Direction: Solve the given problem, use two decimal places for your final answer.

I. What mass of solute is needed to prepare each of the following solutions?

Moles solute(mol)
a. 1.00 L of 0.125 M K2SO4  Molarity=
Volume solution (L)
Moles solute (mol)
0.125 M =
1.00 L
Moles solute=0.125 M ×1.00 L
Moles solute=0.125 mol
Molar mass of K 2 SO4=( 39.098 ×2 ) +32.06+(15.99 × 4)
Molar mass of K 2 SO 4=174.216 g/mol
Mass of Solute=No. of moles × Molar mass
Mass of Solute=0.125 mol ×174.216 g /mol
Mass of Solute=21.78 g K 2 SO4
Moles solute(mol)
b. 375 mL of 0.015 M NaF    Molarity=
Volume solution (L)
Moles solute (mol)
0.015 M =
375 ×10−3 L
Moles solute=0.015 M ×375 ×10−3 L
Moles solute=5.625 ×10−3 mol
Molar mass of NaF=22.99+18.99
Molar mass of NaF =41.98 g /mol
Mass of Solute=No. of moles × Molar mass
Mass of Solute=5.625 ×10−3 mol × 41.98 g /mol

Moles solute(mol)
c. 500 mL of 0.350 M C6H12O6   Molarity=
Volume solution (L)
Moles solute (mol)
0.350 M =
500 ×10−3 L
Moles solute=0.350 M ×500 ×10−3 L
Moles solute=0.175 mol
Molar mass of C 6 H 12 O 6=( 12.01 ×6 ) +(1.008 ×12)+(15.99 ×6)
Molar mass of C 6 H 12 O6=180.096 g/mol
Mass of Solute=No. of moles × Molar mass
Mass of Solute=0.175 mol ×180.096 g /mol

II. Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions:

 a. 12.4 g KCl in 289.2 mL solution  
Molar mass of KCl=39.098+35.45
Molar mass of KCl=74.548 g /mol
1 mol KCl
12.4 g KCl × =0.166 mol KCl
74.548 g KCl

Moles solute(mol)
Molarity=
Volume solution (L)
0.166 mol KCl
Molarity=
289.2×10−3 L
Molarity=0.58 M KCl
b. 16.4 g CaCl2 in 0.614 L solution     
Molar mass of Ca Cl2 =40.08+(35.45× 2)
Molar mass of Ca Cl2 =110.98 g /mol
1 mol CaCl 2
16.4 g CaCl 2 × =0.148 mol CaCl 2
110.98 g CaCl 2

Moles solute(mol)
Molarity=
Volume solution (L)
0.148 mol CaCl 2
Molarity=
0.614 L
Molarity=0.24 M CaCl 2
c. 48.0 mL of 6.00 M H2SO4 diluted to 0.250 L  
Moles solute(mol)
Molarity=
Volume solution (L)
Given: M1 = 6.00M V1 = 48.0mL M2 = ? V1 = 0.250 L
Formula: M1V1 = M2V2
Solution: M1V1 = M2V2
−3
( 48× 10 L ) (6.00 M )=M 2 (0.250 L)

(48× 10−3 L)(6.00 M ) M 2 (0.250 L)

=
0.250 L 0.250 L
M 2=1.15 M

III. Calculate the molality of each of the following solutions

 a. 2.89 g of NaCl dissolved in 0.159 L of water (density of water is 1.00 g/mL)
1 mol
2.89 g NaCl × =0.049 mol
( 22.99+35.45 ) g NaCl
( 0.159 ×10 3 ) mL × 1 g =159 g × 1 kg =0.0159 kg
mL 1000 g
Moles of solute (mol)
Molality=
Mass of solvent (kg)
0.049 mol
Molality=
0.159 kg
Molality=0.31 m
b. 1.80 mol KCl in
16.0 mol of H2O   
[ ( 1.008 ×2 ) +15.99] g H 2 O
16.0 mol H 2 O × =288.096 g H 2 O
1 mol H 2 O
288.096 g H 2 O ×1 kg / 1000 g=0.288096 kg
Moles of solute (mol)
Molality=
Mass of solvent (kg)
1.80 mol
Molality=
0.288096 kg
c. 13.0 g benzene,
C6H6 in 17.0 g
CCl4  
1mol
13.0 gC 6 H 6 × =0.166 mol
[ (12.01 ×6 )+(1.008 ×6)] g C6 H 6
17.0 gCCl 2 ×1 kg / 1000 g=0.017 kg
Moles of solute (mol)
Molality=
Mass of solvent (kg)
0.166 mol
Molality=
0.017 kg
IV. Calculate the mole fractions of each compound in each of the following solutions
 a. 19.4 g of H2SO4 in 0.251 L of H2O (density of water is 1.00 g/mL)
1mol
19.4 g H 2 S O 4 × =0.194 mol
[(1.008× 4)+ ( 32.06 )+(15.99 × 4)]g H 2 S O 4
251 mL H 2 O ×1 g / ml=251 g
1 mol
251 g H 2 O× =13.940 mol H 2 O
[ (1.008 × 2 )+15.99 ]g H 2 O
Moles of solute
Mole Fraction=
Total moles of solution
0.194 mol
Mole Fraction of H 2 S O 4= =0.01 X
0.194 mol+ 13.940 mol
Mole Fraction of H 2 O=1−0.01=0.99 X

b. 35.7 g of KBr in 16.2 g of water   

1mol
35.7 g KBr × =0.30 mol KBr
39.098+79.904 g KBr
1 mol
16.2 g H 2 O× =0.90 mol H 2 O
[ (1.008 × 2 )+15.99 ]g H 2 O
Moles of solute
Mole Fraction=
Total moles of solution
0.30 mol
Mole Fraction of KBr= =0.25 X
0.30 mol+0.90 mol
Mole Fraction of H 2 O=1−0.25=0.75 X

c. 233 g of CO2 in 0.409 L of water (density of water is 1.00 g/mL)

1 mol
233 g C O 2 × =5.30 mol C O 2
( 12.01 ) +(15.99 × 2)g C O 2
409 mL H 2 O× 1 g / ml=409 g
1 mol
409 g H 2 O × =22.715 mol H 2 O
[( 1.008 ×2 ) +15.99] g H 2 O
Moles of solute
Mole Fraction=
Total moles of solution
5.30 mol
Mole FractionC O 2= =0.19 X
5.30 mol+ 22.715 mol
Mole Fraction of H 2 O=1−0.19=0.81 X

V. Calculate the following:

a. A 4 g sugar cube (C12H22O11) is dissolved in a 350 ml teacup filled with hot water.
What is the molarity of the sugar solution?
1 mol
4 g C 12 H 12 O 11 × =0.012 mol C 12 H 12 O 11
[ ( 12.01 ×12 ) +(1.008 × 12)+(15.99× 11)] g C 12 H 12 O 11
Moles solute(mol)
Molarity=
Volume solution (L)
0.012 mol C12 H 12 O 11
Molarity=
350 ×10−3 L
Molarity=0.03 M

b. A 0.750 L
aqueous
solution
contains 90.0 g
of ethanol
(C2H5OH).
Calculate the
molar
concentration
of the solution

c. What mass of
Cu(NO3)2, is
present in
50.00 mL of
aC4.55 × 10-3
M aqueous
solution?
Moles solute(mol)
4.55 × 10−3 M =
50.00× 10−3 L
Moles solute=(4.55 × 10−3 ) M ×(50.00 ×10−3) L
d. A mass of 98 g
of sulfuric acid
(H2SO4) is
dissolved in
water to
prepare a 0.500
M solution.
What is the
volume of the
solution?

1 mol
98 g H 2 SO4 × =1.00 mol H 2 SO 4
e. A solution is
[(1.008 × 2)+32.06+(15.99× 4 )]g H 2 SO4
prepared by
mixing 25.0 g
of water (H O) 2

and 25.0 g of
ethanol
(C H OH).
2 5

Determine the
mole fractions
of each
substance.

1mol
25.0 g H 2 O × =1.388 mol H 2 O
[ ( 1.008× 2 ) +15.99]g H 2 O

1mol
25.0 g C2 H 5 OH × =0.543 mol C 2 H 5 OH
(12.01× 2)+(1.008× 5)+15.99+ 1.008 g C 2 H 5 OH
Moles of solute
Mole Fraction=
Total moles of solution
1.388 mol
Mole Fraction of C 2 H 5 OH = =0.72 X
1.388 mol +0.543 mol
0.543mol
Mole Fraction of H 2 O= =028 X
1.388 mol+0.543 mol