UAIT-

TE
and Yeav
Amplitude Modula tion

8ase band T anSmlss lon:

original infoTmne
The ele ctn Cal auivatent
Known Ehe b a s bans Signa
- on
in ohich he
The Communl cation SyShm
a n s mitted direety is
base band Siqnals
ag a Se band +Yans MiSsto
Knoun

Bae .band trans mission

efpesk ve on
iTe
CommunicaOn Eample telephone
netwoT (tandt
3ut s ineeuent for irelesS

Tadho
Commuu Cation

9umiLaions f ageband TanSmisSiOn:

ou TAun y ang aseband

Signal Cannobt rave Long diStance nfre eSpa

Tauel ShoTt distaNA
asT after
SupPreSsed, So Not Used
Signa 9cts

Comm Cat o

Modulation:

Defini hon
S defnc<d 0 he plcSs
Modulaton

Para mettS he aTeY

the
 n thC proccss of Modulakon, he messag e
signal ranslatcs i.<, Shiftd from Low

hig3hhi9h frtaeny
Need for Modulaiion

Reduct on ehight of aNten na.

Avoids of Signa
nTeases he CoMn unu coNon

Mutt plexing Potsible

mprowCs aity Teapfon.

ReJueTon he helght f antenNa

for an S mi&sion TaAio S\gn

heig hE muSt
an ttn a multple
oave 1 g
oheTe

heTC C o g ht

P freaucny 6 the Signa

be ansmtteA .

Eam pic
The minlmum anth. hgtE
tCs mit base 6and Signa f ovHz s
Col c u l a l e 2

Miumum heah1
 height O-nenna

hegh o 3L

1500 MRAe

Decignlng Oun ttone T.Skm

heght ght 15vm
es+gaiag TSee-ebdehs iS
PTa ci a l y impoSsible.
2Let Consi d r C modulatcd Signeal

The mi mum na hRig ke

MHZ
. her
Given
H Muz Ix1
Mu mum Cun tea hight
4 HX\xto

Th Ontnne o heghe 15m is Sy

designcd

>Thus,MOdulati on reduceo he heighe

Avolds míung of Signals
thc
thc ba se loand Sound Signals are trans

-mitte oiout uSing hodulation by more han

6nc rnSmi tte, then all the Signals oi be în

hc Samc reuen y

Thoc fore Ehe Signal3 g mdned gethor

reover
and Conot Separ at them rom
ther

ene, L Roth baseband Sound Stgnoal ts

hodu lat a
difterent arrier hen
py Pf tntSlots in the e
om oain

Thub nodulati on OvoidS miing

Signas
Base bond Bayeland
Sgnal Hgna

looH
R e u v e

T
Trary mi e r (O
1
o-20k)
T Tras m u

Regu
in. LosS of
fomabi t o - o kh

S1gna
Tr any i (5

thu bate band Stgraly

To avold
modulat d i c r ent
C
Muu pleing iS Poisibie

Mulltipleni ng S a prou in
ore gnals on be trans mitted too
er
Commun labion Channl the Sa
Simul tano
y oith
uLIy ThiS
p s ez modulodton
Muaiploni ne auoS Came han nu
be many Hanas
H e n e , many Ty hannds COn
ne
Came e u n y TOnGe oithout 9 ing
iltd
each the
voith diPfren uy
Cn t r ans m t e
gno
the ame

Faeband
Slgnal
abltt2
MOdulaired am hanml

Modul attd

with 2MH2 Mult ple|

Bageband
gnal2
MOdulid
18auand

nprovts ouali ty o Rerp on

The e t no se an e
ugn Certovn y minimized hy
modul tion ehniaue
mpOvs
eRpion
 )MAZ
Orner
M dula
Carr
MAdul

Tanyiu) 4to8)M2 R
Trans m )

0 2 t o15MH2)

orit

Moduta
Yan )
Commni t o)
nrea 6 the
iS ous
base band Stgna
The au gnats nnot r e v A.
LooFreaus y
ha
ond
ohen h aTe traMimi tted the
Lona diStorRJ
heoy
Signo educes u s l t
distordon
he
The ransmitted signal,
unty h
noro
Long an a
ond hy an

modlodon protus inerta Sey

h fequ
The
t h the signa b e rans mi tted

the Tan ge t Commudcr

(reage
Thert fort,
- ao
Amplitude MOdulatlon:

peniton
Anpide modulaton iS degined a S t h e proca sSS

COmey i th respe
he Qu mputude of
o vomying9
negsage Slena
the Cm ptu-tude
C
AM

Ampitude Modulati on
psesc

SSB-SC

Tme domaun RRpres ent edion Ampubade Medu

Ldtt signal

mCt Am S )= Mod uloted

Moduloto Signat
messag
COY)
Loul oLillotos
c) tomer gno
ngna
m t) mess onge
Cgnal aGe band
Ag nal
med uLatng St9nal

Cct) = Correr gnol

Arnp kude od ülne Sionl

 CCt) Ac An¢t+ )
CC+) ohu A: Anp oftoTier
A safet
Am etgna
ModuLattd ignal S t ) is
stt) Ac+n tt)) los (2Wft
Act Ac
stt) A () m s (aift
Ac + kamti s (a i t )

Amputde Sensitvtty:
Ac

S) Att Kmu) Cst r At)

T doan p Rnt odtion Am etna

hOh n d
kamt) Modulation
depth 0 mo dul 0 i on denokts

kmlt)
P , amu<1 9 undo od ulab
u-l, |kamu) - 1 per feut modlab
. f 71 amur| 71 OVer odulab'n
 S.

mct)
Arn os (211-fmt)

Oho Am Anptude m gnal

n ty 0 m gna

lkam t = k a A m s(zent)= KuAmn

kaAm

S <1, kaAm<, wnder odulatom

l=l afml, Pn feur odulab
Ul, kaAm 7 VUY od u l a t o o

So Moduion And Or depth MAdul-

Ac
A
Ac

Modulati n Anden KauAm XIoo

Aas

iu Cia o1 enomes
uz,
OVUr rodul s wkich enitA
Single tone Modul ation
Sinaiefreaun y
at
ModulaHon O a Si9nal

Modutaton
ne
s Caued Singl
AM oave

doma'n auaGon
Tme
ActKam ct)) Cos 2i ftt
SCt)
AmcoS a ufmt
Modulaton
mtt)
for ngle tone

S+) AcItkaAmtog afmt)

tos
iT E

CoSkfmt Cos2 uf
AcokfctAYA m
Modulat'on nden. o r

oher
M= kaAm
Me d u la ' o n .
dept

A tsTAt ++A,u toS 2i.fmt eCos 2T f

SCt) =

os2Tfmt CoS 2 1ftt

Acts21Tict
* Aca
2

ACo 2TkE+AcA
(AAB)t¬A-B
2CosA) B =Cos

St) A Cos ant t +Au Cos a(tttAm)t tsai14tM

SL) Ac ftE + AcAL cs2T (+4m) t +Cs aT (ftn}|

2

Timc don auu'on q AM a v

euen ty donan presenkaton

St): Ac Co[ anfet + Ag cos 2

Cftfmt+Lesi (&*fmt)
Stt Ac +aikt Au 2fctf j27(4ES)
2

ja m) tja ftm)t
+ 2

st =
A-|e
2 22TE ActaT (tcten)t jaT (f*fm) t
+Ac 2 Atm)t i21T (F4m)t

Appy ouir Trans foTm

St Ac6 (-F)+6( +Ac(6 -(f+4no,))+6(f4CtAi

+Aga r-t)+5(f+(F))
Spetrum'
 2
Ac As
L S 8

- m-ft-FAm - V e

ve

upper Side band frea fttm

Louoer Side oend Srear o ftm

CaTrner frcouen fe
rB fa, Lse r

AM ignal 24m her

7
hight frea Comp e e n t
 1
Multtne Meodutoao
Modul otion megsagc Signal mutpe fcau u

-es Caucd Mututoe ModulaGo n

mittd Ginal oRh
Con Sicdo mt) is a band

MCF)
mCt M

Consider Standard eauaOn

AM

Sct)= Ac +kam uCoSft

9t)= AcCoaTFt +Akam CoLTt

Sct) A G J+ht) J2Rt

+AK am t ) | e

+e

APpy t)2fst Gf-

Gft4)
SLf) s ( ) +5(trt)) +Aa| M|E-4) +M (4
Frea FrcauCny demain cOrAetotion Ann
 -

Spetrum

A A

LSH
LsS

freay

Pre
frea omps a Fct t
5B C s
ArA
AM

AM a

p 5
wha
Cowiatdn Modulaion 4n den in nge nc

Modul on

mod u 1atf
Prna
rna
Mam u m
Voto4
Arnun minmurn vota3t e d u t oktà A

mUt) ArCosa nf,t

Ans
A C2it (oTrie Gigral
CL)

Ven a* Arn
Ama Am

A m
Amin
Add

mautAmin A , + Ac

Amart Amin
Ama+Ami
A )
2

Subtratt O eaO
Amay Amdon Amrty

Aman Amin &Am

Am Ama Amin
Catu)
AS e
elready Knoto hat hee
U= ka Am
Ka

Modul a'oninden M = Am

Subctitur
Ac
e a LY a es, uy n LS)
Am
Am Anan Amuo
Ami
Ac Ana+Amin

Ana -Amun
Vnani m
AmaM. Ain
Vnan+mdo
Ana Amin
Ama tmin

*
Pouser Relodiong

Conde me damoin yuadion a Am way

Total
Stde oands
POusRr tra mit AM
modulakes 4naL

Pct Puse sg
otal uasm ting pouo
taNit ecamUr
P
urrd t tra UsB
Pousey

se
LSB
PLs
VL
P
P V

V Ap Hana consi der R.M.9 vettag

a t t s AC igral)

v2
P
 Carie p o t

Anpitud of caTT Gtgna A c , R.MS valne2

Pe weY

A
R

A
2

Pus opper de band pawer

CempeAant
Amprd
R.MS Vau Aa
P Tms-
8R

8R

Lower
d e loand peue

CeAps n t

Anuptud

Value e AM
AM
MS
2
P N
2

Lse
 Pet s se
A
8R

A A
+
A

koha P

EPRien )
Sldebae poue

Totol r a s ad a a a

Pse d da band Pouer PoRr

Rosef ssg
Totol tramitea Power
LSB

82 8R

ehen y)
 Cnyn) .
o f eftceny x os

in dax
Moel ulotom
whas

uTreu,
AntEnna

Ancunn CuTrnt ( +)
Aenna CuTret befor Moduoton
Ic
Anttana CuTrnt Ae

Me dm Sndn
 pYoblcmi

1 A COmor
Cigna Ct) SCos aT lot s Modula
Moduaudd
loy mey og
agnal mt= 4cog To
Am qna Colur & U,
t9eerotu
Basndoi d ond
Ond
Peue ehun y ) .

Ct) =
Acos aTft 5sS aUot
t o r n a ign

A5V
mt) Am Co Rufmt =
tosaTLOt
mesao gal
Am 4N m

Molul cis n Andn An O.3

Meduuis 4nd

Band uol d H fm xut lo 8ta

TeAa pou
Pe A
) 5)2
--)
 eecny n) ko
Pe idcband pouer Pue PLsB

Aa

CsC-
Ceeun y)
obfo 29 du/

(P): 4 Camu t) =
5oRT wE S mod
- ulaked oy Vnt ) = C%luTT o t
7nrot en
oth modulaTO. du
AM Ggn
Coltab powr dermun

elp
CC) =Actos (nfrt)=5 Cos 21Tlo t

Ac 5v
H 2 = MH 2
Mt)
Cos u u lot
Aa
Ps H
mt) A m CoS 21fn

Ae m 2X1oH 2
 Am
.2
A

se(lo.2 2XoT

MH2
HH2,P (ec)a)
P+s 2S+o5 P 12)
2.4 s 2

.25
Ra s O-11

Siga VaTies from

AM
) The Ampu bude o
o4 an
ndex, Carrter
n o d u l adonD
TVto 15V dacr mine

cand
pouer sg
Amin SV
Aman 15V,

E Moduraien nde
AmaAmio z 15-5
Ama Amun 5+S

=e.S

(R )

A Ama+Amin 6+S

P r)7 56
 AA R ) = A
HR

P Side band ( 5) 6.2sw

Sot6a5 5625u
P+ Psg.

=Modutat
on
And : o.5

PC50
Pse 25

CurKTA an AM oav
anenng
) The
Q d
M o d lo n

is 8A befer
transmitt MOdu To9
Meduàb'on . Dekermina

8.SSA
oLnd eseny )
nd before Medulaten =8A
tuTret

1, Artanna

Afir
Moduaon 85A
AntnAO

8.5 8 t

( H
 -) 0So4

Pse 2