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SCIENCE 8

Name of Learner: _______________________ Grade Level: _______________

Section: _______________________________ Score: ____________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Relationship between Voltage and Current

Background Information for Learners

Electricity is almost an indispensable part of our lives. Lighting, heating,

transportation, and communication are all dependent on it.
When you connect an electric fan to an outlet, you are assembling and using an
electric circuit. It consists of a source of electrical energy, connecting wires and a
load.
The three electrical quantities are current, I measures in amperes(A), voltage, V
measures in volts(V) and resistance, R measures in ohms ( ).
In an electric circuit, the voltage is the work done in moving or pushing the charged
electrons (current) from one point to another in the circuit. The current in the circuit,
on the other hand, is responsible for illuminating the bulb or in rotating the electric
fan as the case maybe. The amount of current in the circuit is dependent upon the
voltage applied. This amount of current can be indicated by the intensity of
brightness in the case of a lighted bulb.

Voltage, V is directly proportional to current, I, that is

V I or V = k I
Where k, the proportionality constant, is the slope of the V vs I graph. This constant k
is equal to the resistance, R of the circuit, so
R = V/I
The unit of electrical resistance is defined as
R = volt (V)/ampere (A) or ohm ( )
1 = 1 V/A

The relationship between voltage, current and resistance is known as Ohm’s Law,
named after George Simo Ohm, who pioneered the study of such relation. Ohm’s
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law states that current, I is directly proportional to the voltage, V and inversely
proportional to the resistance, R. In equation: I = V/R
Most electric circuits we see operate on more than one load called multiple load
circuits. For instance, when you turn on light in the dining room, lamps in your
bedroom remain unlighted, but if you remove one light bulb from Christmas bulbs,
the other bulbs no longer light.

Light bulbs in houses are connected differently from that of Christmas bulbs. The
connection of light bulbs at home is called parallel while the Christmas light bulbs is
in series.

A series connection has two or more loads but current flows through a
singleconducting path while parallel connections has more than one path for current
to flow. The figure below shows the differences between series and parallel
connections.

Fig.1: Series Connection Fig. 2: Parallel

connection

Applying Ohm’s law for series and parallel connections consider these equations
below.

Series connections
IT = I1 = I2 = I3 …
VT = V1 + V2 + V3 + …
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + …

Parallel connections
IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + …
VT = V1 = V2 = V3 …
_1_ = _1_ + _1_ + _1_ + …
RT R1 R2 R3
This learning activity sheet will help you understand more of the relationship between
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voltage and current.

Learning Competency with code:
Infer the relationship between current and voltage. (S8FE-Ig-30)