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COMMUNICATION
SITI AZILAH ATAN

OVERVIEW
 Critical element in the sport/work environment
 Good communication skills are among the most important
ingredients contributing to sport performance
enhancement, personal growth
 Breakdown in communications often are at the root of
problems as coaches talks to athletes
 Ineffective communication may lead individuals to dislike
each other, lose confidence, refuse to listen and disagree
and other interpersonal problems

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The Communication Process

The Communication Process

1. Sender 2. Encoding

 The communicator or  Encoding means converting or

translation the idea into a
sender is the person who perceivable form that can be
is sending the message. communicated to others.
 The sender develops an  The sender encodes the
idea to be sent. message.

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The Communication Process
3. Message
 Once the encoding is finished, the
sender gets the message that he
intends to convey.
 The message can be written, oral,
symbolic or non-verbal such as body
gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc. or
any other signal that triggers the
response of a receiver.
The Communication Process
5. Receiver
 The message is received by the
receiver.
 He tries to comprehend it in the
best possible manner such that the
communication objective is
attained.
 The degree to which the receiver
decodes the message depends on
his knowledge of the subject
matter, experience, trust and
relationship with the sender.
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4. Channel
 The sender selects the channel of
communication that will be used.
 It must be selected carefully in order
to make the message effective and
correctly interpreted by the recipient.
 The choice of medium depends on the
interpersonal relationships between the
sender and the receiver and also on the
urgency of the message being sent.
 Oral, virtual, written, sound, gesture,
etc. are some of the commonly used
communication mediums.
6. Decoding
 the receiver interprets the
sender’s message and tries to
understand it in the best possible
manner.
 An effective communication occurs
only if the receiver understands
the message in exactly the same
way as it was intended by the
sender.
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The Communication Process

7. Feedback * Noise
 The Feedback is the final step of The Noise shows the barriers in
the process that ensures the communications. There are chances
receiver has received the message when the message sent by the sender
and interpreted it correctly as it is not received by the recipient.
was intended by the sender.
 It increases the effectiveness of
the communication as it permits
the sender to know the efficacy of
his message.
 The response of the receiver can
be verbal or non-verbal.

Types of Communication
COMMUNICATION
INTERPERSONAL:
INVOLVES ATLEATS TWO
PEOPLE AND A MEANINGFUL INTRAPERSONAL:
EXCHANGE SELFTALK

 Communication we have with

 Includes non verbal and verbal ourselves (internal dialogue)
communication
 Usually helps and predict how we
 Sender ------- receiver act and perform
 Affects motivation and behavior

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Verbal vs Nonverbal messages

 As much as 50% and 70% of human

 Should be sent clearly and
interpreted correctly
 Pick the right time and place to
deliver communication
communication is nonverbal
 Therefore, it is critical for
coaches/leaders to be extremely
observant of their nonverbal cues
as a source of information
 Less likely to be under conscious
control therefore harder to hide
than verbal messages
 Accurate indicators how a person
feels

Verbal Communication

 1. Voice characteristics
 Sound of voice can powerfully
reinforce/ undercut verbal
communication
 Voice’s quality often betrays true
feelings, moods, and attitudes
 Include pitch (high or low) tempo
(speed) volume ( loud or soft) and
articulation

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Non Verbal Communication

1. Physical appearance 2. Posture

 first impressions  Slumpped posture conveys
 Hairstyle/piercing/ low self image/
tattoos/ clothing/ sloppy depressions

 Have to be careful when  Erect posture coveys

imparting information confidence/ energy
from these

Non Verbal Communication

3. Gestures 4. Body Position

 Folding your arms across  Personal space between
chest can means that you and others to the
you’re not open to others position of your body with
respect to others

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Non Verbal Communication

5. Touching 6. Facial expressions

 Another powerful form of
nonverbal communication
 Can be used to calm or express
affection (depending on the
situation)
 Touching should be restricted to
public places to minimize
misinterpretation of the meaning
of your touching
 Most expressive part of your body
 Eye contact is particularly
important in communication
feelings
 Eye contact means your listener is
interested
 Embarrass/uncomfortable –try to
avoid eye contact
 Smile and other facial expressions
can both invite verbal
communication and elicit feedback
about how effective your
communication has been

Tips for improving the communication

process
Simplify your message: In order to ensure your message is properly understood, you should keep your
language simple and to the point.
Know your audience: It's also important to consider the audience that will receive your message as
well as their needs and interests.
Be a good listener: As a communicator, it's important to actively listen to what those around you are
saying. This will ensure that you're sending the right message.
Ask questions: It's also important to ask good questions to keep the communication flowing. Make
sure your questions are insightful and engaging.
Take the time to respond: When communicating, it's important to consider how you might reply to a
person to ensure you know what you want to say.
Consider your body language: If you're communicating through a different medium, it's important to
be mindful of your body language. In addition, be aware of the body language of the person you're
communicating with, as well.
Maintain eye contact: It's also important to make contact with the person or group you're
communicating with. This will show that you're actively listening to who you're communicating with.

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Guidelines for sending effective verbal

and nonverbal messages
1. Be direct 7. Deliver messages immediately
2. Be complete and specific 8. Make sure yr messages did not have
hidden agenda
3. Be clear and consistent
9. Be supportive
4. State your needs and feeling
clearly 10. Be consistent with yr nonverbal
messages
5. Separate fact from opinion
11. Reinforce with repetition
6. Focus on one thing at a time
12. Make sure message is appropriate
to receiver
13. Look for feedback that yr message
was accurately interpreted

Receiving messages effectively

1. Active listening
 Best way to listen –listen actively
 Actives listening enhances communication because the speaker feels that she is
being heard, acknowledged and provide with appropriate feedback
 Good listener shows sensitivity and encourages an open exchange of ideas and
feelings

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2. Supportive listening
 You are “with” the speaker and values the person’s message
 Tips for supportive behavior:
 Use supportive behavior as you listen so the sender acknowledged:
remain open to new ideas
 Ued nonverbal/verbal listening: maintaining eye contact, appropriate
facial gestures, open postures, facing the speaker

3. Aware listening
 People react differently to the way you communicate
 Be flexible – different situations require strategies
 Be alert for barriers and breakdown in communication
 Not paying attention
 Lack of trustd
 Different perceptions

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Improving communication

Confrontation
 face to face discussion among people in conflict
 When properly used can help both parties understand the
issues more clearly without feeling undue stress, guilt and
inadequacy
 When to avoid use confrontation: angry

How to use confrontation

 express feelings constructively- do not attack

 think –take a deep breath, be positive
 understand- try to understand people position
 be empahtic- not antagonistic or sarcastic, never criticized
 Be tentative –
 Proceed gradually – give person time to understand gradually

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Constructive criticism

 Positive statement, future oriented and a compliment

 Avoid the negativism that usually accompanies critical
remarks
 Allows people to focus on the positive aspects of the
behaviour

Breakdowns in Communication

1. Sender failures
 Inconsistent messages/ sender transmit a message poorly/
ambiguous messages
2. Receivers failure
 Misinterpreting, miscommunication

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Communication Styles
You have to get along and Personality
with people, but you
also have to recognize
that the strength of a
team is different for
people with different
perspectives and
different
personalities.” —
Steve Case

Extrovert Agreeableness Neuroticism Conscientiousn Openness to

ess experience
Casual conservation/ allow yourself to be help them to feel Love to be Direct , honest and offers
informality vulnerable and open to safe by being respected/using new idea
building a personal encouraging and precise
connection supportive. communication style

Prefer to stand or sit Soft, mild tone of voice Facial expressions- Display emotion when Articulate in language/ good
close to the conversation anger, fear they interact with verbal abilities
partner someone
More frequent body Soft and indirect ways to Observe others while God verbal skills Prefer direct communication
movements, loud, approach smiling they less
talkative often smile back
Eye contact –prefer face to Attractive to others No eye contact – non Talkative in certain Tendency to feel insecure when
face verbal situation people raise voice

Affectionate and Able to compromise their Speech errors fear criticism and being
emotionally open - needs with others wrong.
expressiveness
Friendly, relaxed, fun and Emotional & defensive organised and
loving way communicate logically

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