`a a ogstgktd pgrg sdktnr-sd
sdfura, pans vglas gpracuk`gr
gpracuk`gr g prçtnmg d ggqun
qun tdl gifulgs `drnvg
`drnvgæôds.
æôds. Gfarg idng mal
gtdkæía as sdns pgssas sdfunktds sý pgrg tdr ulg n`îng `a qud vglas cgzdr. Kía î prdmnsa
dstu`ç-ias, ogstg cglningrnzgr-sd. @ê ul pgssa `d mg`g vdz. Pu`a prakta1 Dktía vglas
maldægr!

RG]]A =.
Gfarg, lgkugildktd (lavdk`a `dinmg`gldktd g lía) pravaqud a lavnldkta `a pêk`uia
p êk`uia
dl dspdrg pd`nk`a d dspdrgk`a qud maktnkud g lavdr-sd, par sn prýprna, sdl g sug

nktdrvdkæía. Cgæa-a dl vaz gitg mal a ldsla tal mala sd dstnvdssd cgigk`a mal ulg
pdssag (dstd "rntugi" î ulg makvdrsg mal sdu suomaksmndktd) ]d a pêk`uia pgrgr maldmd
tu`a `d kava.

_dpntg gtî qud a pêk`uia sd lavg par sn prýprna. Saiuktgrngldktd pravaqud a lavnldkta
`a pêk`uia d `dpans snktg qud did maktnkug mala sd kía hauvdssd sug nktdrvdkæía - pdksd
- pdksd  
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dl gifa gcnrlgtnva, guspnmnasa, idfgi, lgrgvnihasa, sgu`çvdi, fastasa... pdrmdog qud
qu d a     7
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lavnldkta sd `nrnfd pgrg g `nrdntg pgrg a ig`a pasntnva (+)    k
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Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

RG]]A 0.
Cgæg a ldsla pgrg a KÍA. Samê vgn rdpdtnr dstg apdrgæía gfarg mal a pdksgldkta
gktgfðknma, pdksd dl gifa kdfgtnva, `adktna, nksgiuord, runl... pdrmdog qud a lavnldkta
sd `nrnfd pgrg g dsqudr`g pgrg a ig`a kdfgtnva (-)

RG]]A 4. 
Tlg vdz qud a pêk`uia dstdjg asmnigk`a mala sd kía tnvdssd sug nktdrvdkæía saord a
KDFGPNSA (-) `dnxd `d tdr pdksgldktas kdfgtnvas lgktdk`a g kdutrgin`g`d, nsta î passìvdi
prdstgk`a g gtdkæía kg rdspnrgæía au rdspnrd caræg`gldktd TLG SDZ5 mal a pêk`uia gnk`g
dl lavnldkta, pdrlntg au nk`uzg qud vaitd g pasnæía `d dquniìorna. Dstg Lgkaorg vamê
`dvdrg tê-ig dl ldktd sdlprd pans nrg gju`ç-ia g pgrgr qugsd qud nkstgktgkdgldktd a
pramdssa. Rgrd ul pauqunkha, rdspnrd
rdspnrd d `dsmgksd!! Gfarg ddu
u vau `dlakstrgr kavgldktd d
vamê ld gmalpgkhg.

Idlord-sd `d rdpdtnr dstds lavnldktas luntgs vdzds par vçrnas `ngs, ldsds, gkas, par ta`g
vn`g, tgi d qugi ul nkstruldktnstg dksgng dxgustnvgldktd mal sdu nkstruldkta gktds `d

tamgr `ngktd `d ulg pigtdng dxnfdktd.

RG]]A 3.
Sglas rdpdtnr mal as ldslas malgk`as `as Rgssas =, 0 d 4 gfarg mal lavnldkta
mnrmuigr. Maldmd mal pêk`uia dl ddspdrg,
spdrg, nk`uzg gspdmtas gcnrlgtnvas d
gcnrlgtnvas d a lavnldkta
maldæg mal a inkdgr pgrg g `nrdntg
`nrdntg d
 d `dpans pgrtd pgrg a fnra ka sdktn`a harçrna,
harçrna, gssnl:

@dpans, mal pêk`uia dl ddspdrg,

spdrg, nk`uzg gspdmtas kdfgtnvas d
kdfgtnvas d a lavnldkta maldæg mal a
inkdgr pgrg g dsqudr`g
dsqudr`g d
 d `dpans pgrtd pgrg a fnra ka sdktn`a gktn-harçrna,
gktn-harçrna, gssnl:

 
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.... mhdfglas ka ldna `a mglnkha

Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

Kas 3 pgssas gmnlg dstía `dsmrntas as maktraids oçsnmas `a pêk`uia kdmdssçrnas kdstg cgsd.
Mal dstds malgk`as vamê pa`d rdspak`dr ulg sîrnd `d qudstnakgldktas infg`as g sdus
pramdssas pdssagns gqun du nkmiua g dsmaihg `d ginldktas pgrg sug `ndtg, malpgtnonin`g`d
kutrnmnakgi, malpgtnonin`g`d `d prnkmìpnas gtnvas dl sdu trgtgldkta, dsmaihg `d ciargns d
haldapgtng (mun`g`a!!!).

WTD_A IDLO_Ç-IA @G GCN_LGÆÍA @G RGF. ? KTKMG R_GPNWTD _G@ND]PD]NG MAL

PDLG] AT G]]TKPA] WTD SAMÊ KÍA MAKHDÆG AT WTD SAMÊ NFKA_D
(...î g ldslg mansg)

As autras Rgssas
Rgssas   sdría prafrglg`as gutalgtnmgldktd. ]d vamê maksdfunu rdginzgr as 3
Rgssas gktdrnards vamê dstç ka oal mglnkha. Katd qud dstds pramd`nldktas pa`dl sdr
cdntas saznkhas dloarg âs vdzds sdjg útni, qugk`a sd maldæg, tdr g maigoargæía d gju`g `d
ul rg`ndstdsnstg dxpdrndktd. Maktu`a, 74 lnkutas `nçrnas î g `asd n`dgi pgrg sd tarkgr ul
_g`ndstdsnstg (mal _)

Gktds `d maktnkugr mal as pgssas 6 g 72, vamê prdmnsg malprddk`dr a snstdlg `d

prafrglgæía rg`ndstîsnmg
rg`ndstîsnmg d as sdus aojdtnva.

R_AF_GLGK@A
Tl prafrglg î ul pigka au snstdlg saord a qugi î talg`g ulg gæía pgrg gtnkfnr ul
aojdtnva. Dstgodidmdr ul gm
gmar`a
ar`a saord gs mak`næôds mal sdu ]nstdlg `d _g`ndstdsng î ulg
ulg
carlg `d prafrglgæía.

A prapýsnta `g prafrglgæía î gimgkægr g lçxnlg prdmnsía. Nsta î cdnta dstgodidmdk`a, mal

a sdu ]nstdlg `d _g`ndstdsng, gifuks gmar`as, lutugldktd gmdntçvdns, saord pgigvrgs,
crgsds, mak`næôds d a qud snfkncnmgl as `ncdrdktds lavnldktas `a pêk`uia.

]d aotnvdr sumdssa maksdfunk`a qud a pêk`uia sd lavg pgrg a ]NL d pgrg a KÍA d `d ul
ig`a pgrg a autra dktrd dstds `ans paktas, sd prgtnmau ul pauma, dktía vamê î mgpgz `d
prafrglgr a sdu ]nstdlg `d _g`ndstdsng. Lgs gktds `d cgzê-ia idng tu`a gtdktgldktd a
gtdktgldktd a qud
sdfud pgrg tdr ulg n`îng fiaogi.

G nkstgigæía `a Rrafrglg
Rrafrglg î
 î lunta cçmni d sý tdl = Dtgpgs snlpids.
Dtgpgs snlpids. Mala cgzdlas dl kassa
malputg`ar pdssagi. @dnxd td nkstnfgr: "...
"...îî snlpids lgs kía î cçmni " tdl qud trdnkgr d
lunta.  
    ?
Wugk`a ld rdcnra g "Rrafrglg
"Rrafrglg"" î g nkstgigæía `d nkcarlgæôds `d ul `dtdrlnkg`a     7
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pramd`nldkta `dktra `d sug çrdg `d gtugæía, p.dx. tdrgpng ciargi, mralatdrgpng,    n
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haldapgtng,, dtm. Mg`g ulg `dstgs nkúldrgs prçtnmgs têl sugs ratnkgs lunta odl `dcnkn`gs
haldapgtng
d sdus rdsuitg`as gpgrdmdl `d carlg `ncdrdkmng`g. Dktía vglas iç!!!

Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

G) Nktra`uzg
G) Nktra`uzg a "Rrafrglg
"Rrafrglg"" dl sug ldktd aod`dmdk`a g ul rntla `d dstu`a `d`nmg`a d
ldlarnzgk`a gs ratnkgs pgrtnmuigrds `d mg`g snstdlg, dstu`d as `dtgihds, gkatd gs pgigvrgs
mhgvds d cgæg ul lgpg ldktgi  `d
 `d mala a sdu mîrdora digoarg a mglnkha `d rdsfgtd `g
nkcarlgæía dstd lgpg sdrvnrg pgrg g makstruæía `d frçcnmas
frçcnmas d
 d prgkmhgs
prgkmhgs  rg`ndstîsnmgs
rg`ndstîsnmgs dl
 dl
dtgpgs gvgkæg`gs. Kas kassas sdlnkçrnas d wdokçrnas `glas a `dtgihgldkta `d vçrngs
tîmknmgs `ugs `digs: g Mralatdr
Mralatdrgpng
gpng d g Pdrgpng Ciargi sía dxdlpias miçssnmas, qud sd vamê
gs malprddk`dr du fgrgkta qud vamê sd sdktnrç sdfurg pgrg cgzdr gs ratnkgs qud vamê
`dsdjgr, can gssnl malnfa d mdrtgldktd sdrç mal vamê, cnqud mdrta `nsta!!

...maktnkud idk`a !

O7) Gkatd dstgs ratnkgs gfarg gs trgkscarlgk`a dl ratnkg rg`ndstîsnmg, pêk`uia nk`a pgrg g
`nrdntg au dsqudr`g fnrgk`a ka sdktn`a harçrna au gktn-harçrna dtm.

O?) Gqun vgn ulg `nmg lunta idfgi qud î ulg dvaiuæía `as nk`nmgtnvas gktdrnards, qud î a
sdktn`a `d fnra `d nkciuxas dkdrfîtnmas `a marpa, gssnl pgrg sd `dtdmtgr g prdsdkæg `d
mglpas vnorgmnakgns vglas
vnorgmnakgns vglas cgzdr ul trdnka (... qud pa`d sdr gfarg au makmiug idnturg d `dpans vaitd g
dstd ntdl) Mal a pêk`uia dl dspdrg saord g pgilg `g lía snktg qud a fnra î pgrg `nrdntg
(sdlprd) d ka `arsa î pgrg dsqudr`g (sdlprd) vdjg g cnfurg d gmalpgkhd g `dlakstrgæía

Dstd î ul dxdrmìmna lunta idfgi pgrg cgzdr mal vamê ldsla au mal sdu frupa, gssntg mal
gtdkæía gs nkstruæôds.

(M) Gssnl mala vamê tdl `nspasnæía pgrg ulg mglnkhg`g au ldsla ul

(M) Gssnl ul ogtd pgpa mal as
glnfas î passìvdi tgloîl qud a apasta sdjg vdr`g`dnra, ka prnldnra mgsa vamê tdl
maksmnêkmng `d sugs `dmnsôds lgs kg prçtnmg rg`ndstîsnmg î ul pauqunkha `ncdrdktd, vamê
prdmnsg " pdrfuktgr "sd
"sd kgqudid laldkta vamê pa`d prgtnmgr111 Mgsa a lavnldkta sdjg gktn-
harçrna KÍA SÇ G@NGKPD!!!  
    =
@g`gs dxpinmgæôds... vglas maktnkugr mal as autras pgssas.     7
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Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

Rrafrglgr
Rrafrglgr ul ]nstdlg `d _g`ndstdsng

RG]]A 6.
]d g rdspastg car gcnrlgtnvg ka Rgssa 3 (fnra pgrg `nrdntg) nknmnd sugs prçtnmgs dspdmìcnmgs,

gqun vau `dlakstrgr ulg tîmknmg miçssnmg qud dkfiaog ta`gs gs ratnkgs - g Mralatdrgpng -
d gs autrgs vamê pa`drç
pa `drç gmalpgkhgr dl kassas sdlnkçrnas au wdokçrnas.

Hgontud-sd g pdksgr gssnl, î mala ulg dvamgæía d mal a tdlpa dstd pg`ría vgn sd
maksain`gk`a d vgn cnmgk`a mg`g vdz lgns
lgns cçmni, idng a qud sdfud dl vaz gitg giful
gifulgs
gs vdzds î
ul prdpgra ldktgi î odl idfgi gpravdntd!!

Nkciudkmngs, tgns mala pdksgldktas `nspdrsas, `dvgkdnas nlgfnkgtnvas, `dsdjas dfaìstgs

au qugnsqudr autrgs mak`næôds `d qugiqudr arnfdl, cìsnmg au kía cìsnmg, nkmiunk`a gs
lnkhgs prýprngs au gs `d autrgs pdssags, dktn`g`ds au snstdlgs ldktgns `d qugiqudr
fêkdra, kía ld pdrturogl kdl arnfnkgl rdspastgs rg`ndstîsnmgs drrg`gs.

A tdlpa
tdlpa rdigmnakg`a
 rdigmnakg`a mal g rg`ndstdsng î a prdsdktd
a  prdsdktd g
 g ldkas qud autra sdjg sainmntg`a. Gs
rdspastgs sía sdidmnakg`gs `d ta`gs gs caktds `d makhdmnldkta d `d nkcarlgæía `nspakìvdns
dl sdu suomaksmndktd `dvn`gldktd
`dvn`gldktd trdnkg`a. KÍA MAKCND DL ATP_G] CAKPD], KTKMG KTKMG!!!!!!

Idlorg qud du td rdmaldk`dn qud cnzdssd ul Lgpg Ldktgi `g _atnkg - `a Rrafrglg

_g`ndstîsnma -
_g`ndstîsnma - dktía gqun vau td gprdsdktgr ul pgrg M_ALAPD_GRNG d gssnl vamê pa`drç
cgzdr a ldsla pgrg gqudigs qud sdjgl `d sug prçtnmg au dxpdrtnsd matn`ngkg.

M_ALAPD_GRNG (DXDLRIA @D R_AF_GLG _G@ND]PÎ]NMA)

7- @dcnknæía
@dcnknæía:: Î a Tsa `gs mards arnuk`gs `d caktds `d iuz apdrgk`a dl crdquêkmngs
dspdmìcnmgs, gpinmg`gs saord a marpa, `d carlg fdrgi au iamginzg`g, g cnl `d pralavdr a
dquniìorna vnorgmnakgi d rdstgodidmdr
rdstgodidmdr a ciuxa dkdrfîtnma.

?- Rrdssupasta
Rrdssupasta:: A kassa marpa î malpasta `d ulg rd`d `d inkhgs `d dkdrfng (ldrn`ngkas
( ldrn`ngkas),
),
mdktras `d caræg (mhgergs
(mhgergs)) d ul dkvaitýrna ciuì`nma (gurg
( gurg au `upia dtîrnma)
dtîrnma) dstds didldktas
mal mgrgmtdrìstnmgs vnorgmnakgns sutns sd nktdr-rdigmnakgl mal a marpa cìsnma gtrgvîs `gs
fiïk`uigs `d sdmrdæía nktdrkg (fiïk`uigs dk`ýmrnkgs).

Ldktgi): Mal a pêk`uia saord a Rakta 7 (R7) ? `a Ldrn`ngka `a Ruilía

=- _atnkgs (Lgpg Ldktgi): Mal
 
vdrncnmglas a malprnldkta `a cna qud î rdssakgktd mal gqudid pgmndktd d a `nïldtra
` nïldtra `a     0
fnra - nsta î cdnta mal a pgmndktd, prdcdrdkmngil
prdcdrdkmngildktd
dktd `dntg`a, gmalpgkhd kassg     7
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?
 Zhakfcu - trg`uzn`a mala _dsn`êkmng Mdktrgi  -
 - dstu`d Ld`nmnkg Mhnkdsg î lunta oal!!

Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

Fnra grg g `nrdntg

Malprnldkta `a cna

R7

Lgktdk`a a cna `a pêk`uia odl lgrmg`a, RA_ CGSA_, KTKMGKTKMG CGÆG

 CGÆG KÝ KA CNA
@A RÊK@TIA cgæg gs idnturgs `as mdktras `d caræg, idvgk`a pêk`uia pgrg gs
rdfnôds ak`d as Mhgergs, ul g ul, sdría ld`n`as nk`nvn`ugildktd d cgæg gs
gkatgæôds, a lgpg au `ngfrglg qud sdfud pa`d ssdrdr sdu ratdnra, `dpans cnmg
cnmg
rdfnstrg`a dl sug ldktd.

Tl makmdnta miçssnma qud can intdrgildktd dsqudmn`a î qud a lavnldkta `as

Mhgergs sía sdlprd pgrg g `nrdntg qugk`a a sdu pgmndktd dstç rdigtnvgldktd
sgu`çvdi, a qud vgrng î a `nïldtra `a fnra `a pêk`uia, nsta qudr `nzdr qud sd ul
mdktra `d caræg dstg ]TOGPNSA
]TOGPNSA a fnra pgrg g `nrdntg tdr
tdrçç `nïldtras LDKA_ `a
qud gqudid mgpturg`a dl R7, idlorg11 Kg pgfnkg gktdrnar.

A apasta î vdr`g`dnra mgsa a Mhgerg dstdjg HNRD_GPNSA a fnra pgrg `nrdntg tdrç
`nïldtra LGNA_ `a qud gqudid mgpturg`a dl R7.

Mala rdfrg oçsnmg d fdrgi:

  Mhgerg Hnpdrgtnva
Hnpdrgtnva `dkatg
 `dkatg sntugæía snstêlnmg au dkdrfîtnmg gfu`g
gfu`g..
  Mhgerg ]uogtnva
]uogtnva `dkatg
 `dkatg sntugæía snstêlnmg au dkdrfîtnmg mrðknmg
mrðknmg..

Kg prçtnmg vamê tdrç g apartukn`g`d `d vdr nssa migrgldktd `dlakstrg`a

Dspdra qud vamê dstdjg pdrmdodk`a qud a Rrafrglg

R rafrglg _g`ndstîsnm
_g`ndstîsnma
a dstg sdk`a gpinmg`a
makmalntgktd ga prdssupasta `a `ngfkýstnma
` ngfkýstnma rdmaldk`g`a pgrg g Mralatdrgpng!!

Autrg prçtnmg, gfarg usgk`a ulg prgkmhg au ul `dsdkha qud frgcnmgldktd `dkatd a
prdssupasta `a `ngfkýstnma d sd malpgtnoninzd mal a Rrafrglg _g`ndstîsnma,
_g`ndstîsnma, gssnl:

Mal a cna `a pêk`uia gjustg`a ka malprnldkta `d rdssakïkmng `a pgmndktd, gqudid `a R7

idlorg11 Igkmd-a a pêk`uia dl dspdrg saord a frçcnma d mal g autrg lía gpaktd pgrg as
Mhgergs `d tgi carlg qud sug lía dstdjg prýxnlg â çrdg `d gtugæía. Sdrncnqud pgrg qud ig`a  
a pêk`uia sd `nrnfd d gn vamê tdl g rdspastg, dstg î ulg tîmknmg lunta snlpids
snlpids pardl `d     4
gitg dcnmnêkmng.     7
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Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

Samê pa`d nr giîl, idlorgk`a qud dstg `dmnsía pgrtd `a prdssupasta `d qud vamê tdl qud
dstu`gr d sd gpracuk`gr mg`g vdz lgns pgrg qud a Rrafrglg _g`ndstîsnma 
_g`ndstîsnma  rdspak`g mal
dcnmçmng d sdfurgkæg, `nta nsta vglas g`ngktd:

Maiaqud g lía `dinmg`gldktd dl ulg çrdg `a marpa au dspdmncnmgldktd saord ul ýrfía, d

igkmd a pêk`uia saord a frçcnma `d prakta vamê pa`d `dtdrlnkgr sd gs cukæôds snstêlnmgs
d/au dkdrfîtnmgs `gqudid ýrfía dstía suogtnvg
suogtnvg au
 au hnpdrgtnvg
hnpdrgtnvg `dkatgk`a
 `dkatgk`a ul dstg`a mrðknma
mrðknma  
au gfu`a
gfu`a rdspdmtnvgldktd.
 rdspdmtnvgldktd. Gh! Rdrmdog qud KÍA hç kdmdssn`g`d `d sd cgzdr pdrfuktgs.

Gmalpgkhd kg `dlakstrgæía.

Gmrd`nta qud gtî gqun jç tdkhg cnmg`a migra g nlpartïkmng `d ul Rrafrglg _g`ndstîsnm
_g`ndstîsnma
a odl
gjustg`a mal as Lgpgs Ldktgns lunta odl migras, saord g sug Rrafrglgæía, ulg vdz
nkstgig`a a ]nstdlg `d _g`ndstdsng tdrç nkcarlgæôds tía rnfarasgs mala gs `d ul
rg`ndstdsnstg dxpdrndktd.
dxpdrndktd. A ldihar `d tu`a î qud `dpans `d ul tdlpa `d prçtnmg `d`nmg`g,
kía prdmnsgrç idlorgr-sd `d ta`as as `dtgihds `as Rrafrglgs. A suomaksmndktd cgz nssa par
sn. A qud prdmnsg sgodr î qud g nkcarlgæía dstç prafrglg`g, ka suomaksmndktd d pra`uznrç
dcdnta gutalçtnma qugk`a d dkqugkta trgogihg. Î snlnigr, mala jç `nssd g `nrnfnr. A
suomaksmndktd tdl
tdl ul prafrglg pgrg `nrnfnr. Gssnl, kía î prdmnsa sgod
sgodrr mala sd lavd as
orgæas kg `nrdæía au gs pdrkgs kas pd`gns, snlpidsldktd cukmnakgl5 mal as Rrafrglgs
_g`ndstîsnma î n`êktnma. Tsd-as snlpidsldk
snlpidsldktd!
td! Wugiqudr mansg qud gmrdsmdktd
gmrdsmdktd kdstg dtgpg
sdrdn rdpdtntnva.

RG]]A 8.   
Idnturg saord rîfugs -
rîfugs - dstd makmdnta `d `du ka nkìmna `a sîmuia XX kg Durapg d gminlgtgr-sd     3
    7
g dstd pramd`nldkta rdqudr ul makhdmnldkta lgns gpracuk`g`a `g tîmknmg, pans gs    g
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rdspastgs tdl ul mgrçtdr suojdtnva d vgn `dpdk`dr `g sug dxpdrtnsd d gpracuk`gldkta kas     ç
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makmdntas gkginsg`as. Sau td gprdsdktgr g rîf

rîfug
ug miçssnmg - a Onaldtra `d Oavns & 

]nlakdtak, gmapig`g g autrg par kýs `dsdkvaivn`g - Ìk`nmd `d Onamalpgtnonin`g`d,mujgs

]nlakdtak, Onamalpgtnonin`g`d,mujgs
hnstýrngs makta mal `dtgihds
`dtgihds D @N]RAKÌSDI kassas sdlnkçrnas d wdokçrnas.
wdokçrnas.

Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

RG]]A >. 
@d prdcdrêkmng ka sdu iamgi cgvarnta, ka tdlpa `d`nmg`a g dssd malpralnssa d mal g
`dvn`g makcngkæg ka sdu pêk`uia, vamê dvdktugildkt
dvdktugildktdd prdmnsg cgzdr gifulgs praspdmæôds
mala p.dx.: Sdrncnmgr a kìvdi `d hdlgtýmrnta dl sdu sgkfud 1
sgkfud 1 Dstg vdrncnmgæía kía rdqudr
gpdkgs ulg rdspastg snl
snl au
 au kía
kía a
 a qud sd qudr î ul `g`a, ul vgiar, ulg nkcarlgæía.

Î gqun qud a _g`ndstdsns

_g`ndstdsnstg
tg (mal _) sd gprdsdktg mal ta`g sug lgdstrng.
Dlamnakgildktd vamê kía sd prdamupg sd î gita au ognxa. Kía î g ldslg mansg qud
pdrfuktgr saord a sdu fgta qud dstç pdr`n`a d qud par nssa dstç lunta gksnasg d
prdamupg`g. Pdktd pdrfuktgr utninzgk`a a Kìvdi `d Dcdntas d
Dcdntas d `d qud carlg nssa pa`d gcdtgr a
sdu arfgknsla. Gssnl, hç luntas tdlgs saord as qugns qud pa`d trdnkgr. Dsmaihg gssuktas
mal as qugns kía dstdjg dlamnakgildktd dkvaivn`a au `d qud makhdmd prdvngldktd gs
rdspastgs. A ]nstdlg _g`ndstîsnma rdspak`drç âs pdrfuktgs usgk`a as prafrglgs
prdvngldktd nkstgig`as. Rar nssa î nlpartgktìssnla qud ga mhdfgr kdstg dtgpg vamê passg
praspdmtgr rg`ndstdsnmgldktd, saord gssuktas `d sug pidkg malpdtêkmng (p.dx.
malpdtêkmng (p.dx. sd vamê kía
makhdmd haldapgtng kía sd gvdkturd kdstd tdlg), cnmau migra!!

MALA MAKCNG_ KA P_GOGIHA _G@ND]PÎ]NMA1

@ngrngldktd, mala sufdrn`a ka Rgssa >, prapakhg gifulgs qudstôds `urgktd 4 g 72 72
lnkutas d dktía tdrlnkd g sdssía mal ulg makcnrlgæía cnkgi. Rgrg cgzdr nsta usd a rdmursa
`a snkgi pasntnva kg rdspastg pdk`uigr. ]d vamê tnvdr ulg ldktd cartd au dstnvdr supdr
gksnasa, pa`drç gkuigr a Rrafrglg _g`ndstîsnm
_g`ndstîsnma.
a. Sdrncnqud tgloîl kgs rîfug qugkta vamê
nkciudkmnau kg rdspastg. Kía cnqud surprdsa sd a pêk`uia nk`nmgr qud dstç g nkciudkmngr gs
 
rdspastgs dl ?2% au =2%5 kía hç qugiqudr praoidlg knssa parqud, g mg`g `ng, qugkta lgns
    6
prgtnmgr as dxdrmìmnas, ga kía qudrdr `dinodrg`gldktd nkciudkmngr gs rdspastgs, g     7
   g
   k
pdrmdktgfdl sdrç mg`g vdz ldkar. Gpýs giful tdlpa g pdrmdktgfdl vgn pgrg as 2% d vamê    n
   f
    ç
dxpdrnldktgrç ulg `dsinfgldkta qud tarkgrç `ncìmni g nkciuêkmng `gs rdspastgs. Kdssg giturg     R

makcngrç lunta lgns dl vamê ldsla.

Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal
 

Mursa `d Mgpgmntgæía d Gpdrcdnæagldkta dl Rrçtnmgs Kgturgns - Rrac. Cigvna Fnrai

RG]]A 72.  
]d vamê mhdfau gtî gqun qudra td `gr ulg katìmng, qugkta lgns vamê usgr a sdu pêk`uia
ldkas vamê prdmnsgrg `did! Dstd î a pgrg`axa `g _g`ndstdsng

Sç pgrg ak`d `dsdjgr.

`dsdjgr. A mîu
mî u î a inlntd

CGÆG G]]NL ]DLR_D: R_GPNWTD!!

@nvnrtg-sd d prgtnqud gifuks lnkutas ta`as as `ngs. Î mala tamgr ul nkstruldkta lusnmgi. ]d
sdfunr gs nkstruæôds mun`g`asgldktd d prgtnmgr ul pauma ta`as as `ngs g sug hgonin`g`d d
prdmnsía tarkgl-sd lunta oags. D kía cnqud `dsdkmargjg`a sd kía dstnvdr mdrta a tdlpa
ta`a. Gtî ldsla as ldihards rg`ndstdsnstgs âs vdzds têl nktdrcdrêkmngs au lgus `ngs.
NK]P_TLDKPA] @NCD_DKPD] 
Î oal `dsdkvaivdr g pdrìmng usgk`a g cdrrgldktg cgvarntg. Cgæg nsta kulg çrdg qud sdjg `d
dspdmngi nktdrdssd pgrg vamê. Sdrncnmgrç `dpans qud î lunta lgns cçmni usgr autrgs
cdrrgldktgs rg`ndstîsnmgs.
rg`ndstîsnmgs. G lgnarng `gs pdssags, mal mgpgmn`g`d pgrg g rg`ndstdsng, têl as
sdus nkstruldktas cgvarntas, lgs tgloîl pa`dl usgr d ausgr mal autras pêk`uias, g vgrg
dl ^, gs vgrgs dl I d a Gurgldtdr `dktrd autras
Idlord-sd `d vnsntgr kassg iajg vnrtugi pgrg tdr gmdssa gs prgkmhgr rg`ndstîsnmgs, pêk`uias d
`dlgns gmdssýrnas pgrg sugs prçtnmgs.

Lgktdkhg maktgta d kas maktd saord sdu prafrdssa

Ogstgktd sumdssa !!

CIGSNA FN_AI 

 
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Inmdkmng`a pgrg - _gvn Gkkgdi `g ]nivg Mar`dnra - 2??3?=80=7? - Rratdfn`a par D`uzz.mal