DESIGN OF TOE WALL 2 M ABOVE GROUND LEVEL

DESIGN OF TOE WALL 2 M ABOVE GROUND LEVEL

a) Salient Levels
Toe wall top level = 100.000 m
Ground Level = 98.000 m
Foundation slab bottom level = 97.500 m
Depth of foundation = 0.50 m
Cofficient of friction (µ) (For hard rock) = 0.6

b) Properties of backfill

Slope of backfill Vertical = 1

Horizontal = 2
Dry density of backfill soil γd = 18.00
2
Saturated density of backfill soil γsat = 20.00 kn/m
2
Submersed density of backfill soil γsub = 10.00 kn/m
Angle of Internal friction φ = 33.00 degree 0.576
Angle of wall friction δ = 22.00 degree 0.384
Batter of wall with horizontal α = 0.000 degree 0.000
Inclination of Backfill with horizontal β = 26.57 degree 0.464
Inclination angle to vertical plane ω = 0.00 degree 0.000

Active earth pressure Coefficient for active earth pressure By Coulomb's equation

Ka = cos^2 (φ-α)
cos^2α xcos(α+δ)
`

cos^2 (φ-α) = 0.76

cos^2α xcos(α+δ)

SIN(phi_r+del_r) 0.82
SIN(phi_r-beta_r) 0.11
COS(alpha_r-beta_r) 0.89
COS(del_r+alpha_r) 0.93
Ka 0.40
Coeff of active earth pressure Ka = 0.40
Ka cos d = 0.3709
Ka sins d = 0.15
2
Safe bearing Capacity of soil SBC = 120 kn/m
2
Gross = 130 kn/m
c) Material Densities

Unit wt of rcc = 25 kn/m3

Unit wt of PCC = 24 kn/m3
Unit wt of water = 10 kn/m3
Width of base = 2.2 m

Stability analysis under Normal case

2500

H1
H2

Foundation Slope
1 Vertical
8.5 Horizontal

Angle(w) = 6.71 deg.

= 0.117 radian
Cos(angle) = 0.993
Sin(angle) = 0.117
Foundation of wall is on slope

So all forces are broken in two direction; one parallel to foundation and another perpendicular to foundation

2
p2 = Ka cos(δ) x ɣd x h1 = 16.69 kn/m Earth Pressure
H2 = 1/2 x 16.69 x 2.50 = 20.86 KN Earth Pressure

600

2000

1 2 H = 2500
320 GL

500

187
257

600 1600

2200

Component Force (kn/m) Lever arm from toe (m) Moment

Resisting Overturning

1 2.50 x 0.6x x24 = 36.00 1.60 + 0.3 1.90 68.40

2.5 x 1.6 x 0.5 x 24 = 48.00 1.60 x 0.67 1.07 51.20

2.2 x 0.26 x 0.5 x 24 6.79 2.2 x 2/3 1.47 9.95
2 Vertical component of Ep 8.43 2.20 2.20 18.54
Component of load 1 and 2 perpendicular
to founding line =
(36.00 + 48.00 + 6.79) x 0.993 90.16

3 Load parallel to founding line for load sl no 1 =

36.000 x 0.117 = 4.21 1.25 5.26

4 Load parallel to founding line for load sl no 2 =

48.000 x 0.117 = 5.61 1.05 5.89
5 Load parallel to founding line for load sl no 3 =
6.786 x 0.117 0.79 -0.09 -0.07
H1 0.00 x 2.50 0.00 1.25 0.00
H2 1/2 x 16.69 x 2.50 20.86 1.05 21.90

S Total Vertical force SV = 90.16 S H = 31.47 148.10 32.98

Check for Stabilty : Overturning (with backfill)

Resisting moment about toe MR = 148.10 Kn-m

Overtuning moment about toe Mo = 32.98 Kn-m
FOS against overturning MR / Mo = 4.49 > 2 Hence Safe

Check for Stabilty : Sliding (with backfill) µ = 0.6

Sliding force SH = 31.47 kn-m

Vertical load SV = 90.16 kn
Resisting force SR = µ xSV
= 54.10
FOS against sliding SR/SH = 1.72 > 1.5 Hence Safe
Check for Stabilty : Base Pressure (with backfill)

Location of resultant from toe Xo = (MR -Mo) / S V

= ( 148.10 - 32.98 ) / 90.16
= 1.277 m

Eccentricity of resultant e = B / 2 - Xo
= 2.200 / 2 - 1.28
= -0.177 m

Vertical load per meter basewidth P = 90.16 kn SV

Logitudianal moment at centerline base ML = -15.93 kn-m per meter base width

Length of base along traffic = 2.200 m

Plan area of base A = 2.200 m2 for 1 m width

Section modulus ZL = 0.81 m3 for 1 m width

Extreme stress at base = P/A +/- ML / ZL

= ( 90.16 / 2.20 ) +/- (-15.93 / 0.81)
Maximum smax = 21.234 Kn/m2 < 130.00 kn/m
2
OK
Minimum smin = 60.734 Kn/m2 > 0 kn/m
2
OK

Check for stability without any fill

Stability checked for overturning and sliding about toe.

In this case heel side of wall will be toe

Component Force (kn/m) Lever arm from toe (m) Moment

Resisting Overturning
1 2.50 x 0.6x x24 = 36.00 1.60 + 0.3 = 1.900 68.40
2 2.5 x 1.6 x 0.5 x 24 = 48.00 1.60 x 0.67 = 1.067 51.20
3 2.2 x 0.26 x 0.5 x 24 = 6.79 2.2 x 2/3 = 1.467 9.95
Component of load 1 and 2 perpendicular
to founding line =
(36.00 + 48.00 + 6.79) x 0.993 90.16

Load parallel to founding line for load sl no 1 =

36.000 x 0.117 = 4.21 = 1.250 5.26

Load parallel to founding line for load sl no 2 =

48.000 x 0.117 = 5.61 = 1.050 5.89
Load parallel to founding line for load sl no 3 =
6.786 x 0.117 0.79 -0.09 -0.07

S Total Vertical force SV = 90.16 SH = 10.61 129.55 11.08

Check for Stabilty : Overturning (without backfill)

Resisting moment about toe MR = 129.55 Kn-m

Overtuning moment about toe Mo = 11.08 Kn-m
FOS against overturning MR / Mo = 11.69 > 2 Hence Safe

Check for Stabilty : Sliding (without backfill) µ = 0.60

Sliding force SH = 10.61 kn-m

Vertical load SV = 90.16 kn
Resisting force SR = µ xSV
= 54.10
FOS against sliding SR/SH = 5.10 > 1.5 Hence Safe