SHIV NADAR UNIVERSITY

LABORATORY REPORT
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCE
NAME: Aditya Kotra COURES: CSE 2025

ROLL NO: 2110110942 INSTRUCTOR: Mr Mayukh

GROUP: P5 DATE: 1/02/2022

SECTION: 1

EXPERIMENT: Error Analysis and graphing

Aim of the Experiments:- To do the below-listed experiments using a Vernier

caliper.
1. Find the volume of the sphere(first finding the radius)
2. Find the length, breadth, thickness of the iron block.
3. Find inner Diameter and depth of beaker.
4. Find the volume of the cylinder(Finding the radius and length)

Theory:
Total reading = MSR(Main scale reading) + VC(n)*LC
Volume = 4/3 pi (r^3) (cm^3)
S = Length of Main Scale division = 1mm = 0.1cm
N = Number of vernier scale divisions = 10
LC(Least count) = S/N = 0.1/10 = 0.01cm

1. Find the volume of the sphere:

Analysis of data and Error Analysis:

 Table for diameter of the sphere:
Sno MSR Vernier Fraction Total reading
ACM Coinicidence(n) B = n*LC (a+b) cm
1 2.1 7 0.07 2.17
2 2.1 6 0.06 2.16
3 2.1 6 0.06 2.16
4 2.1 7 0.07 2.17
5 2.1 7 0.07 2.17

Average Diameter = (2.17+2.16+2.16+2.17+2.17)/5cm = 10.83/5 = 2.166cm

Average radius = 2.166/2 = 1.083cm
Volume = (4/3)*(22/7)*( 1.083) *(1.083) *(1.083) (cm^3) = 5.322 cm^3.

Results and Conclusions:

The average radius of the sphere = 1.083cm
The Least count (LC) of the Vernier caliper = 0.01cm
The number of vernier scale divisions = 10
The volume of the sphere = 5.322 cm^3

Precautions:
1) Take the M.S.R  and vernier to coincide every time without parallax error.

2)Record all the readings in the same system preferably in the C.G.S system.

3) Do not apply excess pressure on the body held between the jaws.

2. Find the length, breadth, thickness of the iron block.

Analysis of data and Error Analysis:

Length:
Main scale Vernier Scale B=LC*VSR TR = N + B
reading(N) reading(VSR)

7.2 4 0.04 7.24

7.2 5 0.05 7.25

7.2 4 0.04 7.24

 7.2 5 0.05 7.25

7.2 4 0.04 7.24

Average Length = (7.24+7.25+7.24+7.25+7.25)/5cm = 36.23/5 = 7.24cm

Breadth:

Main scale Vernier Scale B=LC*VSR TR = N + B

reading(N) reading(VSR)

3.8 5 0.05 3.85

3.8 6 0.06 3.86

3.8 6 0.06 3.86

3.8 5 0.05 3.85

3.8 5 0.05 3.85

Average Breadth = (3.85+3.86+3.86+3.85+3.85)/5cm = 19.27/5 = 3.85 cm

Thickness:
Main scale Vernier Scale B=LC*VSR TR = N + B
reading(N) reading(VSR)

2.4 9 0.09 2.49

2.4 8 0.08 2.48

2.4 9 0.09 2.49

2.4 9 0.09 2.49

2.4 8 0.08 2.48

Average Thickness = (2.49+2.49+2.49+2.48+2.48)/5cm = 2.48cm

 Results and conclusion:
Average Length = 7.24cm
Average Breadth = 7.24cm
Average Thickness = 7.24cm

3. Inner Diameter of beaker and depth

Diameter

MSR = 3.5cm
VSR= 2

TR = MSR + (VSR*LC)
TR = 3.5 + (2*0.01) = 3.52cm
Diameter = 3.52cm

Depth

MSR = 5.4cm
VSR= 8

TR = MSR + (VSR*LC)
TR = 5.4 + (8*0.01) = 5.48cm
Diameter = 5.48cm

Volume
Volume of beaker = (22/7)*(3.52/2)*(3.52/2)*5.48 = 53.3010cm^3

4. Cylinder

Diameter:
MSR = 2.3cm
VSR= 7

TR = MSR + (VSR*LC)
TR = 2.3 + (7*0.01) = 2.37cm
Diameter = 2.37cm

Length:
MSR = 4.1cm
VSR= 6

TR = MSR + (VSR*LC)
TR = 4.1 + (6*0.01) = 4.16cm
Diameter = 4.16cm

Volume:
V = (22/7)*(2.37/2)*(2.37/2)*4.16 = 18.343 cm^3