[lògr1
A\LQ HBEGUBH ML EG@G]B.
L. [. M.

ULD1 BKKIÛF ML ]\]LHB ML JBUIELH BJ_BUG ALULQ BJLQR\I]B T/[

F\LTB L_[ Y/G KGH_LF[IGFL[

Ulspltbmg Mgktgr(b)1
JBUIELH BJ_BUG ALULQ BJLQR\I]B, jbygr ml lmbm, imlftidikbmb kgf hb
kémuhb ml kiumbmbfêb Fg.;<.=92.<;<, bktubfmg kgjg plraumikbmb mirlktb y lf
fgjerl prgpig, kgjlmimbjlftl jbfidilstg b su mlspbkcg qul pgr jlmig mlh
prlslftl
prlslftl lskrit
lskritg
g iftlrpgf`g BKK
iftlrpgf`g BKKIÛ
IÛF
F ML ]\]]\]LHB
LHB,, ge
gerbf
rbfmgmg pb
pbrb
rb lh ld
ldlk
lktg
tg lf
kbusb prgpib, bh slògr Aulz kgf tgmg rlspltg, jl plrjitg sghikitbrhl prgtlkkiûf
ifjlmibtb
ifjlmibtb b jis mlrlkcgs dufmbjlftbhls
dufmbjlftbhls bh jêfij
jêfijg
g vitbh> hb sl`uri
sl`urimbm
mbm sgkibh> b hb
i`ubhmbm
pltikiûf,
pltiki bftlkubhls
ûf, hgs hb hly,vilflf
bh mleimg prgklsg,
silfmg rlspltgpgr
vuhflrbmgs b hb mi`fimbm
F\LTB cujbfb,
L_[ mlrlkcgtbmg
[.B. rlprlslf ml
rlprlslftbmg
pgr lh slògr AG[L DLUFBFMG KBUMGFB g pgr quilf cb`b sus vlkls y/g  B.D._.
KGHDGFMG[ [.B,, [.B,, kgf mgjikihig lf Eg`gtâ M. K., y pgr hg tbftg mispgf`b hg
plrtiflftl, b dif ml qul hb prl-kitbmb lftimbm grmlfl lh pb`g ml hbs ifkbpbkimbmls
Fg. =?34505, =?3454;, =5<5;25, =5<;099, =53;099, =;3;90<,
=;02342,==4?934, =4;24??, =4;2454, =3?455=, =3?4554.
CLKCG[
_UIJLUG1 MlMlsm
sml
l lh bò
bòg
g 5?
5?23
23,, jl lf
lfkkul
ulft
ftrg
rg sg
sghihiki
kittbf
bfmg
mg lh pb
pb`g
`g ml hb
hbss
ifkbpbkimbmls lh pb`g ml hbs ifkbpbkimbmls Fg. =?34505, =?3454;, =5<5;25,
=5<;099, =53;099, =;3;90<, =;02342,==4?934, =4;24??, =4;2454, =3?455=,
=3?4554.
[L@\FMG1
[L@\FM G1 Lh aulvls < ml jbrzg ml 5?5?, F\LTB L_[ fil`b lh pb`g ml hbs
ifkbpbkimbmls bmukilfmg qul lstb gehi`bkiûf yb fg ls ml su kgjpltlfkib y qul
mlel
ml el sl
slrr sg
sghihiki
kitb
tbmb
mb b KG
KGH_
H_LF
LF[I
[IGF
GFL[
L[>> b su vlvlzz  B.D._. KGHDGFMG[ [.B
mirlkkigfb hbs rlspulstbs ifvgkbfmg qul hb gehi`bkiûf rlkbl sgerl hb L_[.
]LUKLUG1 Lf rlitlrbmbs gkbsigfls jl cl miri`img ml jbflrb plrsgfbh y jl cl
kgjufikbmg pgr vêb tlhldûfikb b hb lftimbm B.D._. KGHDGFMG[ [.B> tlfmilftl b
getlflr lh rlkgfgkijilftg y pb`g ml jis ifkbpbkimbmls sif qul, cbstb lh jgjlftg
ml hb prlslftbkiûf ml lstb bkkiûf, cbhhbf mbmg rlspulstb pgsitivb b ji sghikitum,
mlh pb`g ml jis ifkbpbkimbmls.
K\BU]G1 B hb dlkcb fg cl rlkieimg fgtidikbkiûf g rlpulstb bh`ufb pgr pbrtl ml
 B.D._. KGHDGFMG[ [.B b
[.B b hb ijpu`fbkiûf ijpltrbmb.
 

R\IF]G1 ]rbfskurrimg jâs ml uf bòg sif sghukiûf b jis jñhtiphls sghikitum, lf

dlkcbWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW, bkumê bh mlrlkcg ml pltikiûf kgfsb`rbmg lf fulstrb
Kgfstitukiûf Fbkigfbh, sif qul cbstb hb dlkcb sl cbyb prgfufkibmg hb lftimbm
bkkigfbmb
[LS]G1 Jbfidilstg qul si eilf ls kilrtg, sgy uf sualtg ml prgtlkkiûf hbegrbh
rldgrzbmb, fg ls jlfgs kilrtg qul hb fl`btivb pgr pbrtl ml hb B.D._. y hb F\LTB
L._.[, y hb pbfmljib mlh Kgrgfbvirus (KGTIM-29), jl lstâf bdlktbfmg, cbstb lh
puftg lf qul sgf lvimlftl hb bdlktbkigfls hbs kubhls sl lxtilfmlf b ji dbjihib,
puls bh slftirjl bsê, jl mb jukcb rbeib fg pgmlrhbs kujphir kgf jis gehi`bkiûf
dbjihi
dbj ihibrls
brls bmq
bmquiri
uirimbs,
mbs, y lf hb bkt
bktubh
ubhimb
imbm
m pb`
pb`gg brrl
brrlfmg,
fmg, bmlumg hgs slrvslrviki
ikigs
gs
pñehikgs mgjikihibrigs y fg cl pgmimg kujphir kgf hb , lstg b rbêz ml hb fl`btivb pgr 
pbrtl ml hb B.D._. KGHDGFGMG[ y ji Ljphlbmgr, hb kubh jl hhlvg b ifikibr mikcb
bkkiûf, bh fg kgfklmlrjl lh _b`g ml hbs Ifkbpbkimbmls, y pgr pbrtl ml ji
Ljphlbmgr hbs prlstbkigfls sgkibhls, cbstb lh puftg qul sl jl lstâ vilfmg
bdlktbmg lh mlrlkcg, b hb Timb Mi`fb, bh ]rbebag, b hb [bhum y bh Jêfijg Titbh y
Jûvih.
[É_]IJG1 Lh [lò[lògr
gr DB
DBEI
EIGG HL
HLGF
GFBUBUMG
MG UG UGMU
MUI@
I@\L
\LQQ [I[ILU
LUUB
UB,, lj
ljph
phlb
lbmg
mgr 
r 
bpgrtbftl g kgtizbftl ml hb suskritb, lf kbrtbs rbmikbmbs lf dlkcb 5= ml dlerlrg ml
5?5?, b F\LTB L_[, kgbmyuvb hbs sghikitumls mlh mlrlkcg
GK]BTG1 Kgfsi
Kgfsimlrg
mlrg gpgrtufg cbklr jlfki
jlfkiûfûf ml hb [lftlfkib, ]-=?2/5
]-=?2/5?20,
?20, aufig
5; /5?20,
/5?20, ml Hb Cgfgrbe
Cgfgrbehl
hl Kgr
Kgrtl
tl Kgf
Kgfsti
stituk
tukigf
igfbh,
bh, pgrq
pgrqul
ul cbkl
cbkl jlf
jlfkiûf
kiûf pbrb
getlfl
getlflrr rlkg
rlkgfgki
fgkijil
jilftg
ftg y pb`
pb`g
g ml ifk
ifkbpb
bpbkim
kimbml
bmlss hbe
hbegrbh
grbhls
ls mlrivbm
mlrivbmbs
bs ml uf
bkkimlftl g ml gri`lf kgjñf y `ubrmb rlhbkiûf kgf bh`ufbs ml hbs prltlfsigfls y
Mlrlkcgs ml lstb bkkiûf., bh rlspltg jl plrjitg kitbr bh`ufgs bpbrtls ml hb
jlfkigfbmb slftlfkib.
[lftlf
[lftlfki
kib,
b, ]-
]-=?
=?2/
2/5?
5?20
20,, Aufi
Aufig
g 5; ml mlhh 5?
5?20,
20, CgCgfg
fgrb
rbeh
ehll Kg
Kgrt
rtll
Kgfstitukigfbh J._. Mgktgrb. @hgrib [tlhhb Grtiz Mlh`bmg.
Ulkgfgkijilftg
Ulkgfgkijilftg ml ifkbp
ifkbpbkimbm
bkimbmls
ls hbegrbhls
hbegrbhls pgstl
pgstlrigr
rigrls
ls bh mêb
<=?.

Hbs lvlftubhimbmls
hgs 23? y rlspgfsbeihimbmls
mêbs kgfmuklf b ufb lvbhubkiûf lf
pgrjbtlrib mlhbs
pbrtl ml ifkbpbkimbmls qul suplrbf
butgrimbmls kbhidikbmgrbs
bklrkb ml hb pérmimb ml kbpbkimbm hbegrbh. \fb vlz ldlktubmb hb kbhidikbkiûf, hgs
lsklfbrigs pgsiehls sgf1
(i) qul fg lxistb pérmimb ml kbpbkimbm hbegrbh rlhlvbftl pbrb lh [istljb
@lflrbh ml [l`urimbm [gkibh, lstg ls, kubfmg lh pgrklftbal ml pérmimb ml
kbpb
kbpbki
kimb
mbm
m hbeg
hbegrb
rbhh gski
gskihb
hb lf
lftr
trl
l ?% y <% <%>> (i
(ii)
i) qul
qul sl pr
prls
lslf
lftl
tl ufb
ufb
ifkbpbkimbm plrjbflftl pbrkibh, lstg ls kubfmg lh pgrklftbal ls suplrigr bh
<% l ifdlrigr bh <?%> y (iii) qul sl `lflrl ufb kgfmikiûf ml ifvbhimlz
kubfmg lh pgrklftbal ls suplrigr bh <?%. Hbs plrsgfbs ifkbpbkitbmbs ml
dgrjb pbrkibh y plrjbflftl (ls mlkir, ifdlrigr bh <?%), sl lfkulftrbf lf ufb
situbkiûf bmvlrsb, lf hb jlmimb lf qul fg tilflf hb phlfitum ml hb dulrzb ml
trbebag, plrg fg sgf kgfsimlrbmbs tékfikbjlftl ifvâhimbs.
 

Lf lstgs kbsgs, kgjg sl ifmikû bftlrigrjlftl, ls khbrg qul lxistl ufb gehi`bkiûf
lf kbelzb mlh ljphlbmgr ml rliftl`rbr bh bdlktbmg b uf pulstg ml trbebag qul lsté
bkgrml b sus fulvbs kgfmikigfls ml sbhum. Lf gtrbs pbhberbs, lh trbebabmgr sl
cbkl bkrllmgr mlh mlrlkcg b hb lstbeihimbm hbegrbh rldgrzbmb, mlsbrrghhbmg pgr lstb
Kgrtl b pbrtir mlh brtêkuhg 54 ml hb Hly ;42 ml 2990.
 Bcgrb eilf, kbel prl`uftbrsl ·qué suklml
s uklml kgf lh ljphlbmg qul, b plsbr ml tlflr 
ufb ifkbpbkimbm plrjbflftl pbrkibh, si`ul kgf prgehljbs ml sbhum ml tbh êfmghl
qul hl ijpimlf jémikbjlftl lalrklr su trbebag7 Ls mlkir, ·qué pbsb kubfmg,
b`gt
b`gtbm
bmg
g tg
tgmg
mg lh prgprgkl
klmi
miji
jilf
lftg
tg bftl
bftlss rl
rlhb
hbtb
tbmg,
mg, lh tr
trbeb
bebab
abmg
mgrr fg geti
getilf
lfl
l uf
pgrklftbal suplrigr bh <?% ml pérmimb ml kbpbkimbm hbegrbh, plrg buf bsê kgftifñb
rlkieilfmg klrtidikbmgs jémikgs ml ifkbpbkimbm hbegrbh, pbsbmgs hgs rldlrimgs <=?
mêbs7 Lstbs prl`uftbs sl pulmlf bkhbrbr mlsml mgs puftgs ml vistb1
Lh prijlrg, bpuftb b rlvbhubr hb rlbh kbpbkimbm ml trbebag mlh bdlktbmg, lf lsplkibh
rlsplktg mlh kgfklptg ml ifvbhimlz, puls sl`ñf hb aurisprumlfkib ml hb Kgrtl
Kgfstitukigfbh y ml hb Kgrtl [uprljb ml Austikib, ‘hb ifvbhimlz ls uf lstbmg qul
tilfl rlhbkiûf mirlktb kgf lh ifmivimug y kgf hb sgkilmbm lf hb kubh sl mlslfvulhvl,
lh kritlrig ml lvbhubkiûf mlel tlflr pbtrgfls kilftêdikgs qul jimbf cbstb qué
puftg lh trbebabmgr qulmb bdlktbmg pbrb mlsljplòbr hb hbegr ml bkulrmg kgf hbs
kbrbktlrêstikbs mlh jlrkbmg hbegrbh‚.
Ml hg prlklml
prlklmlftl
ftl sl pulml kghl`i
kghl`irr qul ufb plrsgfb qul, plsl b fg kgfsimlrbrs kgfsimlrbrsl l
té
tékf
kfik
ikbj
bjlf lftl
tl lf lstbm
lstbmgg ml if ifvb
vbhihiml
mlz,
z, si`u
si`ull if
ifkb
kbpbk
pbkititbm
bmb
b pbpbrb
rb trtrbeb
bebab
abrr kg
kgff
pgstlrigrimbm b hgs <=? mêbs, pgr jgtivgs btrieuiehls b hb rbzûf priji`lfib ml hb
ifkbpbkimbm, mlel kgftbr kgf uf jlkbfisjg pbrb rllvbhubr su pgrklftbal ml
cbeihimbm pbrb hbegrbr lsplkibhjlftl lf bqulhhgs kbsgs lf qul lh kgfklptg ml
rlcbeihitbkiûf qul hl bphikb ls mlsdbvgrbehl, puls lh pgrklftbal ml pérmimb ml
kbpbkimbm hbegrbh lstâ êftijbjlftl rlhbkigfbmg kgf su hbegr u gdikig. [gerl lstl
puftg sl cbrâ rldlrlfkib jâs bmlhbftl. Lh sl`ufmg puftg ml vistb lstâ rlhbkigfbmg
kgf
kg f hb mlsmlspr
prgt
gtlkk
lkkiû
iûf
f qu
qull lf
lfdr drlf
lftbtb ufb pl plrsg
rsgfb
fb qu qull rl
rlki
kiel
el ififkbp
kbpbki
bkimb
mbmlmlss
prghgf`bmbs jâs bhhâ ml <=? mêbs puls, lf prifkipig, fg lxistêb ufb gehi`bkiûf
hl`bh ml pb`g ml mikcgs klrtidikbmgs b kbr`g ml fif`ufb ml hbs lftimbmls qul
if
iftl
tl`rb
`rbff lh [ist
[istlj
ljbb ml [l`ur
[l`urimbimbmm [g [gki
kibh
bh,, kgf hg ku kubh
bh lh tr
trbeb
bebab
abmgr
mgr ququlm
lmbe
bebb
mlsprgtl`img.
Lstb situbkiûf dul ifikibhjlftl mlskritb pgr lstb Kgrtl jlmibftl slftlfkib ]-=43
ml 5?2?, lf hb kubh sl bmvirtiû qul lh trbebabmgr sl lfkgftrbeb mlsprgtl`img pgr hb
buslf
bu slfki
kib
b ml rl`
rl`uh
uhbk
bkiû
iûf
f hl
hl`b
`bhh sg
sgerl
erl mikcb
mikcb jbjbtltlrib
rib,, puls
puls fg lxislxistê
têb
b kh
khbri
brimb
mbmm
rlsplktg ml hb lftimbm qul mleêb bsujir lh pb`g mlh buxihig pgr ifkbpbkimbm. Bsê
jisjg, hb prgvimlfkib slòbhû qul hb situbkiûf ljplgrbeb lf bqulhhgs kbsgs lf hgs
kubhls fg rlsuhtbeb pgsiehl lh rliftl`rg bh kbr`g, mleimg b hb jisjb ifkbpbkimbm
mlh trbebabmgr pbrb rlifkgrpgrbrsl b sus dufkigfls. Hb Kgrtl sgstuvg qul, ‘lf lh
bftlrigr kbsg, lh trbebabmgr qulmbrêb mlsprgvistg mlh pb`g ml hbs ifkbpbkimbmls
hbegrbhls mlspués mlh mêb <=2 (…) pgr tbftg, sif sustlftg lkgfûjikg pbrb su
kgf`rub suesistlfkib‚

Ml i`ubh jgmg,
situbkiûf lxphi
lxphikû
kû qul
ml mlsi`ubhmbm lstb situbkiûf
rlsplktg mlabrê
mlabrêb
b mlsprgtl`img
ml hgs bdihibmgs bh trbebabmgr
kuyb ifkbpbkimbm y lf
plrjbflftl
 

pbrkibh sl gri`ifb lf ufb lfdlrjlmbm prgdlsigfbh, puls si hb lfdlrjlmbm ls ml

gri`lf kgjñf ‘fg tlfmrâ mlrlkcg b ifmljfizbkiûf, kgftrbrig b hg qul suklml
kubfmg (…) tilfl su gri`lf lf ufb lfdlrjlmbm ml gri`lf prgdlsigfbh‚.
]bjeiéf, lf hb kitbmb prgvimlfkib, lstb Kgrpgrbkiûf ifmikû qul fi hb L_[ fi hb BD_
cbeêbf
cbeêbf vuh
vuhflr
flrbmg
bmg hgs mlrlkcgs
mlrlkcgs duf
dufmbjl
mbjlftb
ftbhls
hls mlh lft
lftgfkl
gfklss bkk
bkkigf
igfbft
bftl,
l, pgr 
kgfsimlrbr qul fg lxistêb fif`ufb fgrjb hl`bh qul lstipuhbrb hb gehi`bkiûf ml
rlkgfgklr lh pb`g ml ifkbpbkimbmls ml gri`lf kgjñf qul lxklmilrbf hgs <=?
mêbs.
Fg gestbftl, bkhbrû qul hl bsistêbf gtrgs mlrlkcgs mlrivbmgs ml hb rlhbkiûf hbegrbh
vi`lftl, lftrl hgs qul sl lfkgftrbebf1
(i) qul su ljphlbmgr jbftlfêb lh mlelr ml cbklr bpgrtls b hb sl`urimbm sgkibh lf
su elfldikig> (ii) hb pgsieihimbm ml rliftl`rg ufb vlz sl bhkbfzbrb su rlcbeihitbkiûf>
y (iii) hb gpgrtufimbm ml qul su pérmimb ml kbpbkimbm hbegrbh dulrb fulvbjlftl
vbhgrbmb.
Kgf pgstlrigrimbm b mikcg dbhhg, hb Kgrtl prgdiriû hb slftlfkib ]-43= ml 5?2? lf hb
kubh, si eilf sl cikilr
cikilrgf
gf bh`ufbs kgfsimlrbki
kgfsimlrbkigfls
gfls lf tgrfg bh médik
médikitit ml prgtlkk
prgtlkkiûf
iûf
ml hgs bsl`urbmgs kgf ifkbpbkimbmls prghgf`bmbs pgr jâs ml <=? mêbs, sl
mlkimiû
mlkimiû fl`br pgr ijprgklmlf
ijprgklmlftltl hb bkkiûf ml tutlhb mleimg b qul lh kbsg kgfkrltg
cbeêb simg rlsulhtg pgr ufb slftlfkib bftlrigr.
 Bprgxijbmbjlftl trls bògs jâs tbrml, hb slftlfkib ]-304 ml 5?2;, rlitlrû qul
lxistêb ufb mlsprgtlkkiûf hl`bh lf uf kbsg lf lh kubh sl plrsl`uêb lh pb`g ml
ifkbpbkimbmls suplrigrls b hgs <=? mêbs.
Lf lsb prgvimlfkib, lstb Kgrpgrbkiûf lstijû qul fg sl vuhflrbebf hgs mlrlkcgs
dufmbjlftbhls mlh tutlhbftl, pgr kubftg hb L_[ y hb BD_ cbeêbf pb`bmg hbs
ifkbpb
ifkbpbkim
kimbmls
bmls rlsp
rlsplkt
lktivb
ivbs.
s. Lf kgfslku
kgfslkulfk
lfkib,
ib, fl`
fl`ûû pbrk
pbrkibh
ibhjlf
jlftl
tl lh bjp
bjpbrg
brg y
grmlfû ufb fulvb kbhidikbkiûf bh lftgfkls bkkigfbftl.
 Bcgrb eilf, mleimg bh médikit ml prgtlkkiûf hl`bh qul bdrgftbrgf hgs bsl`urbmgs kgf
ifkbpbkimbmls prghgf`bmbs pgr jâs ml <=? mêbs, yb slb pgrqul fg cb simg
kbhidikbmg
kbhidikbmg su pgrklft
pgrklftbal
bal ml pérmim
pérmimb
b ml kbpbkimbm hbegrbh g pgrqul su misji misjifukiûf
fukiûf
gkupbk
gku pbkigfb
igfbhh ls ifdlri
ifdlrigr
gr bh <?%
<?%,, ls flk
flklsbr
lsbrig
ig rlsb
rlsbhtb
htbrr qul tbh vbkêg hl`bh dul
bmvlrtimg rlkilftljlftl pgr lh Kgf`rlsg ml hb Ulpñehikb, quilf b trbvés ml hb Hly
20<; ml 5?2< ‛Hly mlh _hbf Fbkigfbh ml Mlsbrrghhg 5?2=-5?23‛, btrieuyû lh pb`g
ml hbs ifkbpbkimbmls suplrigrls b hgs <=? mêbs b hbs lftimbmls prgjgtgrbs ml
sbhu
sbhum m (L
(L_[
_[)) y rbrbmi
mikû
kû lf kbel
kbelzb
zb ml
mlhh @g
@gei
eilr
lrfg
fg FbFbkikigf
gfbh
bh,, hb ge
gehihi`b
`bki
kiûf
ûf ml
rl
rl`hb
`hbjljlft
ftbr
br lh prgkl
prgklmimiji
jilf
lftg
tg ml rlv
rlvis
isiû
iûf
f pl
plririûm
ûmik
ikb
b ml hb if ifkb
kbpbk
pbkim imbm,
bm, pbrb
pbrb
sghukigfbr hgs mgs puftgs ml vistb bfbhizbmgs lf hgs dufmbjlftgs aurêmikgs 53 y 59
ml lstb slftlfkib. Lf ldlktg, lh brtêkuhg 40 ml hb Hly 20<; ml 5?2<, ifmikû1
‘BU]ÊK\HG 40. Ulkursgs qul bmjifistrbrâ hb lftimbm bmjifistrbmgrb ml
hgs rlkursgs mlh [istljb @lflrbh ml [l`urimbm [gkibh lf [bhum. Hb Lftimbm
bmjifistrbrâ hgs si`uilftls rlkursgs1 Lstgs rlkursgs sl mlstifbrâf b1

b) Lh rlkgfgkijilftg
bsl`urbjilftg y pb`g
y mljâs b hbs Lftimbmls
prlstbkigfls qul sl _rgjgtgrbs
rlkgfgklf bml
hgs[bhum pgr bh
bdihibmgs lh
 

[ist
[istlj
ljbb @l
@lfl
flrbh
rbh ml [l
[l`ur
`urim
imbm
bm [g
[gki
kibh
bh lf [b
[bhu
hum,
m, if
ifkh
khui
uimg
mg lh pb`g
pb`g ml
ifkbpbkimbmls pgr lfdlrjlmbm ml gri`lf kgjñf qul suplrlf hgs quifilftgs
kubrlftb (<=?) mêbs kgftifugs. Lh @geilrfg Fbkigfbh rl`hbjlftbrâ, lftrl
gtrbs kgsbs, lh prgklmijilftg ml rlvisiûf plriûmikb ml hb ifkbpbkimbm pgr 
pbrtl ml hbs L_[, lh jgjlftg ml kbhidikbkiûf mldifitivb, y hbs situbkigfls ml
beu
eusg
sg ml
mlhh ml
mlrl
rlkc
kcg
g qu
qul
l `l
`lfl
flrl
rlf
f hb su susp
splf
lfsi
siûf
ûf mlmlhh pb
pb`g
`g ml ls lsbs
bs
ifkbpbkimbmls.‚ (Ulsbhtbmg ml hb [bhb) Kgjg sl pulml geslrvbr lf hb
fgrjb trbfskritb, lh Hl`ishbmgr bsi`fû hb rlspgfsbeihimbm ml sudrb`br hbs
ifkbpbkimbmls suplrigrls b <=? mêbs b hbs L_[, quilfls pgmrâf plrsl`uir 
lh rlkgfgkijilftg y pb`g ml hbs sujbs kbfklhbmbs pgr mikcg kgfklptg bftl
hb lfti
lftimb
mbm
m bm
bmji
jifi
fist
strb
rbmg
mgrb
rb ml hgs
hgs rl
rlku
kurs
rsgs
gs ml
mlhh [i
[ist
stlj
ljbb @l
@lfl
flrb
rbhh ml
[l`urimbm [gkibh lf [bhum, sl`ñf hg prlskritg lf lh brtêkuhg 40 ml hb Hly
20<; ml 5?2<.
I`ubhjlftl, kgfvilfl bkhbrbr qul lh mlelr hl`bh ml bsujir hbs ifkbpbkimbmls
gri`ifbmbs lf lfdlrjlmbm kgjñf qul suplrlf hgs <=? mêbs (qul, sl rlitlrb, lstâ
lf kbelzb ml hbs L_[) fg sl lfkulftrb kgfmikigfbmg b qul sl cbyb surtimg hb
kbhidikbkiûf ml pérmimb ml kbpbkimbm hbegrbh, tgmb vlz qul hb dbhtb ml mihi`lfkib ml
hbs lftimbmls fg pulml mlrivbr lf ufb kbr`b jâs `rbvgsb pbrb quilf bdrgftb ufb
ifkbpbkimbm prghgf`bmb.
Kgf dufmbjlftg lf lstb fgrjbtivb, ls khbrg qul lf tgmgs hgs kbsgs duturgs, lstg
ls, hgs suskitbmgs b pbrtir ml hb vi`lfkib ml hb hly ‛9 ml aufig ml 5?2<‛, lh aulz
kgfst
kgfstitituki
ukigf
gfbh
bh y hbhbss lf
lftitimbm
mbmls
ls qulqul ififtl
tl`r
`rbf
bf lh [i
[ist
stlj
ljb b ml [l
[l`u
`uri
rimb
mbmm [g[gki
kibh
bh
mlel
ml elrâ
râf f bkbt
bkbtbr
br hg misp
mispul ulst
stg
g lf mikc mikcgg pr
prlk
lklp
lptg
tg hl`b
hl`bh.h. Fg gest
gestbf
bftl
tl,, lstb
lstb
Kgrpgrbkiûf cb grmlfbmg hb bphikbkiûf rltrgbktivb mlh brtêkuhg 40 ml hb Hly 20<;
ml 5?2<, kgf ebsl prifkipbhjlftl lf lh prifkipig ml i`ubhmbm jbtlribh bftl uf
médikit ml prgtlkkiûf prlvibjlftl bmvlrtimg pgr hb Kgrtl Kgfstitukigfbh. Lf lstb
jlmi
jl mimb
mb,, sl cb bm bmjijititimg
mg hb bp
bphihikbk
kbkiû
iûf
f ml hb kitb
kitbmb
mb hlhlyy rls
rlsplk
plktg
tg ml plplrêrêgm
gmgs
gs
bftlrigrls b su vi`lfkib, lf virtum ml pgmlrgsbs rbzgfls kgfstitukigfbhls kgjg hg
sgf1
(i) hb flklsimbm ml lvitbr qul sl `lflrl uf trbtg mlsi`ubh lftrl hbs plrsgfbs
kuybs ifkbpbkimbmls
ifkbpbkimbmls dulrgf lxplmimbs kgf bftlri
bftlrigrimbm
grimbm b hb vi`lfkib ml hb
fgrjb lf kulstiûf y bqulhhbs qul `gzbf ml klrtidikbmgs ml ifkbpbkimbm
ljitimgs kgf pgstlrigrimb> (ii) qul hbs plrsgfbs qul rlkhbjbf lh pb`g ml
ifkbpbkimbmls suplrigrls b hgs <=? mêbs kgftifugs fg cbf kgfsl`uimg
rliftl`rbrsl b hb vimb hbegrbh plrg tbjpgkg cbf simg kbhidikbmgs kgf ufb
pérmimb ml kbpbkimbm hbegrbh mldifitivb, kgf hg kubh sl lvimlfkib su situbkiûf
ml vuhflrbeihimbm qul gri`ifb lsplkibh prgtlkkiûf mlh Lstbmg> y (iii) qul
bufqul hb bphikbkiûf ml hb hly ijpgfl ufb kbr`b bmjifistrbtivb b hbs L_[,
mikcbs lftimbmls tilflf plrjitimg rlpltir bftl lh Lstbmg pgr hgs vbhgrls
pb`bmgs, kgf hg qul sl bsl`urb hb sgstlfieihimbm lkgfûjikb mlh [istljb
@lfl
@l flrbh
rbh ml [l
[l`u
`urim
rimbm
bm [gk
[gkib
ibhh lf [b
[bhu
hum.
m. Auris
Aurispru
pruml
mlfki
fkib
b kg
kgfst
fstitituki
ukigf
gfbh
bh
pgstlrigr b hb vi`lfkib ml hb Hly 20<; ml 5?2< lf jbtlrib ml ifkbpbkimbmls
pgstlrigrls b hgs <=? mêbs.
 

Lf kgfsgfbfkib kgf lh kbjeig fgrjbtivg qul sl prgmuag kgf hb iftrgmukkiûf ml hb

Hly 20<; ml 5?2< lf lh grmlfbjilftg aurêmikg, hbs [bhbs ml Ulvisiûf ml lstb
Kgrpgrbkiûf cbf gelmlkimg lstl jbfmbtg hl`bh y cbf bphikbmg hb mispgsikiûf qul,
kgf khbrimbm, bsi`fb b hbs L_[ hb rlspgfsbeihimbm lf lh rlkgfgkijilftg y pb`g ml
hbs ifkbpbkimbmls qul sl prghgf`bf jâs bhhâ ml hgs <=? mêbs.
Ml lstl jgmg, lf hb slftlfkib ]-2== ml 5?24, hb [bhb Ruiftb ml Ulvisiûf lstumiû

lh kbsg ml
gkbsigfû qulufb kiumbmbfb
dulrb qul pgr
ifkbpbkitbmb sudriû
jâsufml`rbvl bkkimlftl
<=? mêbs. ml trâfsitg,
[if ljebr`g, lh kubh
sl miktbjifû
qul hb tutlhbftl tlfêb uf pgrklftbal ml pérmimb ml kbpbkimbm hbegrbh ifdlrigr bh
<?%, pgr hg kubh fg kujphêb kgf hgs rlquisitgs pbrb bkklmlr b hb plfsiûf ml
ifvbhimlz, plsl b qul kgftifubeb lf ifkbpbkimbm jémikb. Lf lstl kbsg, hb Kgrtl
kgfkhuyû
kgfkhuy û qul hb gehi`
gehi`bkiûf
bkiûf ml rlkgfgk
rlkgfgklr
lr y pb`br hbs ifkbpbkimbmls
ifkbpbkimbmls pgstlrigrls bh
mêb <=? lstbeb b kbr`g ml hbs L_[, lf virtum ml hb Hly 20<; ml 5?2<. Lf tbh
slftimg, lstbehlkiû trls rl`hbs pbrb hb bphikbkiûf ml lstl jbfmbtg qul, lf térjifgs
`lflrbhls, sgf hbs si`uilftls1
(i) lxistl hb flklsimbm ml `brbftizbr ufb prgtlkkiûf hbegrbh rldgrzbmb b hgs
trbebabmgrls qul cbf vistg jlfgskbebmb su kbpbkimbm hbegrbh y tilflf
ifkbpbkimbmls prghgf`bmbs plrg su pgrklftbal ml misjifukiûf gkupbkigfbh
fg suplrb lh <?%> (ii) lh mlelr hl`bh ijpulstg b hbs L_[ rlsplktg ml hbs
ifkb
ifkbpbpbki
kimb
mbml
mlss pg
pgst
stlr
lrig
igrl
rlss bh mêb
mêb <=<=?
? ls ge gehihi`b
`btg
tgri
rig
g pb
pbrb
rb tgmb
tgmbss hbshbs
butgrimbmls y lftimbmls mlh [@[[[. [if ljebr`g, kbel bfgtbr qul hbs
lftitimb
lf mbml
mlss pr
prgj
gjgt
gtgr
grbs
bs pu
pulm
lmlf
lf plrs
plrsl`
l`ui
uirr hg pb
pb`b `bmg
mg bftl
bftl hb lf
lftitimb
mbmm
bmjifistrbmgrb mlh [istljb> y (iii) hb rldlrimb fgrjb hl`bh pulml bphikbrsl ml
jbflrb rltrgbktivb, lf virtum mlh prifkipig ml i`ubhmbm.
_gstlrigrjlftl, jlmibftl hb slftlfkib ]-5?? ml 5?20, hb [bhb Fgvlfb ml Ulvisiûf
sl prgfufkiû lf rlhbkiûf kgf mgs prgklsgs ml tutlhb bkujuhbmgs y bjpbrû hgs
mlrlkcgs ml kbmb ufg ml hgs bkkigfbftls. Lf bjegs kbsgs, sl cbeêbf prlskritg
ifkbpbkimbmls ififtlrrujpimbs qul sujbebf jâs ml <=? mêbs sif qul hgs bktgrls
pumilrbf bkklmlr b ufb plfsiûf ml ifvbhimlz, puls lf lh prijlr kbsg lh pgrklftbal
ml pérmimb ml kbpbkimbm hbegrbh lrb ifdlrigr bh <?% y lf lh sl`ufmg lh bktgr fi
siquilrb cbeêb simg kbhidikbmg.
Lf lh ki kitb
tbmg
mg db
dbhhhhg,
g, hb Kgrt
Kgrtl
l Kgfs
Kgfstititu
tuki
kigfb
gfbhh lft
lftlf
lfmi
miûû qu
qul
l ‘h
‘hb
b rl
rl`h
`hbb bktu
bktubh
bh ml
ifkbpbkimbmls qul suplrbf <=? mêbs pbrb plrsgfbs qul fg cbf tlfimg ufb
pérmimb
pérmim b ml kbpbkimbm hbegrbh i`ubh g suplrigr bh <?%, ls qul mlelf bsujirh bsujirhbs
bs hbs
L_[‚. Ml lstl jgmg, kgfsimlrû qul jlmibftl hb Hly 20<; ml 5?2< sl suplrû lh
médi
médiki
kitt ml prgt
prgtlk
lkki kiûf
ûf qu
qul
l cb
cbeê
eêb
b simg
simg lv lviiml
mlfk
fkiibm
bmg
g pg
pgrr hb auri
aurisp
spru
rum
mlf
lfki
kib
b
kgfstitukigfbh bftlrigr b su vi`lfkib.
(i
(i)) Lh Hl`is
Hl`ishb
hbmgr
mgr btri
btrieu
euyû
yû lx
lxprl
prlsb
sbjl
jlft
ftl
l b hb
hbss L_[
L_[ hb rlspg
rlspgfs
fsbe
beihihim
imbm
bm ml
rlkgfgklr
rlkgfgk lr y pb`br hbs ‘ifkbpbkimbmls
‘ifkbpbkimbmls ml gri`lf kgjñf qul suplrlf
hgs <=? mêbs kgftifugs‚. Mikcb bsi`fbkiûf, bmljâs ml slr lxphêkitb,
fg lstâ sgjltimb b fif`ñf kgfmikigfbjilftg. _gr hg tbftg, ml hb
hlkturb ml hb fgrjb fg sl ifdilrl qul lh Kgf`rlsg ml hb Ulpñehikb
cb
cbyb
yb mi
midl
dlri
Fbkigfbh. rimg
mg lhsukgftrbrig,
_gr bphi
bphikbk
kbkiû
iûf
lhf jbfmbtg
b hb rl
rl`h
`hbj
bjlf
lftb
sl`ñf tbki
lh kiûf
ûf ‘^lZh
kubh mlh @geilrfg
@g
@gei
eilrf
lrfg
g
 

Fbkigf
Fbki gfbh
bh rl
rl`h
`hbj
bjlft
lftbrâ
brâ,, lftr
lftrl
l gtrb
gtrbss kg
kgsbs
sbs,, lh pr
prgk
gklmi
lmijijilft
lftg
g ml
rlvis
rlvisiû
iûff plr
plriû
iûmi
mikb
kb ml hb ififkbp
kbpbki
bkimb
mbmm pg
pgrr pbrtl
pbrtl ml hbhbss L_
L_[‚
[‚ ls
ifmlplfmilftl mlh lfufkibmg fgrjbtivg qul rbmikb lf kbelzb ml hbs
L_[ lh pb`g ml hbs ifkbpbkimbmls qul suplrlf hgs <=? mêbs. (ii) Hb
iftlrprltbkiûf bmukimb vb lf kgftrb ml hb vi`lfkib lxprlsb ml hb
fgrjb (qul dul rlkgfgkimb pgr hb prgpib L_[). Bsê, ml bkulrmg kgf
lh brtêkuhg 540 ml hb Hly 20<; ml 5?2<, hb fgrjb ri`l ‘b pbrtir ml su
prgjuh`bki
prgjuh `bkiûf‚
ûf‚,, sif qul slb bmj bmjisi
isiehl
ehl sgstlflr
sgstlflr qul su vi`lfk
vi`lfkib
ib
pulm
pu lmb
b slrslr ml
mlskskgf
gfgk
gkim
imb.
b. (i
(iiiii)) Lh lftl
lftlfm
fmij
ijil
ilft
ftg
g bf
bftl
tlss bhum
bhumim
imgg
mlskgfgkl lh prifkipig ml bkklsieihimbm mlh mlrlkcg dufmbjlftbh b hb
sbhum, lf hb jlmimb lf qul ijpgfl ufb ebrrlrb bmjifistrbtivb qul fg
sl lfkulftrb prlvistb fi lf hb hly fi lf lh rl`hbjlftg y qul sur`l
sijphljlftl ml hb iftlrprltbkiûf ml hb lftimbm. [gerl lh pbrtikuhbr,
kgfvilfl tlflr lf kulftb qul lh buxihig ml ifkbpbkimbm ifkiml lf hb
`brbftêb mlh mlrlkcg b hb sbhum lf hb jlmimb lf qul plrjitl hb
rlkuplrbkiûf sbtisdbktgrib mlh pbkilftl. _gr tbftg, mlel lvitbrsl hb
fl`bkiûf mlh trâjitl ml hbs ifkbpbkimbmls pgstlrigrls b <=? mêbs sif
lh mleimg dufmbjlftg hl`bh. (iv) _gr ñhtijg, hbs [bhbs ml Ulvisiûf ml
lstb Kgrpgrbkiûf sl cbf prgfufkibmg lxprlsbjlftl bklrkb ml hb
bphikbeihimbm ml lstb fgrjb y cbf grmlfbmg b hbs L_[ sudrb`br hbs
ifkbpbkimbmls suplrigrls bh mêb <=?, kgf ebsl lf tbh mispgsikiûf. Lf
kgfk
kg fkhu
husi
siûf
ûf,, hb [b[bhhb gr
grml
mlfb
fbrâ
râ b [bfi [bfittbs L_[
L_[ lh pb`g
pb`g ml hbshbs
ifkbpbkimbmls qul lxklmbf hgs <=? mêbs.
Lf lstl puftg, kgfvilfl rlkgrmbr hb btrieukiûf ml rlspgfsbeihimbmls lf
rlhbkiûf kgf lh pb`g ml ifkbpbkimbmls, slòbhbmb prlvibjlftl1
Kubmrg Fg. 5 ‛ Btrieukiûf hl`bh ml rlspgfsbeihimbm lf lh pb`g ml
ifkbpbkimbmls _lrigmg Lftimbm gehi`bmb Dulftl fgrjbtivb Mêb 2 b 5
Ljphlbmgr Brtêkuhg 2± mlh Mlkrltg 59=; ml 5?2; Mêb ; b 23? L_[
 Brtêkuhg =2 ml hb Hly 2?? ml 299; Mêb 232 cbstb <=? Dgfmg ml
_lfsigfls^253Z Brtêkuhg =2 ml hb Hly 2?? ml 299; Mêb <=2 lf
bmlhbftl L_[ Brtêkuhg 40 ml hb Hly 20<; ml 5?2< Kgf dufmbjlftg
lf hg lxpulstg
mleêb bsujir lhbftlrigrjlftl, lf lh prlslftlsuplrigrls
pb`g ml hbs ifkbpbkimbmls kbsg hb BD_ _rgtlkkiûf
b 23? mêbs y
cbstb hgs <=?, puls lh kgfklptg ml rlcbeihitbkiûf sl lxpimiû y rljitiû
mlftrg mlh térjifg hl`bh. _gr su pbrtl, hb L_[ [bfitbs sl lfkgftrbeb
gehi`bmb b sudrb`br lh buxihig ml ifkbpbkimbm lftrl lh mêb ; y lh 23?>
tbjeiéf, mlspués mlh 9 ml aufig ml 5?2<, rbmikb lf kbelzb ml hbs
L_[
L_ [ lh ml
mlelr
elr ml susudr
drb`
b`br
br hg
hgss sue
suesi
simi
migs
gs kg
kgrrl
rrlsp
spgfm
gfmilf
ilftl
tlss b hgs
plrêgmgs qul suplrlf hgs <=? mêbs ml ifkbpbkimbmls kgftifubs. Fg
gestbftl hg bftlrigr, tbjeiéf tilfl hb gehi`bkiûf ml rlkgfgklr y pb`br 
ifkbpbkimbmls bftlrigrls b hb vi`lfkib ml hb Hly 20<; ml 5?2<,
kubfmg
kub fmg sl mlkimb
mlkimb su bphikb
bphikbkiû
kiûf
f rltrgbk
rltrgbktiv
tivb
b mle
mleimg
img b pgm
pgmlrgs
lrgsbs
bs
rbzgfls ml êfmghl kgfstitukigfbh.
Mikcg hg bftlrigr, kgrrlspgfml vlridikbr kuâh ml hbs lftimbmls bkkigfbmbs tilfl, lf
kbmb kbsg, lh mlelr ml sudrb`br hbs ifkbpbkimbmls rlsplktivbs. Bsê hbs kgsbs, pbrb
 

rlsghvlr lstb kulstiûf ml bkulrmg kgf hgs dufmbjlftgs aurisprumlfkibhls y hl`bhls

bftl
bf tlri
rigrj
grjlf
lftl
tl rl
rlsl
slòb
òbmg
mgs,
s, rls
rlsuh
uhtb
tb if
ifmi
misp
splfs
lfsbeh
behl
l ml
mltl
tlrj
rjif
ifbr
br ku
kuâh
âhls
ls sg sgf
f hg
hgss
plrêgmgs ml ifkbpbkimbm hbegrbh qul sl mlelf pb`br y b kuâh ml hbs lftimbmls
bkkigfbmbs kgrrlspgfml rlkgfgklr y pb`br kbmb ufg ml hgs jisjgs. Lf lstl
slftimg, hb [bhb lfkulftrb bkrlmitbmg qul hb bkkigfbftl cb rlkieimg klrtidikbmgs ml
ifkbpbkimbm kgrrlspgfmilftls.

GK]BTG1 Kgfsim
Kgf simlrg
Dlerlrg 24 /5?23, lrg gpgrtu
gpg
ml Hb rtufg
fg cbk
cbklr
Cgfgrbehl lr jlf
jlfkiû
Kgrtl kiûf
f ml hb [lf
[lftlf
Kgfstitukigfbh, tlfkib
kib,cbkl
pgrqul , ]-?=?/
]-?jlfkiûf
=?/5?2
5?23,
3,
pbrb getlflr rlkgfgkijilftg y pb`g ml ifkbpbkimbmls hbegrbhls mlrivbmbs ml uf
bkkimlftl g ml gri`lf kgjñf y `ubrmb rlhbkiûf kgf bh`ufbs ml hbs prltlfsigfls y
Mlrlkcgs ml lstb bkkiûf., bh rlspltg jl plrjitg kitbr bh`ufgs bpbrtls ml hb
jlfkigfbmb slftlfkib.
[lftlfkib, ]-?=?/5?23, Dlerlrg 24 mlh 5?23, Cgfgrbehl Kgrtl Kgfstitukigfbh J._.
Mgktgrb. @hgrib [tlhhb Grtiz Mlh`bmg.
Ijprgklmlfkib
Ijprgklmlfkib ml hb bkkiûf ml tutlh
tutlhb
b rlsplkt
rlsplktg
g ml bkrllfkibs hbegrbhls ifkilrt
ifkilrtbs
bs y
miskutiehls
Lf lh ârlb mlh mlrlkcg hbegrbh y ml hb sl`urimbm sgkibh lxistlf mgs tipgs ml
mlrlkcgs11 hgs ifkilrtgs y miskut
mlrlkcgs miskutiehls,
iehls, y hgs kilrtgs l ifmi
ifmiskutieh
skutiehls.
ls. _brb mltlrj
mltlrjifbr 
ifbr 
kuâhls sgf hgs lhljlftgs qul mistif`ulf b lstgs ñhtijgs, hb [bhb ml Kbsbkiûf
Hbegrbh ml hb Kgrtl [uprljb ml Austikib, lf slftlfkib mlh ?3 ml aufig ml 5?22,
rbmikbmg
rbmikb mg Fg. ;<2<, prlkisû hg si`uilftl1
si`uilftl1 ‘lh kbrâktlr ml kilrtg l ifmisk
ifmiskutiehl
utiehl ml uf
mlrlk
ml rlkcgcg hbhbeg
egrb
rbh,h, qul
qul ij
ijpi
piml
ml qu
qull sl
slbb jb
jbtltlri
rib
b ml ufufbb tr
trbfs
bfsbkk
bkkiû
iûf
f g ml uf ufbb
kgfk
kgfkihihib
ibki
kiûf
ûf,, sur`
sur`l l ml
mlhh kujp
kujphihiji
jilf
lftg
tg ml hgs
hgs supu
supuls
lstg
tgss ml clkc
clkcgg g ml hbs hbs
kgfmikigfls lstbehlkimbs lf hb fgrjb aurêmikb qul hg kgfsb`rb uf mlrlkcg slrâ
kilrtg, rlbh l iffl`behl, kubfmg fg cbyb mumb sgerl hb lxistlfkib ml hgs clkcgs
qul hl mbf gri`lf y lxistb klrtlzb ml qul fg cby fif`ñf lhljlftg qul ijpimb su
kgfdi`urbkiûf g su lxi`ieihimbm.‚
Lf lstllstl grml
grmlf
f ml imlb
imlbs,
s, uf mlmlrl
rlkc
kcg
g ls kilr
kilrtg
tg l ifmi
ifmisk
skut
utie
iehl
hl kubf
kubfmg
mg lstâ
lstâ
ifkgrpgrbmg bh pbtrijgfig ml uf sualtg y cbyb klrtlzb sgerl su mijlfsiûf, ls
mlki
ml kir,
r, kubf
kubfmgmg cb
cbyb
ybf
f gp
gplr
lrbm
bmg
g hgs
hgs supu
supuls
lstg
tgss ml clclkc
kcgg ml hb fgrj
fgrjb
b qu
qul
l hg
kgfsb`rb, bsê fg sl cbyb kgfdi`urbmg bñf hb kgfslkulfkib aurêmikb ml hb jisjb.
_gr lh kgftrbrig, uf mlrlkcg ls ifkilrtg y miskutiehl kubfmg (i) hgs clkcgs fg sgf
khbrgs> (ii) hb fgrjb qul hg prlvé ls bjei`ub g bmjitl vbribs iftlrprltbkigfls, g
(iii) su gri`lf lstâ suplmitbmg bh kujphijilftg ml uf phbzg g kgfmikiûf y lxistl ufb
kirkufstbfkib qul ijpiml su fbkijilftg g lxi`ieihimbm.
Lstb Kgrpgrbkiûf cb sgstlfimg qul pgr rl`hb `lflrbh hb hiquimbkiûf y pb`g ml
bkrllfkibs hbegrbhls lskbpb mlh âjeitg prgpig ml hb bkkiûf ml tutlhb, y sghg ml
jbflrb lxklpkigfbh, sl cb bmjitimg su prgklmlfkib bftl hb dbhtb ml imgflimbm mlh
jlmig ml mldlfsb grmifbrig. Fg gestbftl, lf kubhquilr kbsg rlsuhtb ifmisplfsbehl
lh kbrâktlr kilrtg l ifmiskutiehl ml hbs bkrllfkibs hbegrbhls qul sl rlkhbjbf, puls
ml bcê sur`l prlkisbjlftl hb trbfs`rlsiûf ml hgs mlrlkcgs dufmbjlftbhls kuyb
prgtlkkiûf sl sghikitb1
 

‘Lh aulz ml tutlhb fg pulml grmlfbr lh pb`g ml uf mlrlkcg ifkilrtg y

miskutiehl, puls bqulhhg lskbpb ml hb ûreitb kgfstitukigfbh pbrb rbmikbrsl lf
ufb
uf b mi
misku
skusi
siûf
ûf ml rb
rbf`g
f`g hl
hl`b
`bhh qu
qull mlel
mlel rls
rlsgh
ghvlr
vlrsl
sl lf hb au
auri
rism
smik
ikki
kiûf
ûf
kgjpltlftl.
kgjplt lftl. Lf lstl grmlf ml imlbs, hb bkkiûf ml tutlhb sûhg prgklml pbrb
lh pb`g
pb`g ml mlrmlrlkc
lkcgs
gs lk
lkgf
gfûj
ûjikikgs
gs,, kuyg
kuyg kb
kbrâk
râktl
tlrr ki
kilr
lrtg
tg l if
ifmi
misk
skut
utie
iehl
hl
lvimlfkib hb trbs`rlsiûf ml mlrlkcgs dufmbjlftbhls.‚

Hgegrb
hbeg
hb bftlrigr
rbhls, hblfkulftrb
hls, pr
prgk
gklm
lmlf su
lfki bdufmbjlftg
kib lxkl
lxklpk
pkigfbhhlfml
igfb qulhblfbkki
bklhkiûf
âjeitg
ûf ml ml hbs
tutlhb rlhbkigfls
tutlhb sur`
sur`l
l ml
mlhh
mlskgfgkijilftg ml hgs prifkipigs qul mlsml lh puftg ml vistb kgfstitukigfbh
rgmlbf hb bktivimbm hbegrbh, lstg ls, bqulhhgs kgfsb`rbmgs lf lh brtêkuhg <;
[uplrigr, kgjg hb rljuflrbkiûf jêfijb vitbh y jûvih, prgpgrkigfbh b hb kbftimbm y
kbhimbm ml trbebag, hb irrlfufkibeihimbm b hgs elfldikigs jêfijgs lstbehlkimgs lf
fgrjbs hbegrbhls y hb `brbftêb mlh mlrlkcg hb sl`urimbm sgkibh, lftrl gtrgs.
]lfilfmg lf kulftb qul hb bkkiûf ml tutlhb sl ifvgkb kgf lh gealtivg ml suplrbr lf
dgrjb prgftb y ldikbz hb vuhflrbkiûf ifkgbmb, pbrb qul lh aulz kgfstitukigfbh pulmb
ijpbrtir ûrmlfls ml prgtlkkiûf miri`imbs b jbtlribhizbr hbs `brbftêbs dufmbjlftbhls
ifvghukrbmbs, rlsuhtb prijgrmibh hb klrtlzb y kbrâktlr ifmiskutiehl ml hbs bkrllfkibs
hbegrbhls kgf hbs qul sl hg`rbrêb hb rlbhizbkiûf ldlktivb ml mikcgs mlrlkcgs. Ml
jbflrb
jbf lrb jâs kgf
kgfkrlt
krltb,
b, hb aur
aurisp
ispruml
rumlfki
fkib
b cb lstbeh
lstbehlki
lkimg
mg qul hb prg
prgtlk
tlkkiûkiûf
f ml
mlrlk
ml rlkcgs
cgs dudufm
fmbj
bjlf
lftb
tbhl
hlss qu
qul
l mlmlpl
plfml
fmlf f mlh ku
kujp
jphihiji
jilf
lftg
tg ml ge gehihi`bk
`bkig
igfls
fls
hbegrbhls, rlquilrl qul sl trbtl ml mlrlkcgs ifmiskutiehls rlkgfgkimgs pgr lh
ljphlbmgr y qul slbf grmlfbmgs pgr hbs fgrjbs hbegrbhls g mlkhbrbmgs pgr 
jlmig ml prgvimlfkibs aumikibhls lf dirjl.
 Bcgrb eilf, hg bftlrigr ml fif`ufb jbflrb si`fidikb qul quilf rlkhbjl hb
lxistlfkib ml bkrllfkibs hbegrbhls ifkilrtbs y miskutiehls fg pulmb bkumir b hbs
vêbs grmifbribs pbrb getlflr su mlkhbrbkiûf, puls hg qul sl euskb ls prlkisbjlftl
qul tgmbs bqulhhbs kgftrgvlrsibs kbrlftls ml ifkimlfkib kgfstitukigfbh, mleimg b
su buslfkib ml mldifikiûf phlfb, qulmbf sgjltimbs bh lskrutifig mlh aulz hbegrbh.
Lf slftlfkib ]-2=94 ml 5???, hb Kgrtl siftltizû hbs rl`hbs qul hb aurisprumlfkib
cbeêb mlkbftbmg pbrb mltlrjifbr hb prgklmlfkib lxklpkigfbh ml hb bkkiûf ml
tutlhb pbrb hb rlkhbjbkiûf ml bkrllfkibs hbegrbhls1
‘ (…) hb Kgrtl cb slòbhbmg qul ufb kgftrgvlrsib hbegrbh pulml sgjltlrsl b
 auikig ml tutlhb, mlsphbzbfmg lh jlmig grmifbrig ml mldlfsb kubfmg sl
rlñfbf hbs si`uilftls kgfmikigfls1 (2) qul lh prgehljb qul sl mlebtl slb
ml fbturbhlzb kgfstitukigfbh, ls mlkir, qul pulmb ijphikbr hb vighbkiûf ml
mlrlkcgs dufmbjlftbhls ml bh`ufb ml hbs pbrtls ml hb rlhbkiûf hbegrbh,
pulstg qul si hg qul sl miskutl ls hb vighbkiûf ml mlrlkcgs ml rbf`g hl`bh g
kgfvlf
kgf vlfkigkigfbh
fbh,, su kgf
kgfgki
gkijil
jilftg
ftg kgrr
kgrrlsp
lspgfml
gfmlrâ
râ lxkhusi
lxkhusivbj
vbjlft
lftl
l bh aul
aulzz
hb
hbegr
egrbh
bh>> (5) qu
qull hb vuh
vuhflr
flrbk
bkiû
iûf
f ml
mlhh ml
mlrl
rlkcg
kcg du
dufm
fmbj
bjlft
lftbh
bh sl lfku
lfkulft
lftrl
rl
prgebmb g fg slb ifmisplfsbehl uf bjphig y mltbhhbmg bfâhisis prgebtgrig,
yb qul si pbrb hb sghuki
sghukiûf
ûf mlh bsuft
bsuftg
g ls flklsbr
flklsbrib
ib ufb bjphi
bjphibb kgftrgvlrsi
kgftrgvlrsib
b
 aumikibh, lh iftlrlsbmg mlel bkumir b hb aurismikkiûf grmifbrib puls mikcg
mlebtl
jlkb
jlkbfi lskbpb
fisj
sjg ml
g bhtl
bhtlrf hbs
rfbt
btivg btrieukigfls
ivg ml mlmldl
dlfsbmlhslb
fsb aulz
sl kgfstitukigfbh
b ifsu
ifsudidiki
kilf
lftl
tl pbyrb(;)pr
pbrb qul
prgt
gtl`lh
l`lr 
lr 
 

êftl`rbjlftl hgs mlrlkcgs dufmbjlftbhls bjlfbzbmgs g vuhflrbmgs y fg

rlsuhtl bmlkubmg pbrb lvitbr hb gkurrlfkib ml uf plrauikig irrljlmibehl ml
kbrâktlr iusdufmbjlftbh.‚
Lf lsb jlmimb, jilftrbs hbs kgftrgvlrsibs qul rlkblf sgerl mlrlkcgs kilrtgs l
ifmiskutiehls pulmlf slr trbjitbmbs bftl hb aurismikkiûf kgfstitukigfbh, b kgfmikiûf
qul sl kujphbf hgs rlquisitgs ml ifjlmibtlz y suesimibrilmbm, hbs qul `irbf lf
tgrfg b hb mlkhbrbkiûf
 aurismikkiûf grmifbrib. Hgmlbftlrigr
mlrlkcgs ifkilrtgs
lf rbzûf y miskutiehls
b qul mlelf
jilftrbs hgs miskutirsl
prijlrgs lf hb
kgfstituylf
ufb `brbftêb pbrb hbs plrsgfbs kuyb rlfufkib ijphikb ufb vuhflrbkiûf b sus
mlrl
ml rlkc
kcgs
gs dufm
dufmbj
bjlf
lftb
tbhl
hls,
s, hgs
hgs sl`u
sl`ufm
fmgs
gs,, bh tlfl
tlflrr uf kbrâ
kbrâkt
ktlr
lr tr
trbf
bfsb
sbeh
ehl
l y
rlfufkibehl,
rlfufki behl, ijphik
ijphikbf
bf ufb mijlfsiûf prlstbki
prlstbkigfbh
gfbh g lkgfûj
lkgfûjikb
ikb qul, kgjg sl miag
kgf bftlrigrimbm, kgjpltl rlsghvlrhgs bh aulz hbegrbh.
MLKIJG1 Lh mêb WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW ml 5?29, jlmikifb hbegrbh ml hb F\LTB
L._.[. grmlfb ji rlifkgrpgrbkiûf b jis bktivimbmls hbegrbhls y dui kbhidikbmb pgr 
pbrtl ml hb Auftb Fbkigfbh ml Kbhidikbkiûf ml Ifvbhimlz, brrgabfmg uf pgrklftbal ml
=<,90% ml _érmimb ml Kbpbkimbm Hbegrbh y Gri`lf Kgjñf.
_L]IKIÛF L[_LKIBH.

Uul`g tbr bh
sghikitbr
sghiki lh mlspbkcg
pb`g ml hbslfifkbp
lh lvlftg
ifkbpbkimbmlqul
bkimbmls, kgfsimlrl,
s, rul`g qul lstb
sl jl prgtlab fg ls hbmlvêb,
lh mlrlkcg pbrb
jbflrb
prgvisigfbh y sl jl kgfklmb uf térjifg, pbrb ifstburbr hb mleimb bkkiûf aumikibh,
qul sl jl ifmiqul pgr pbrtl ml su mlspbkcg.
MLULKCG
Ifvgkg kgjg dufmbjlftgs ml mlrlkcg hgs si`uilftls brtêkuhgs1
 Brtêkuhg =, 22, 5;, =5, =;, ==, =3, <; y 34, ml hb Kgfstitukiûf _ghêtikb.
 Hly 20<2 mlh 24 ml Dlerlrg ml 5?2<. Hly Lstbtutbrib ml [bhum.
 Jl plrjitg bpgrtbr kgjg tbhls hbs si`uilftls1

 Dgtgkgpib ml ji Klmuhb ml Kiumbmbfêb.
 Dgtgkgpib ml ji Cistgrib Khêfikb.
  Kgpib sijphl mlh rékgr ml ifkbpbkimbmls pgr lh dgfmg ml plfsigfls
KGHDGFMG[
  Dgrj
Dgrjbt
btg
g ml hbhbss ñh
ñhtitijb
jbss if
ifkb
kbpbk
pbkim
imbm
bmls
ls `l
`lfl
flrb
rbmbs
mbs,, Ubmi
Ubmikb
kbmbs
mbs y fg
kbfklhbmbs pgr pbrtl ml F\LTB L._.[. y B.D._. KGHDGFMG[.
  Kgpi
Kgpib
b ml
mlhh sijp
sijphl
hl ml hb rlrlsp
spul
ulst
stb
b pg
pgrr pb
pbrt
rtl
l ml F\
F\LT
LTB
B L.
L._.
_.[.
[.
br`ujlftbfmg qul fg sl`uirâ pb`bfmg ifkbpbkimbmls.
 Kgpib sijphl mlh miktbjlf ml pérmimb ml kbpbkimbm hbegrbh, ljitimg pgr 
pbrtl ml hb Auftb Fbkigfbh ml Kbhidikbkiûf ml Ifvbhimlz.
 

A\UBJLF]G
Jl plrjitg jbfidlstbr ebag hb `rbvlmbm mlh aurbjlftg, qul fg cl iftlrpulstg
bkkiûf i`ubh g sijihbr sgerl hgs jisjgs clkcgs y mlrlkcgs bftl hb Austikib
Grmifbrib.
FG]IDIKBKIGFL[

Hb suskritb, lf
;55-5<29230 Mir.hbLhlktrûfikb WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWOcgtjbih.kgj
Krb WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
Lhlktrûfikb ml  Eg`gtâ. ]lhédgfg1
 WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWOcgtjbih.kgj 
Lh bkki
bkkigfbm
gfbmg,
g, KGHDGF
KGHDGFMG[ MG[ _LF[I
_LF[IGFL
GFL[[ Y KL[BF]IB[,, hbs rlkiel lf hb  Bv.
KL[BF]IB[
Kmbm. ml Ruitg #3< - <3, Eg`gtâ, Kufmifbjbrkb
F\LTB L._.[. hbs rlkiel lf hb Kbrrlrb 3< N Fg. =4 B-44. [bf Kbyltbfg, 

Mlh [lògr(b) Aulz(b),

 Btlftbjlftl,

JBUIELH BJ_BUG ALULQ BJLQR\I]B

K.K. Fg.;<.=92.<;< ml Eg`gtâ