October 2, 2021

NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY

Anatomy and Physiology
BSED Sci 14 – B
Name: June Maris C. Tumogsoc Cell Structure and Functions

Year and Section: BSED III-Section B Schedule: Th (3:00-4:00PM)

1. Draw and label the parts of a generalized cell

2. Identify the functions of each parts.

1. Cytoplasm - It is the medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other
organelles can operate within the cell.
2. Nucleus - The nucleus is generally considered the control center of the cell because it stores
all of the genetic instructions for manufacturing proteins.
3. Plasma membrane - The plasma membrane protects the cell, provides a fixed environment
inside the cell and transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out
of the cell.
4. Ribosomes - Ribosomes have two main functions — decoding the message and the
formation of peptide bonds.
5. Centriole - Centrioles play a role in organizing microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal
system.
6. Lysosome - Lysosomes contain chemical substances called enzymes that are capable of
digesting cells and a variety of intra- and extra-cellular materials
7. Intermediate filament - to provide mechanical support for the plasma membrane where it
comes into contact with other cells or with the extracellular matrix.
8. Peroxisome – Peroxisomes carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and
amino acids. They also detoxify many poisons that may enter the body.
9. Nucleolus – Facilitates ribosome biogenesis, through the processing and assembly of rRNA
into pre-ribosomal particles.
10. Chromatin - Chromatin is the material that makes up a chromosome that consists of DNA
and protein.
11. Mitochondrion – It acts as sites of energy production and are, therefore, called the
powerhouses of the cell.
12. Cytosol – Provides structural support for other organelles and in allowing transport of
molecules across the cell.
13. Golgi apparatus – It is responsible for the secretion of chemical substances like enzymes,
hormones, and proteins.
14. Centriole – It organizes microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system. They help
determine the locations of the nucleus and other organelles within the cell.
15. Nuclear envelope - It serves to separate the chromosomes from the rest of the cell. It also
contains the necessary functions for the biogenesis of G protein, including G protein mRNA,
signal peptidase, and ability to glycosylate G with mannose-rich oligosaccharides.
16. Rough endoplasmic reticulum – It synthesizes and modifies the proteins projected for the
cell membrane or for export from the cell.
17. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - The smooth ER synthesizes phospholipids, the main
component of biological membranes, as well as steroid hormones.
18. Microtubule - Microtubules maintain cell shape and structure, help resist compression of
the cell, and play a role in positioning the organelles within the cell.