CONFIDENTIAL

FACULTY OF HOSPITALITY, TOURISM AND WELLNESS

Final Assessment Semester February

Session 2021/2022

COURSE : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CODE : HPT30103

PROGRAMME : SAH/SAP/SAS
MONTH : JULY 2022
DURATION : 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:

1. This paper contains FIVE (5) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions.
3. Write answer for each question in a new page in the answer booklet.

MATRIC NO. : H20A1308

TABLE NO. :
PROGRAMME :
LECTURER’S NAME (LECTURE) :

This paper consists of 7 pages excluding the first sheet.

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION BOOK UNTIL BEING TOLD

© Copyright UMK
HPT30103/FEBRUARI/2022 SULIT/ CONFIDENTIAL

Arahan: Jawab SEMUA soalan

Instructions: Answer ALL Questions

1. Suraya mahu menjalankan kajian mengenai kelesuan pekerja apabila lima

pekerjanya mengambil keputusan untuk menyerahkan surat peletakan jawatan
mereka dalam satu masa. Kebanyakan pekerja ini telah memutuskan untuk
meletakkan jawatan kerana mereka tidak dapat lagi menahan tekanan yang mana
mereka merasakan tidak memadai untuk diteruskan. Oleh kerana itu, Suraya
membangunkan soal selidik dengan tiga pembolehubah tidak bersandar terhadap
kelesuan pekerja sebagai pembolehubah bersandar. Dia juga menggunakan skala
Likert 6 mata untuk semua soalan kecuali profil demografi pekerja. Penggunaan
skala Likert akan mencerminkan sama ada pekerja bersetuju atau tidak dengan
kenyataan yang diberikan. Sebelum Suraya mengedarkan borang soal selidik
kepada pekerjanya, dia telah memastikan soal selidik tersebut telah memenuhi ciri-
ciri pengukuran yang baik. Dia juga telah merujuk soal selidik kepada eksekutif
sumber manusia dan ianya dinilai berdasarkan empat kualiti. Berikut adalah antara
kenyataan yang digunakan dalam soal selidik.

Suraya wants to conduct a study on employee burnout when five of her employees
decided to turn their resignation letters at one time. Most of these employees have
decided to resign as they could no longer cope with the stress in which they feel like
it is not worthy to continue. Therefore, Suraya developed a questionnaire with three
independent variables towards the employee burnout as the dependent variable. She
also used a 6-point Likert scale for all questions except for the demographic profile of
the employees. The usage of Likert scale will reflect whether the employees agree or
disagree with the statements given. Before Suraya distributing the questionnaire to
her employees, she has made sure the questionnaire has fulfilled the characteristics
of good measurement. She has also referred the questionnaire to a human resource
executive and it was judged based on four qualities. Here are among the statements
used in the questionnaire.

Bil. Pemerkasaan Pekerjaan Skala Likert

No. Job Empowerment Likert scale
Saya secara terbuka boleh menyatakan
kebimbangan saya tentang tanggungjawab
kerja saya.
1. 1 2 3 4 5 6
I can openly express my concerns regarding
my work responsibilities.
Saya mampu menyelesaikan masalah,
menggunakan cara saya sendiri.
2. 1 2 3 4 5 6
I am able to solve a problem, using my own
way.
Saya diberi kuasa untuk membuat
keputusan siapa yang akan menjadi ahli
pasukan saya.
3. 1 2 3 4 5 6
I am empowered to decide who will be my
team members.

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a) Bina skala persetujuan Likert 6 mata yang seimbang untuk kenyataan dalam
kotak di atas, diantara 1 hingga 6.

Construct the balanced 6-point Likert scale of agreement for the statements in
the above box, ranging from 1 to 6.

(3 markah/ marks)

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Somewhat Agree Strongly

disagree disagree agree agree
1 2 3 4 5 6

b) Dengan merujuk kepada jawapan di (a), bina skala persetujuan Likert 6 mata
yang tidak seimbang bagi kenyataan yang sama dalam kotak di atas.

By referring to the answer in (a), construct the unbalanced 6-point Likert scale
of agreement for the same statements in the above box.

(3 markah/ marks)

Strongly Disagree Neither Somewhat Agree Strongly

disagree agree nor agree agree
disagree
1 2 3 4 5 6

c) Suraya akan bertanyakan soalan mengenai kategori umur dan jabatan pekerja
di bahagian demografi soal selidik. Huraikan SATU (1) jenis skala asas
pengukuran yang paling sesuai yang boleh digunakan oleh Suraya.

Suraya will ask questions on age categories and employee’s department in the
questionnaire’s demographic section. Describe ONE (1) most appropriate type
of basic measurements of scales that can be used by Suraya.

Norminal
- Consists of categorizing items into groups
-It is used to indicate categories
-Numbers are only used as labels
- It has no numerical significance
-It does not represent any order or distance.

(4 markah/ marks)

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d) Terangkan DUA (2) jenis ujian kesahihan yang telah dilaksanakan oleh Suraya
dalam mengesahkan soal selidiknya.

Explain TWO (2) types of validity test that has been done by Suraya in
validating her questionnaire.

(5 markah/ marks)

e) Dengan merujuk kepada jawapan di (d), terangkan DUA (2) jenis ujian
kesahihan yang tidak dilaksanakan oleh Suraya dalam mengesahkan soal
selidiknya.

By referring to the answer in (d), explain TWO (2) types of validity test that has
not been done by Suraya in validating her questionnaire.

Content validity

Content validity pertains to the degree to which the instrument fully assesses
or measures the construct of interest. Content validity occurs when the
experiment provides adequate coverage of the subject being studied. For
example, say we are interested in evaluating the service quality of banks. We
would want to ensure that our questions fully represent the domain of service
quality of banks. The development of a content valid instrument is typically
achieved by a rational analysis of the instrument by experts familiar with the
construct of interest. Specifically, raters will review all items for readability,
clarity and comprehensiveness, and come to some level of agreement as to
which items should be included in the final instrument.

Face validity
The term face validity has a similar meaning. However, face validity generally
refers to 'non-expert' judgements of individuals completing the instrument
and/or executives who must approve its use. Respondents may refuse to
cooperate or may fail to treat seriously measurements that appear irrelevant
to them. Managers may refuse to approve projects that utilize measuremens
lacking in face validity. Therefore, to the extent possible, researchers should
strive for face validity.

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(5 markah/ marks)

2. Zakaria merupakan pelajar PhD di mana beliau ingin menjalankan kajian berkaitan
hipertensi dalam kalangan warga emas. Kajian beliau adalah kajian kualitatif di mana
beliau akan menggunakan data primer yang dikumpul daripada temu bual dengan
responden. Beliau bercadang untuk menemu bual lima responden dari setiap wilayah
di Malaysia, dengan jumlah keseluruhan sebanyak dua puluh responden. Berikut
adalah contoh soalan yang akan Zakaria ajukan kepada orang yang ditemuduga.

Zakaria is a PhD student whereby he wants to conduct a study that is related to

hypertension among elderly. His study is a qualitative study in which he will use
primary data collected from interviews with the respondents. He intends to interview
five respondents from each region in Malaysia, accumulating to twenty respondents
in

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total. Here are the examples of questions that Zakaria will ask to the interviewee.

Soalan
Question
Soalan 1 Pada pendapat anda, apakah faktor terpenting yang anda fikir akan
menyebabkan hipertensi?

Question 1 In your opinion, what is the most important factor that you think will
cause hypertension?
Soalan 2 Pada pendapat anda, adakah terdapat kemungkinan anda menghidap
hipertensi, mengambil kira gaya hidup anda sekarang?

Question 2 In your opinion, is there any possibility that you will have
hypertension, considering your current lifestyle?

a) Namakan SATU (1) bentuk soalan yang paling sesuai yang telah digunakan
oleh Zakaria dalam soal selidiknya.

Name ONE (1) most appropriate questions form used by Zakaria in his
questionnaire.

 Open ended

(2 markah/ marks)

b) Dengan merujuk kepada jawapan di (a), terangkan EMPAT (4) kebaikan dan
keburukan bentuk soalan yang digunakan oleh Zakaria dalam soal selidiknya.

By referring to the answer in (a), explain FOUR (4) advantages and

disadvantages of the questions form used by Zakaria in his questionnaire.

Advantages.

1. Permit unlimited number of answers.

2. respondents can qualify and clarify
3. responses
4. can find unanticipated answer

Disadvantages
1. answer can be irrelevant
2. inarticulate or forgetful respondents are disadvantages
3. coding responses are subjective and tedious
4. requires more responses

(8 markah/ marks)

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Semasa membangunkan soal selidik untuk temu bual, Zakaria telah diminta
oleh penyelianya untuk menukar pendekatan penyelidikannya kepada
pendekatan campuran di mana dia akan menjalankannya dalam kedua-dua
pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Oleh itu, dia perlu membangunkan satu
lagi soal selidik di mana kajian rintis akan dijalankan untuk menentukan
kesahihan dan kebolehpercayaannya. Semasa kajian rintis, responden telah
memaklumkan kepada Zakaria bagaimana mereka menghadapi masalah untuk
memahami soalan dalam soal selidik yang mana perkataan kenyataan tersebut
boleh ditafsir secara salah.

In the midst of developing the questionnaire for the interview, Zakaria was
asked by his supervisor to change his study’s research approach to a mix
approach whereby he will be conducting it in both qualitative and quantitative
approaches. Therefore, he needs to develop another questionnaire in which a
pilot study will be conducted to determine its validity and reliability. During the
pilot study, the respondents’ have informed Zakaria how they have trouble to
understand the questions in the questionnaire whereby the wording of the
statements may be interpreted wrongly.

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c) Berdasarkan situasi yang diberikan, Zakaria tidak memenuhi dua tujuan

melakukan ujian pra. Kenal pasti DUA (2) tujuan pra-ujian soal selidik ini yang
tidak dipenuhi.

Based on the given situation, Zakaria did not fulfilled two purposes of doing pre-
testing. Discover these TWO (2) purposes of pre-testing questionnaire which
were not fulfilled.

(4 markah/ marks)

Soalan Skala Likert

Question Likert scale
Dalam tempoh tiga tahun yang lalu,
saya bermotivasi untuk kurangkan
berat dan saya menghadapi masalah
untuk bernafas.
1 2 3 4 5
During the past three years, I am
motivated to lose weight and I have
difficulties in breathing.

d) Di atas adalah salah satu contoh soalan yang digunakan oleh Zakaria dalam
soal selidiknya. Kenal pasti TIGA (3) peraturan untuk perkataan soalan individu
yang tidak diikuti oleh Zakaria.

Above is one of the question used by Zakaria in his questionnaire. Discover

THREE (3) rules for wording of individual questions that has not be followed by
Zakaria.

Wording of Individual
Questions

- Use short and simple sentences

- Ask for only one piece of information at a time (no
- double-barrelled question)
- Avoid negatives if possible
- Ask precise questions
- Words must have the same meaning to all
respondents
(6 markah/ marks)

3. Dompet digital ialah sistem pembayaran prabayar dalam talian di mana seseorang
boleh memindahkan wang, menyimpan dan menggunakan wang serta boleh
membeli pelbagai jenis produk tanpa perlu menggunakan kad kredit atau debit.
Sebagai penyelidik, anda telah diminta untuk menjalankan kajian tentang kepuasan
pelanggan terhadap dompet digital di Malaysia. Anda memutuskan memilih kedua-
dua pendekatan penyelidikan,iaitu kualitatif dan kuantitatif bagi mendapatkan
maklumat.

The digital wallet is an online prepaid payment system where one can transfer
money, save and use stock money and can buy a wide range of products without
even swiping credit or debit card. As a researcher, you had been requested to

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conduct a study on customer satisfaction towards digital wallet in Malaysia. You
decided to choose both approach of research, qualitative and quantitative to get the
insightful information.

a) Nyatakan TIGA (3) perbezaan antara data kuantitatif dan kualitatif.

State THREE (3) differences between quantitative and qualitative data.

Qualitative Quantitative
Data involves “words”Data involves “numbers”.
Research is inductive Research is deductive
Researcher part of the situation or problem. Researcher an objective observer

(6 markah/ marks)

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b) Bincangkan pendekatan untuk mengumpul data secara kuantitatif bagi

penyelidikan di atas dengan DUA (2) sebab yang relevan.

Discuss an approach to collect the data quantitatively of above research with

TWO (2) relevant reasons.

Collection of Secondary
Data (cont.)

Important for any business research due to the following

reasons:

- Entirely appropriate and wholly adequate to draw

conclusions and answer the question or solve the problem.
- Far cheaper to collect secondary data than to obtain
primary data.
- Time involved in searching secondary sources is much
less.

(6 markah/ marks)

c) Anda juga diminta untuk meneroka tingkah laku dan interaksi diantara
pelanggan membincangkan mengenai kepuasan pelanggan terhadap dompet
digital apabila sekumpulan pelanggan bertemu pada masa yang sama di
tempat yang sama.

You also are requested to explore behaviour and interaction on customer

satisfaction towards digital wallet when a group of customers meet at the same
time in a same place.

i. Huraikan SATU (1) kaedah untuk mengumpul data bagi situasi dalam (c) di
atas.

Describe ONE (1) method to collect data for the situation in (c) above.

(4 markah/ marks)

ii. Bincangkan DUA (2) kelebihan jawapan anda di (i) di atas.

Discuss TWO (2) advantages of your answer in (i) above.

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(4 markah/ marks)

4. Kementerian Pelancongan, Kesenian dan Kebudayaan (MoTAC) kini telah

meningkatkan usaha untuk membantu industri pelancongan pulih dan bangkit semula
dalam fasa endemik COVID-19 negara ini. Sebagai penyelidik yang
dipertanggungjawab oleh MoTAC, anda diminta membuat kajian untuk menganalisa
faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku dan proses membuat keputusan
pelancong antarabangsa dalam memilih Malaysia sebagai destinasi. Kajian terdahulu
menekankan bahawa elemen alam sekitar, sifat peribadi dan infrastruktur
pelancongan adalah antara aspek yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk dimasukkan
dalam kajian.

Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (MoTAC) has now increased the effort to help
the tourism industry to recover and rise again in this COVID-19 endemic phase of the
country. As a researcher hired by MoTAC, you are requested to do a research to
analyse factors influencing the behaviour and decision-making of international tourist
in choosing Malaysia as a destination. Previous studies highlighted that
environmental elements, personal traits and tourism infrastructure are among the
aspects to consider to be included in the study.

a) Kenal pasti pembolehubah bersandar untuk penyelidikan di atas.

Identify dependent variable for above research.

(2 markah/ marks)

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Soalan 4
a) factors influencing the behaviour and decision-making of international tourist

b)
Environmental
element

factors influencing the behaviour

Personal traits and decision-making of international
tourist

Tourism
infrastructure

c) Hypothesis 1: environmental element have effect on factors influencing the behaviour and
decision-making of international tourist

Hypothesis 2: personal traits have effect on factors influencing the behaviour and
decision-making of international tourist

Hypothesis 3: tourism infrastructure have effect on factors influencing the behaviour

and decision-making of international tourist

d) Explain THREE (3) differences between independent and dependent variables

differences between independent and dependent variables are independent variable
a variable which can be predicted and explained. Variation in the dependent variable is
what a researcher tries to explain have different types of drug treatments or psychological
treatments, brief vs. long-term treatment, inpatient vs. outpatient treatment and types of
beverages consumed. Dependent variable that is predicted to be associated with or
explains the variation in the dependent variable, measures of adjustment, activity levels,
eating behavior, smoking behavior, measures of physiological responses such as heart
rate, blood pressure, and brain wave activity and measures of anxiety, mood, or marital
or life satisfaction.

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5. Nora telah menjalankan kajian mengenai penglibatan pelajar dalam pembelajaran
dalam talian di mana dia telah mensasarkan semua pelajar UMK dari tiga kampus
iaitu Kampus Jeli, Pengkalan Chepa dan Bachok. Nora telah dimaklumkan oleh
Bahagian Hal Ehwal Pelajar dan Alumni (HEPA) bahawa UMK mempunyai seramai
11,436 pelajar yang mana dia perlu menentukan bilangan saiz sampel yang
diperlukan untuk kajiannya. Nora akan membahagikan populasinya kepada tiga sub-
kumpulan berdasarkan kampus. Selepas itu, dia akan memilih sampel dari setiap
kampus secara rawak melalui senarai nama yang berjaya diperolehi daripada HEPA.
Memandangkan Nora seorang pekerja sepenuh masa, dia telah membayar seorang
pembantu penyelidik untuk membantunya menganalisis data kajian. Namun begitu,
Nora telah mendapati bahawa pembantu penyelidiknya telah tersilap memasukkan
data dan dia perlu memulakan proses itu sekali lagi.

Nora has conducted a study on student engagement in online learning whereby she
has targeted all UMK students from three campuses of Jeli, Pengkalan Chepa and
Bachok. Nora has been informed by the Department of Students and Alumni Affairs
(HEPA) that UMK has a total of 11,436 students in which she needs to decide the
number of sample size that she needs for her study. Nora will divide her population to
three subgroups based on the campuses. After that, she will randomly select the
sample from each of the campuses via the name list that she managed to get from
HEPA. As Nora is a full-time worker, she has paid a research assistant to help her in
analyzing the study’s data. Nonetheless, Nora has discovered that her research
assistant has incorrectly key in the data and she need to start the process all over
again.

a) Berdasarkan situasi di atas, terangkan SATU (1) kategori teknik persampelan

yang paling sesuai yang telah digunakan oleh Nora.

Based on the above situation, explain ONE (1) most appropriate category of
sampling technique which has been used by Nora.

(3 markah/ marks)

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b) Berdasarkan jawapan di (a), huraikan teknik persampelan yang telah

digunakan oleh Nora dalam kajiannya.

Based on the answer in (a), describe the sampling technique that was used by
Nora in her study.
(5 markah/ marks)

c) Berdasarkan situasi di atas, terangkan perkara berikut:

Based on the above situation, explain the following:

i. “N”
“N”

ii. “n”
“n”

(4 markah/ marks)

d) Berdasarkan jawapan-jawapan di (c), kenal pasti nilai-nilai bagi “N” dan “n”.

Based on the answers in (c), discover the values for “N” and “n”.

(4 markah/ marks)

e) Terangkan SATU (1) jenis ralat yang berlaku dalam penyelidikan Nora.

Explain ONE (1) type of error which occurred in Nora’s research.

(4 markah/ marks)

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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