Name: Arsenio, Rianni Joshe C.

Date: February 2021

Year and Section: BSRT 1 | Section 1

ACTIVITY II
THE CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
(Parts of an animal cell, Membrane Transport and Cell Division)

I. Objectives:
1. Name and Describe the main parts of an animal cell
2. Identify the functions of each part in the cell
3. Draw and describe the plasma membrane and arrangement of membrane proteins
4. Describe the different process of transport of substances in the plasma membrane
5. Discuss the significance of cell division

II. Materials
Scale models for cell division
Reference Textbooks
Internet reference (https://askbiologist.asu.edu)
Colored pencils/watercolors
Recyclable materials such as paper, boxes, play dough

III. Illustration/Model Making

1. Draw and label the cell membrane including the arrangement of membrane proteins
 2. Draw the stages of mitosis

IV. Answer the following

1. In table form; Name, describe and give the function of the following;
a. Cell membrane
b. Cytoplasm
c. Cytosol
d. Cilia and flagella
e. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth and Rough)
f. Golgi apparatus
g. Lysosome
h. Mitochondrion
i. Nuclear membrane
j. Nucleus
k. Peroxisome
l. Ribosome

Table A. Cell Parts, Characteristics, and Function

Parts Description Function

The outermost covering of
Cell Membrane a cell
Made of phospholipids and
proteins
A thin semi-permeable
membrane that surrounds
the cytoplasm of a cell
Acts like a traffic policeman
that regulates entry and exit
of substances (ions and
solutes)
Helps in regulating the
internal cell balance
protect the integrity of the

Clear in color and has a gel-
Cytoplasm like appearance
Composed mainly of water
but also contains enzymes,
salts, organelles, and
various organic molecules
Found outside the nuclear
membrane
Most of the parts of a cell
are suspended in the
cytoplasm
The liquid matrix found
Cytosol inside cells
The main component is
water
It also contains dissolved
ions, small molecules, and
proteins
Is not uniform throughout
the cell
*Protein complexes and the
cytoskeleton give it
structure
Are formed from
Cilia and Flagella specialized groupings of
microtubules called basal
bodies
interior of the cell by
allowing certain substances
into the cell while keeping
other substances out
serves to help support the
cell and help maintain its
shape
Support and suspend
organelles and cellular
molecules
Many cellular processes
occur in the cytoplasm, such
as protein synthesis, the
first stage of cellular
respiration, mitosis, and
meiosis
Signal transduction
between the cell membrane
and the nucleus and
organelles
Transports metabolites
from their production site to
other parts of the cell
Help to move substances
around cells and direct the
flow of substances along
tracts
 If the protrusions are short
and numerous, they are
termed cilia
If they are longer and less
numerous (usually only one
or two) they are termed
flagella
Contains Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(rough) A series of flattened sacs
Looks rough under a
microscope because it has
particles called ribosome
attached to its surface
Contains no ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(smooth) A tubule networks
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum looks smooth
under a microscope
because it has free
ribosome particles
The "manufacturing and
Golgi apparatus shipping center" of a
eukaryotic cell
Contains cisternae
*Cisternae are flat sacs that
are stacked in a
semicircular, bent formation
It is part of the Golgi
Lysosome apparatus that contains
different enzymes
The primary function is
movement
They are how many
microscopic unicellular and
multicellular organisms
move from place to place
Synthesizes proteins via the
translation process
Manufactures membranes
Also functions in
carbohydrate and lipid
synthesis
Serves as a transitional area
for transport vesicles
Modification of several
products (proteins,
phospholipids)
Responsible for
manufacturing,
warehousing, and shipping
certain cellular products,
particularly those from the
endoplasmic reticulum
It helps in intracellular
digestion and in the
elimination of foreign
substances
 Also known as the ‘suicide
sacs’ because if one of them
bursts, the entire cell will be
destroyed

Have a distinctive oblong or Site of cellular respiration

Mitochondrion oval shape and are bounded
by a double membrane Produce the energy
required to perform
The "powerhouse" of the processes such as cell
cell division, growth, and cell
death

Synthesize energy rich

compound ATP
*ATP is known as the
energy currency of the cell

The covering of the nucleus Protects the cell’s genetic

Nuclear membrane
A double membrane layer
that separates the contents
of the nucleus from the rest
of the cell
material from the chemical
reactions that take place
outside the nucleus
Also contains many proteins
that are used in organizing
DNA and regulating genes

Manages what materials can

enter and exit the nucleus

The brain of a cell Controls all the functions

Nucleus occurring in the cell
Contains the blueprint of
life, that is, DNA Regulates all cell activities

Surrounded by a double Structural support

membrane, known as the
nuclear envelope

Also known as microbodies, Detoxify alcohol, form bile

Peroxisome are small organelles found acid, and use oxygen to
in eukaryotic plant and break down fats
animal cells
Involved in the synthesis of
 Have the ability to assemble important molecules in the
themselves and reproduce cell
by dividing in a process
known as peroxisomal
biogenesis

Composed of RNA and Responsible for assembling

Ribosome proteins that form
ribosome subunits: a large
ribosome subunit and small
subunit
Free ribosomes are found
suspended in the cytosol,
while bound ribosomes are
attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum
the proteins of the cell
Help to translate the
protein-coding genes in
mRNA into proteins
Link amino acids together to
form polypeptide chains,
which are further modified
before becoming functional
proteins

2. What are the types of membrane transport? Name and describe each.
3. Name and describe the types of cell division in animal cells
4. List the different stages of cell division and describe the changes in each stage

V. References
Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, August 28). What Is Cytosol? Definition and
Functions. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/cytosol-definition-4775189
BiologyWise (n.d). Parts of a Cell. Retrieved from https://biologywise.com/parts-of-cell
Biologydictionary.net Editors. (2016, October 27). Nuclear Membrane. Retrieved from
https://biologydictionary.net/nuclear-membrane/
Biologydictionary.net Editors. (2017, July 30). Cell Nucleus. Retrieved from
https://biologydictionary.net/cell-nucleus/
Bailey, Regina. (2020, August 28). Cell Membrane Function and Structure. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/cell-membrane-373364
Bailey, Regina. (2020, August 27). Cilia and Flagella. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/cilia-and-flagella-373359
Bailey, Regina. (2020, August 26). Peroxisomes: Eukaryotic Organelles. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/journey-into-the-cell-peroxisomes-373360
Bailey, Regina. (2020, August 28). Ribosomes - The Protein Builders of a Cell. Retrieved
from https://www.thoughtco.com/ribosomes-meaning-373363
Bailey, Regina. (2020, August 27). Mitochondria: Power Producers. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/mitochondria-defined-373367
Bailey, Regina. (2020, August 26). Endoplasmic Reticulum: Structure and Function.
Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/endoplasmic-reticulum-373365
 Bailey, Regina. (2020, November 19). The Role of Cytoplasm in a Cell. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/cytoplasm-defined-373301
Bailey, Regina. (2020, August 25). Golgi Apparatus. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/golgi-apparatus-meaning-373366

Prepared by: Dr. Mayona