NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IGC1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Construction Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management

Open Book Examination

ANSWER TEMPLATE

Available for 24 hours

Learner name Muhammad Mahaz

NEBOSH learner 00651602
number
Learning Partner name Cardiff school certified professional

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0010-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

Task 1: The influence of peers

Question 1
The Car showroom has a terrible health and safety culture, which is exacerbated by the
influence of colleagues who act negatively toward other employees. Which can be seen in
the following situations:

 For negative peer group pressures, a hierarchy can be seen where pressure is
applied from the top to the bottom, and the scenario demonstrates that the Head of
Sales being an influential individual with ten years of show room experience is
more concerned with sales than with worker safety.

 From the head of sales the negative attitude of achieving the targets on the expense
of safety, is adopted by the sales supervisor who continues to reinforce it further in
his team.

 The sales staff also performing work in potentially hazardous ways as a result of
negative peer pressure to meet sales targets and in an attempt to fit into them.

 The sales apprentice using the fire extinguisher in a humorous manner in an attempt
to fit in with the negative peer group, and the sales supervisor seeing the humorous
aspect of the situation and failing to recognise that this is an emergency
equipment.

 A senior salesperson is concerned about health and safety issues, and he has raised
his voice in front of the sales supervisor, but the sales supervise declares the
danger as minor.

 So, to fit in with the rest of his team (including top management), the senior
salesman will perform unsafe actions and situations. He however has ceased
worrying about the display room's employees' working circumstances.

 When asked about the Fire evacuation tests, the showroom's MD had a negative
attitude toward senior salespeople, saying that he couldn't criticise his team's job
because they were hitting their sales targets.

 As there is no top management commitment to health and safety in the situation, a

negative peer group pressure is imposed, forcing the senior salesperson to conform
to this peer group pressure as well.

Task 2: Emergency procedures

Question 2 (a)
The following are some of the excellent aspects of the car show room's fire safety

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 arrangements.

Fire-retardant measures:
Putting back fire extinguishers, as shown in the scene, is a sign that the structure has been
equipped with fire protection measures.

Deputy Fire Marshal:

The Sales supervisor is performing the job of Fire marshal in this scenario, hence a fire
marshal has been designated for the Car Show room.

Alarming system:
Fire alarms have been installed and call points have been outfitted with all necessary
information, making the building's fire safety measures excellent.

Drilling for fires:

Workplaces are obligated to conduct frequent fire drills, and the scenario depicts that this
is the case.

ER site:
An emergency assembly site has been established for staff and workers to gather in the
event of a fire.

Notification system:
It is also a positive sign of fire safety arrangements that there are fire safety signs and fire
action notices posted throughout the facility.

Question 2 (b)
There are several negative fire safety measures at the car showroom, including the
following:

Workers should be informed about the building's fire safety measures, however the
scenario demonstrates that they get a brief induction upon hiring.

Fire drills should be conducted often in the workplace, but the Sales supervisor
reports that management believes they are unnecessary, which is a negative
indicator.

A professional firefighter should be present in the showroom, but the situation

indicates that no such person is there, which is a bad indicator.

The fire danger is judged minimal, despite the presence of highly flammable fuels in
the cars parked within the showroom, which is also a warning indicator.

The fire extinguisher is an emergency item, and the apprentice uses it in a humorous
manner, and the sales supervisor, despite being a fire marshal, also uses it in a
humorous manner and returns it.

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 Top management commitment is required to provide fire safety procedures,
however key arrangements are missing, which is a warning indicator.

The fire marshal must be a properly qualified individual, however the incident
demonstrates that the Sales supervisor assuming the job of fire marshal is an
inexperienced individual.

Workers should be completely aware of the fire emergency process, but the situation
demonstrates that they are not, indicating negative culture of safety.

There is no sufficient fire evacuation testing, which was also raised by the senior
salesperson, but was ignored by the MD.

The building's fire safety measures are primarily designed to please insurance and
not to protect visitors.

Question 2 (c)
Provision of emergency measures is a legal necessity, and it must be followed because
accidents can happen despite all safeguards.

It will help employers to educate and teach their personnel on emergency protocols,
as the participants in the simulation were unaware of what was going on.

These processes must be practised to minimise delays in emergency circumstances.

Only by practising these emergency procedures will we be able to identify areas for
improvement.

It is also a legal necessity to practise emergency procedures, which is why drills are
held.

This allows us to assess our emergency equipment and verify that it is ready to use
in the event of an emergency.

It allows everyone to practise their given duty in the event of an emergency, making
them more prepared for such situations.

Task 3: Accident reporting

Question 3 (a)
Accidents and close misses must be recorded, but the Sales supervisor takes a dim view of
accident reporting, particularly in the case of apprentices.

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 The sales manager believes that if he takes the afflicted individual under his wing,
he will be able to conceal the incident, which is a negative attitude toward
accidents.

The Sales Supervisor believed this mishap to be a problem involving solely the
trainee and did not report it because he thought it would disgrace the apprentice.

Even after the fracture, the sales supervisor urged the apprentice to lie about it and
forced him to pretend that the event happened while he was on his way home,
which was another attempt to conceal the truth about the occurrence.

The sales supervisor misjudged the occurrence and failed to report it, resulting in the
apprentice's fracture.

This accident should have been reported to the Head of Sales right away, but the
sales supervisor failed to do so, which is not a good strategy

Question 3 (b)
An official report should be filed by the company, with all relevant details included.
The following information should be included in the accident report:

Accident information:
The date, time, and location of the accident must be included.

Apprentice’s information:
The apprentice's name, address, and phone number must be included in the accident
report.

Explanation of the leading factors:

The supervisor asked the apprentice to move a car from parking to a hardstanding
location right in front of the entrance, and while doing so, the apprentice received a
call while exiting the vehicle and had his hand tripped in the seat belt, causing him to
fall down.

Detail of Injury & Medical Treatment:

The trainee went to the hospital after experiencing wrist pain, and an X-Ray revealed a
tiny fracture in the wrist. His arm was cast in plaster.

Causative factors;
The causes of the accident appeared to be the use of a mobile phone and doing a work
in an inattentive manner, as well as the necessary steps.

Witness information:
Witness information, contact information, and a written statement should be obtained,
as well as information on the individual filing this complaint.

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0010-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

Task 4: The legal reasons for health and safety management

Question 4
legal considerations for managing health and safety in car showrooms:
since this showroom is located in a country, it must adhere to both national and
international legal frameworks. If the Car showroom fails to achieve these regulations, the
firm will face prosecution and legal ramifications.

Penalties, warnings and sealing:

 The showroom may be penalised or given improvement warnings. They may also
close the display room if the legal requirements are not met. Failure to satisfy the
legal requirements is regarded a criminal offence.

Penalty or imprisonment for head:

 Individuals such as the Head of Sales, Sales Supervisor, and MD may also be fined
or imprisoned since they are obligated to satisfy legal requirements, and failure to
do so may result in legal issues.

Violation of ILO obligation in the scenario:

 The corporation failed to establish health and safety arrangements appropriate to the
nature and magnitude of the operation, which is a legal duty under the ILO.

 According to the ILO, the management must offer sufficient oversight to the jobs,
but the scenario suggests that there was a lack of supervision, which is also a legal
necessity

Other legal offences:

 There should be suitable safe working techniques designed for employment, but the
scenario demonstrates that management was primarily concerned with sales
objectives and has enabled people to execute their duties as they saw fit while still
meeting the sales goal, which is also a legal offence.

 Workers, in addition to management, have violated several of their legal safety

obligations, such as not following safety instructions and doing work in risky
ways.

Irresponsibility towards legal formalities:

 The scenario shows that the sales supervisor and apprentice neglect to report an
occurrence, which is a legal crime that will result in penalties and notices from the
authorities.

Absence of safe working environment:

 It is a legal duty that the employer of the Car Showroom offer a safe working
environment for all of its employees, yet the scene demonstrates that there were
numerous accidents and near misses in the showroom.

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0010-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 Lack of training to the personnel:
 It is the legal obligation of management to offer training to all of its employees, yet
the employees appear to be unskilled, and even the designated fire marshal was
untrained, which is a legal offence.

Task 5: Workers’ responsibilities in the workplace

Question 5

The following are the violations observed in the context of Article 19 of C-155 and
recommendation 16 of R164 in the given scenario:

violations of Article 16 of R-164:

ILO recommendation R-164 says that accidents and near misses should be reported,
but this was not done at the scene, which is a crime.

In this scene, the fire extinguisher was used on a sleeping supervisor by an

apprentice who was making fun of the ILO recommendation.

Workers must look out for their own safety and the safety of everyone else, but they
didn't do that, which led to a lot of different accidents that hurt both them and
other people, like when an apprentice's wrist was broken.

Workers should follow safety rules, but the scene shows that they didn't and were
using their phones while they were working.

This is an offence because workers were speeding and talking on their phones while
driving, but they didn't report it, which is against the law.

Violation of C-155 Article 19:

A worker should report any event that puts them in risk to their employer, however
the scenario reveals that accidents and near misses are not reported, as there was a
fracture in a worker's wrist while on the job, yet this occurrence was not reported.

The workers were expected to execute their tasks safely and to follow the health and
safety instructions, but there was also an order not to use a mobile phone while on
the job, which the workers did, which was a violation.

Workers and worker representatives were obliged to get some health and safety
training, but the scenario demonstrates that no such training was provided, and
even the fire marshal was untrained, which is a violation.

Workers must be advised on health and safety issues, but the scenario demonstrates

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0010-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 that there was none in the auto display area, which is a breach.

It also requires employees and representatives to work together to accomplish their

tasks safely, however the incident demonstrates that the sales supervisor was not
collaborating with the senior salesperson and was more interested in the sales.

Task 6: Near misses

Question 6
As seen in the scenario, there had been past close misses and instances that went
unrecorded. The investigation will help avoid future accidents in the showroom because:

Collection of factual information:

Conducting an investigation into prior near-miss situations aids in the collecting of factual
information, as individuals do not recall everything. This may also have aided us in
adopting effective preventative steps in the aftermath of the accident.

Determining the root causes:

Investigation of near misses in the Car showroom will enable the management to ascertain
the immediate and root causes of the incident and work on resolving those issues to
prevent future incidents and accidents.

Booster for morale of employees:

Investigating near miss situations will assist increase employee morale, ensuring that they
act safely in the future to avoid accidents.

Improvement of risk assessment:

A thorough analysis of the near miss occurrence will assist in improving the risk
assessment, therefore preventing this accident.

importance of safety:
If earlier near misses were thoroughly reviewed, it would have showed top management's
commitment, and workers would have learned to prioritise safety, preventing this
catastrophe.

Identification of trends and patterns:

Investigations of near misses aid in data collection, which enables the identification of
trends and patterns in accidents, as well as the identification of remedial steps that may
have been done to avoid the accident.

Improvement of health and safety performance:

Had earlier near misses been probed, they could have prompted management to improve
workers' health and safety performance, therefore averting this catastrophe.

Action against violator:

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0010-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 Accident investigation will help us take disciplinary action against the people who did not
follow safety rules. This will help us avoid more near-misses.

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0010-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

Task 7: Health and safety culture

Question 7
Negative health and safety culture indicators include the following:

The managing director of the auto showroom has little interaction with his
employees and believes that there is no need to question risky conduct on his team,
which is a symptom of a poor culture in the workplace.

New apprentices are not provided a thorough safety orientation upon their arrival,
which is indicative of a detrimental safety culture.

The health and safety concerns have been allocated to the head of sales, who has
received no health and safety training in order to execute this function.

There is no documentation of occurrences and accidents, which indicates a lack of a

positive safety culture in the workplace.

There is no dialogue with employees addressing their health and safety concerns at
the car showroom.

As the storey demonstrates, health and safety is given less importance than sales,
which is an indication of a bad safety culture.

In this case, management of the auto showroom underestimates the fire danger,
which is indicative of a bad safety culture.

The senior salesperson is extremely concerned about health and safety, but he is
consistently excluded from meetings, which is indicative of a detrimental safety
culture in the organisation.

The management has given its employees the flexibility to do anything they want as
long as they meet sales objectives, which is an indication of a bad safety culture in
the organisation.

Management of the car showroom does not encourage changes that would improve
the health and safety conditions of the showroom, as demonstrated by the senior
salesperson's suggestion to review the fire evacuation testing safety, which was
dissuaded by the MD.

Peer group pressure was exerting a detrimental effect on the apprentice, as he used
the fire extinguisher for fun in order to fit in, a sign of a bad safety culture.

There is insufficient monitoring of employees in the showroom, indicating a low

safety culture.

As the scenario demonstrates, workers were unaware of emergency procedures and

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0010-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 exercises.

Accidents and near misses are not recorded, as was the case with the recent accident
on the scene, indicating a bad safety culture.

The apprentice's use of the fire extinguisher as a toy and the sales supervisor's
response to this behaviour likewise demonstrate a bad sign of safety culture.

The vehicle showroom's top management was not devoted to health and safety,
since the head of sales was more concerned with sales objectives than with safety.

As indicated in the scenario, there have been several near misses and injury
incidents in the vehicle showroom.

The workers' conduct was shaped adversely, and they performed jobs in a hazardous
manner as a result of their bad behaviour.

There was no compliance with safety guidelines, and workers were discovered to be
texting and driving and exceeding the posted speed limit.

 Inadequate safety training was provided to workers, as evidenced by the scenario,

and workers engaged in risky behaviour as a result of their lack of training,
indicating a poor safety culture.

Task 8: Health and safety management roles and responsibilities

Question 8
The following are the roles and their effectiveness that may be found at an car showroom:

managing Director:

 He was dismissive of the senior sales officer's concern about fire evacuation,
claiming he had no reason to suspect the workers' unsafe behaviour.

 In this case, it appears that the M.D. of this car showroom is more concerned with
sales goals than health and safety.

 M.D. should employ qualified health and safety personnel, yet the Head of Sales
who was chosen had no expertise in health and safety.

 MD should emphasise health and safety, yet the scene reveals that MD is more
concerned about sales.

Head of Sales:

 The Showroom's Safety in-charge, who was also the head of sales, was in charge of

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0010-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 day-to-day health and safety. However, the circumstance demonstrates that he was
more concerned with sales than safety. He has created a bad peer group pressure.

 He should have upgraded the display room's health and safety conditions, but the
scenario indicates that he was an unskilled individual.

Supervisor of Sales:

 The sales supervisor was also acting as a fire marshal, despite his lack of experience
in this field.

 The sales supervisor was in responsible of health and safety in his region, yet the
scenario shows he was negligent. He has empowered his people to execute their
jobs and achieve their goals at whatever cost.

 The sales supervisor was also attempting to conceal the fracture event and even
forcing the worker to lie about it, demonstrating a bad role behaviour.

Senior Sales Representative:

 The senior salesperson is responsible for the health and safety of everyone in his
zone, and he does his best. He raised his voice in front of Sales supervisor and
M.D. to address health and safety issues.

Apprentices and other employees:

 Apprentices and other workers are expected to act safely, yet the scene demonstrates
that they are not.

 They must also follow the safety rules, however the apprentices use their phones in
addition to the instructions.

 They are supposed to record any accident or near miss, however the situation
indicates that the apprentice has not reported an accident.

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Documents and https://www.clearrisk.com/risk-management-blog/are-your-near-misses-

sources of being-reported
information you
used in your

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0010-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 examination https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/10994-reporting-
near-misses

https://www.apave.com/en/Your-Needs/Preserving-occupational-health-
and-safety

https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/job-
descriptions/pages/environmental-health-and-safety-manager.aspx

https://www.wcb.yk.ca/web-0044/web-0105

End of examination

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0010-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb22 © NEBOSH 2022 page