Đỗ Thị Xuân Mai – 19DH110780

Buổi 9

Bài thực hành Môn Xác Suất – Thống Kê

Chapter 05 – Discrete Probability Distributions

3. THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

BT 18. Which of the following are binomial experiments or can be
reduced to binomial experiments?
a) Surveying 100 people to determine if they like Sudsy Soap Yes
// Là nghiệm của nhị thức vì thí nghiệm này có 2 outcome là
(thích) hay (không thích)
b) Tossing a coin 100 times to see how many heads occur Yes
// Là nghiệm của nhị thức vì thí nghiệm này có 2 outcome là (mặt
sấp) hay (mặt ngửa)
c) Drawing a card with replacement from a deck and getting a heart
Yes
// Là nghiệm của nhị thức vì thí nghiệm này có 2 outcome là (Rút
được quân cơ) hay là (không rút được quân cơ)
d) Asking 1000 people which brand of cigarettes they smoke No
// Không là nghiệm của nhị thức. Vì thuốc lá có rất nhiều nhãn
hiệu, mà thí nghiệm nhị thức chỉ có 2 trạng thái

e) Testing four different brands of aspirin to see which brands are

effective No
// Không là nghiệm của nhị thức. Vì có 4 nhãn hiệu khác nhau, mà
thí nghiệm nhị thức chỉ có 2 trạng thái
f) Testing one brand of aspirin by using 10 people to determine
whether it is effective Yes
// Là nghiệm của nhị thức vì thí nghiệm này có 2 outcome là (có hiệu
quả) hay là (không hiệu quả)
g) Asking 100 people if they smoke Yes
// Là nghiệm của nhị thức vì thí nghiệm này có 2 outcome là (có hút
thuốc) hay (không hút thuốc)
h) Checking 1000 applicants to see whether they were admitted to
White Oak College Yes
// Là nghiệm của nhị thức vì thí nghiệm này có 2 outcome là (được
nhận vào) hay (không được nhận vào)
i) Surveying 300 prisoners to see how many different crimes they
were convicted of No
// Không là nghiệm của nhị thức. Vì tội danh là rất nhiều, mà thí
nghiệm nhị thức chỉ có 2 trạng thái

j) Surveying 300 prisoners to see whether this is their first offense

Yes
// Là nghiệm của nhị thức vì thí nghiệm này có 2 outcome là (lần
phạm tội đầu tiên) hay (không phải lần phạm tội đầu tiên)
BT19. Compute the probability of X successes, using the binomial
formula.

Ta có công thức:

n!
P(X) = × p x × qn− x  n C x × p x ×q n−x
( n−x ) ! x !

Trong đó:
+ px : Xác xuất thành công
+q n−x : Xác xuất không thành công
+ x : Số lần thành công

a) n=6, X=3, p=0.03 then q= 1 -0.03 = 0.97

P(X) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 6 C 3 × 0.033 × 0.976−3=¿0.000493 ≈ 0.0005

e) n=10, X=5, p=0.37 then q= 1 – 0.37 = 0.63

P(X) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 10 C 5 ×0.3 75 ×0. 6310−5=¿ 0.173425
≈ 0.173
BT 20. True/False Exam a student takes a 20-question, true/false
exam and guesses on each question. Find the probability of passing if
the lowest passing grade is 15 correct out of 20. Would you consider
this event likely to occur? Explain your answer.
1 1
n=20, X  15, p= , q=
2 2

Ta có : E = {15,16,17,18,19,20}
P(X15) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 20 C 15 ×0. 515 × 0.5 20−15=¿0,015
P(X16) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 20 C 1 6 ×0.51 6 ×0.520−1 6=¿0,005
P(X17) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 20 C 1 7 ×0.51 7 ×0.520−1 7=¿0,001
P(X18) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 20 C 1 8 ×0.51 8 ×0.520−1 8=¿0,0002
P(X19) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 20 C 1 9 ×0.51 9 ×0.520−1 9=¿0,00002
P(X20) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 20 C 20 ×0.5 20 ×0.5 20−20=¿0,000000954
 P(X) = 0,015 + 0,005 + 0,001 + 0,0002 + 0,00002 + 0,000000954
= 0,021

Như vậy, nếu đánh lụi, xát suất để đậu là rất thấp chỉ có 2 %
BT 21. Driving to Work Alone It is reported that 77% of workers aged
16 and over drive to work alone. Choose 8 workers at random. Find
the probability that
p = 0.77, q = 0.23, n = 8
a. All drive to work alone
x =8
Ta có:

P(X) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 8 C 8 × 0.77 8 × 0.23 8−8=¿0,12357

b. More than one-half drive to work alone

Hơn 1 nửa => X = {5,6,7,8}
Ta có :
P(X5) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 8 C 5 × 0.775 × 0.238−5=¿0,18442
P(X6) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 8 C 6 × 0.776 ×0.238 −6 =¿0,30871
P(X7) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 8 C 7 × 0.777 ×0.238−7 =¿0,29529
P(X8) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 8 C 8 × 0.778 ×0.238−8 =¿0,12357
 P(X) = 0,18442 + 0,30871 + 0,29529 + 0,12357 = 0,91199
c. Exactly 3 drive to work alone
x =3
Ta có:

P(X) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 8 C 3 × 0.773 × 0.238−3=¿ 0,016455

BT 22. High School Dropouts Approximately 10.3% of American high

school students drop out of school before
graduation. Choose 10 students entering high school at random. Find
the probability that
a. No more than two drop out //p=0,103, q = 0,897, n = 10, X ={0,1,2}
Ta có:

P(X0) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 10 C 0 ×0. 1030 ×0. 89710−0=¿0,33722
P(X1) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 10 C 1 ×0.1031 ×0.89710−1=¿0,387230
P(X2) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 10 C 2 ×0.1032 ×0.89710−2=¿0,2000905
 P(X) = 0,33722 + 0,387230 + 0,2000905= 0,9245

b. At least 6 graduate //p=0,897, q = 0,103, n = 10, X ={6,7,8,9,10}

Ta có :
P(X6) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 1 0 C 6 ×0,897 6 × 0,1031 0−6=0,012311
P(X7) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 1 0 C 7 ×0,897 7 × 0,1031 0−7 =¿0,061268
P(X8) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 1 0 C 8 ×0,897 8 × 0,1031 0−8=¿0,2000905
P(X9) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 1 0 C 9 ×0,897 9 × 0,1031 0−9=¿0,387230
P(X10) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 1 0 C 10× 0,89710 ×0,1031 0−10=¿0,33722
 P(X) = 0,012311 + 0,061268+ 0,2000905+ 0,387230+ 0,33722
= 0,9981195
c. All 10 stay in school and graduate //p=0,897, q = 0,103, n = 10, X
=10
Ta có:
P(X) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 10 C 10 ×0,897 10 ×0,10310−10=¿ 0,33722
BT 23. College Education and Business World Success R. H. Bruskin
Associates Market Research found that 40% of Americans do not
think that having a college education is important to succeed in the
business world. If a random sample of five Americans is selected,
find these probabilities.
a) Exactly two people will agree with that statement.
n=5, p=0.4, q=0.6, X=2
Ta có:
P(X) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 2 ×0 , 4 2 × 0 , 65−2=¿0,3456
b) At most three people will agree with that statement.
n=5, p=0.4, q=0.6, X=0,1,2,3
Ta có:
P(X0) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 0 × 0 , 40 ×0 , 65 −0 =¿0,07776
P(X1) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 1 ×0 , 4 1 × 0 , 65−1=¿0,2592
P(X2) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 2 ×0 , 4 2 × 0 , 65−2=¿0,3456
P(X3) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 3 ×0 , 4 3 ×0 , 65−3=¿0,2304
 P(X)= 0,07776+0,2592+0,3456+0,2304 = 0,91296
b) At least two people will agree with that statement.
n=5, p=0.4, q=0.6, X=2,3,4,5
Ta có:
P(X2) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 2 ×0 , 4 2 × 0 , 65−2=¿0,3456
P(X3) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 3 ×0 , 4 3 ×0 , 65−3=¿0,2304
P(X4) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 4 ×0 , 4 4 ×0 , 6 5−4=¿0,0768
P(X5) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 5 ×0 , 4 5 ×0 , 65−5=¿ 0,01024
 P(X)= 0,3456+0,2304+0,0768+0,01024 = 0,66304

c) Fewer than three people will agree with that statement.

n=5, p=0.4, q=0.6, X=0,1,2
Ta có:
P(X0) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 0 × 0 , 40 ×0 , 65 −0 =¿0,07776
P(X1) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 1 ×0 , 4 1 × 0 , 65−1=¿0,2592
P(X2) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 5 C 2 ×0 , 4 2 × 0 , 65−2=¿0,3456
 P(X)= 0,07776+0,2592+0,3456=0,68256
BT 24. Social Security Recipients A study found that 1% of social
security recipients are too young to vote. If 800 social security
recipients are randomly selected, find the mean, variance, and standard
deviation of the number of recipients who are too young to vote.
n=800, p=0,01, q = 0,99
Ta có:
μ=np=800× 0,01=¿ 8

σ 2=npq=800 ×0,01 ×0,99=¿7,92

σ =√ npq=√ 7,92=2,81

BT 25. Defective Calculators If 3% of calculators are defective, find

the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a lot of 300 calculators.
n=300, p=0,03, q = 0,97
Ta có:
μ=np=3 00 × 0,0 3=¿ 9

σ 2=npq=3 00 ×0,0 3 ×0,9 7=¿8,73

σ =√ npq=√ 8 ,73=2,95
BT 26. Watching Fireworks a survey found that 21% of Americans
watch fireworks on television on July 4. Find the mean, variance, and
standard deviation of the number of individuals who watch fireworks
on television on July 4 if a random sample of 1000 Americans is
selected.
n=1000, p=0,21, q = 0,79
Ta có:
μ=np=10 00 × 0 ,21=¿210

σ 2=npq=10 00× 0 , 20× 0 , 79=¿ 165,9

σ =√ npq=√ 165,9=12,8802

BT 27. Survey on Bathing Pets a survey found that 25% of pet

owners had their pets bathed professionally rather than do it themselves.
If 18 pet owners are randomly selected, find the probability that exactly
five people have their pets bathed professionally.
n=18, p=0.25, q=0.75, X=5
Ta có:
P(X) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 18 C 5 ×0 , 255 ×0 , 7518−5=¿0,1987
BT 28. Survey on Internet Awareness In a survey, 58% of American
adults said they had never heard of the Internet. If 20 American adults
are selected at random, find the probability that exactly 12 will say
they have never heard of the Internet.
n=20, p=0.58, q=0.42, X=12
Ta có:
P(X) = n C x × p x ×q n−x
= 20 C 12 ×0 , 5812 × 0 , 4220−12=¿0,1767