Name: Arsenio, Rianni Joshe C.

Date: February 2021

Year and Section: BSRT 1 | Section 1

THE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION

General Objectives:
Name the basic types of tissues that make up the human body.
State the characteristics of each.

ACTIVITY 3
THE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

I. Objectives:
1. Describe the general features of an epithelial tissue
2. List the location, structure, and function of each type of epithelial tissue
3. Microscopically identify the kind of epithelial tissue as seen in slides
4. Draw to illustrate the microscopic observation of the specimen
5. Identify and describe common types of epithelial tissue diseases

II. Materials
Reference Textbook
Materials

III. Answer the following

1. In a tabulated format, name and draw the different types of epithelial tissues as to
cell shape and cell arrangement. Describe and cite the location and function for each.

Table A. Epithelial Tissues

Type of Illustration Characteristics Location Function
Epithelium
Simple Single layer of Lines heart, blood Filtration
Squamous flat cells that vessels, lymphatic Diff usion
Epithelium resembles a vessels air sacs of Osmosis
tiled floor lungs, glomerular Secretion in
when viewed (Bowman’s) capsule serous
from the of kidneys, and inner membranes
apical surface surface of the
tympanic
The nucleus of membrane(eardrum)
each cell is a
flattened oval Forms epithelial
or sphere and layer of serous
is centrally membranes, such as
located the peritoneum.

Simple Cuboidal Single layer of Covers surface of Secretion

Epithelium cube-shaped ovary, lines anterior Absorption
cells surface of capsule of
Cell nuclei are the lens of the eye,
usually round forms the
and centrally pigmented
located epithelium at the
posterior surface of
the eye, lines kidney
tubules and smaller
ducts of many
glands

Makes up the
secreting portion of
some glands such as
the pancreas

Nonciliated Single layer of Lines the Secretion

Simple nonciliated gastrointestinal tract Absorption
Columnar column-like (from the stomach
epithelium cells with to the anus), ducts
nuclei near of many glands, and
base of cells gallbladder
Contains
goblet cells
 Type of Illustration Characteristics Location Function
Epithelium
Simple Cuboidal Single layer of Covers surface of Secretion
Epithelium cube-shaped ovary, lines anterior Absorption
cells surface of capsule of
Cell nuclei are the lens of the eye,
usually round forms the
and centrally pigmented
located epithelium at the
posterior surface of
the eye, lines kidney
tubules and smaller
ducts of many
glands

Makes up the
secreting portion of
some glands such as
the pancreas

Nonciliated Single layer of Lines the Secretion

Simple nonciliated gastrointestinal tract Absorption
Columnar column-like (from the stomach
epithelium cells with to the anus), ducts
nuclei near of many glands, and
base of cells gallbladder
Contains
goblet cells
and cells with
microvilli in
some
locations
Ciliated simple Single layer of Lines a few portions Moves
columnar ciliated of upper respiratory mucus and
epithelium column-like tract, uterine other
cells with (fallopian) tubes, substances
nuclei near uterus, some by ciliary
base paranasal sinuses, action
central canal of
Contains spinal cord, and
goblet cells in ventricles of the
some brain
locations
 Type of Illustration Characteristics Location Function
Epithelium
Pseudostratified Not a true Lines the airways of Secretion
epithelium stratified most of upper Movement
tissue respiratory tract of mucus
by ciliary
Have several Lines larger ducts of action
layers many glands,
Nuclei of cells epididymis, and part
are at of male urethra
different
levels

All cells are

attached to
basement
membrane,
but not all
reach the
apical surface

Stratified Several layers Keratinized variety Protection

squamous of cells forms superficial
epithelium layer of skin
Cuboidal to
columnar Nonkeratinized
shape in deep variety lines wet
layers surfaces, such as the
lining of the mouth,
Squamous esophagus, part of
cells form the epiglottis, part of
apical layer pharynx, and vagina,
and several and covers the
layers deep to tongue
it
Cells from the
basal layer
replace
surface cells as
they are lost
 Type of Illustration Characteristics Location Function
Epithelium
Stratified Two or more Ducts of adult sweat Protection
cuboidal layers of cells glands and part of Limited
epithelium in which the male urethra secretion
cells in the Absorption
apical layer are
cube-shaped

Stratified Several layers Lines part of urethra, Protection

columnar of irregularly large excretory Secretion
epithelium shaped cells ducts of some
Only the apical glands, such as
layer has esophageal glands
columnar cells

Transitional Appearance is Lines urinary bladder Permits

epithelium variable and portions of distension
(transitional) ureters and urethra

Shape of cells
in apical layer
ranges from
squamous
(when
stretched) to
cuboidal
(when
relaxed)

2. Describe a glandular epithelium and name the function

A gland may consist of a single cell or a group of cells that secrete substances
into ducts, onto a surface, or into the blood. All glands of the body are classified as
either endocrine or exocrine glands. Glandular epithelium are specialized epithelial
cells that secrete bodily products.

3. Differentiate an exocrine gland from an endocrine gland?

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that carry the secretions
into body cavities, into the lumen of an organ, or to the outer surface of the body. In
contrast, endocrine glands secrete their products into the interstitial fluid
surrounding the secretory cells rather than into ducts.
4. Name and describe the structural classification of exocrine glands.
A. Simple glands
a. Simple tubular
Tubular secretory part is straight and attaches to a single unbranched
duct. Example: glands in the large intestine.
b. Simple branched tubular
Tubular secretory part is branched and attaches to a single unbranched
duct. Example: gastric glands.
c. Simple coiled tubular
Tubular secretory part is coiled and attaches to a single unbranched
duct. Example: sweat glands.
d. Simple acinar
Secretory portion is tubular and attaches to a single unbranched duct.
Example: glands of the penile urethra.
e. Simple branched acinar
Rounded secretory part is branched and attaches to a single
unbranched duct. Example: sebaceous glands

B. Compound glands
a. Compound tubular
Secretory portion is tubular and attaches to a branched duct. Example:
bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland.
b. Compound acinar
Secretory portion is rounded and attaches to a branched duct.
Example: mammary glands.
c. Compound tubuloacinar
Secretory portion is both tubular and rounded and attaches to a
branched duct. Example: acinar glands of the pancreas.

5. Name and Describe the functional classification of exocrine glands.

The functional classification of exocrine glands is based on how their
secretions are released.
a. Merocrine glands
Secretion of merocrine glands are synthesized on ribosomes attached
to rough ER; processed, sorted, and packaged by the Golgi complex; and
released from the cell in secretory vesicles via exocytosis. Most exocrine
glands of the body are merocrine glands. Examples include the salivary
glands and pancreas.
b. Apocrine glands
Apocrine glands accumulate their secretory product at the apical
surface of the secreting cell. Then that portion of the cell pinches off from
 the rest of the cell to release the secretion. The remaining part of the cell
repairs itself and repeats the process.
c. Holocrine glands
The cells of holocrine glands accumulate a secretory product in their
cytosol. As the secretor cell matures, it ruptures and becomes the
secretory product. The sloughed off cell is replaced by a new cell. One
example is a sebaceous gland of the skin.

6. In a table form, give 5 common diseases/disorders that can possibly affect epithelial
tissues: location in the body and treatment/management.

Disease Location in the body Treatment/Management

Sjӧgren’s Syndrome It causes inflammation
and destruction of
exocrine glands,
especially the lacrimal
(tear) glands and salivary
glands
Treatment is supportive,
including using artificial tears
to moisten the eyes, sipping
fluids, chewing sugarless
gum, using a saliva substitute
to moisten the mouth, and
using moisturizing creams for
the skin.

Skin Cancer The tumor arises from The key to treatment of

(Malignant cells in the stratum malignant meloma is early
Meloma) basale of the epidermis detection. Then, surgical
and rarely metastasize. removal, or excision of the
Most arise from primary meloma on the skin.
preexisting lesions of
damaged tissues on sun-
exposed skin.

Burn It involves only the Immediate flushing with cold

(First-degree burn; epidermis. water may lessen the pain and
sunburn) damage

Eczema Inflammation and Ointments and medicated

irritation of the skin. It salves can help sooth the
affects the stratified symptoms, while prescription
squamous epithelium of medications can help manage
the skin and the the dryness and irritation of
underlying blood vessels. the skin.

Pressure ulcers Small breaks in the Pressure ulcers occur more in

 epidermis become bedridden patients. With
infected, and the proper care, pressure ulcers
sensitive subcutaneous are preventable, but they can
layer and deeper tissues develop quickly in patients
are damaged. Eventually, who are old and very ill.
the tissue dies.

IV. References:
Tortora, G. Derrickson, B. (2006). Biological Science Textbooks: Principles of Anatomy
and Physiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Types of Epithelial Tissue Diseases. (2017, February 1). Retrieved from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-epithelial-tissue-diseases.html.
Epithelial Cells. (2010). Retrieved from Glandular Epithelium (davidson.edu)

Prepared by: Dr. Mayona