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GVWJKVBV Wfwë Z E Emvq: Bdwbu 4
GVWJKVBV Wfwë Z E Emvq: Bdwbu 4
f‚wgKv
†fv³v‡`i wewfbœgyLx Pvwn`v, gvwjKvbv, e¨emvqx‡`i wbR¯^ g‡bvfve Ges AvKvi I ˆewk‡ó¨i Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi
e¨emvq msMV‡bi m„wó nq| G BDwb‡U Avgiv gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ e¨emv‡qi cÖKvi‡f`, GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi
aviYv,ˆewkó¨ I Dchy³ †ÿÎ, GK gvwjKvbvi e¨emvq MVb mnR †Kb/myweav I Amyweav,Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi
aviYv,ˆewkó¨, myweav I Amyweav, Askx`vwi e¨emvq I Askx`v‡ii cÖKvi‡f`, Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi Pzw³cÎ I
welqe¯‘, Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi MVb,wbeÜbKiY I Gi myweav, Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †f‡O hvIqvi KviY I
we‡jvcmvab, †hŠ_g~jabx e¨emv‡qi aviYv I ˆewkó¨, myweav I Amyweav, †hŠ_g~jabx e¨emv‡qi MVbcÖYvjx,
cÖKvi‡f` Ges cvewjK I cÖvB‡fU wjt †Kv¤úvwbi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡ev|
GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV- 4.1 : gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ e¨emv‡qi cÖKvi‡f`
cvV- 4.2 : GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi aviYv, ˆewkó¨ I Dchy³ †ÿÎ
cvV- 4.3 : GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq MVb GZ mnR †Kb/myweav I Amyweav
cvV- 4.4 : Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi aviYv, ˆewkó¨, myweav I Amyweav
cvV- 4.5 : Askx`vwi e¨emvq I Askx`v‡ii cÖKvi‡f`
cvV- 4.6 : Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi Pzw³cÎ I welqe¯‘
cvV- 4.7 : Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi MVb, wbeÜbKiY I Gi myweav
cvV- 4.8 : Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †f‡O hvIqvi KviY I we‡jvcmvab
cvV- 4.9 : †hŠ_g~jabx e¨emv‡qi aviYv,ˆewkó¨, myweav I Amyweav
cvV- 4.10 : †hŠ_g~jabx e¨emv‡qi MVb cÖYvjx, cÖKvi‡f` Ges cvewjK I cÖvB‡fU wjt †Kv¤úvwbi g‡a¨
cv_©K¨
mvims‡ÿc
gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ e¨emvq‡K cuvP fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| h_v: GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq, Askx`vwi
e¨emvq, †hŠ_g~jabx e¨emvq, mgevq e¨emvq I ivóªxq e¨emvq|
GKRb e¨w³i gvwjKvbvq, cwiPvjbvq I wbqš¿‡Y †h e¨emvq Zv‡K GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq e‡j|
Kgc‡ÿ `yÕRb Ges m‡e©v”P wek Rb (e¨vswKs e¨emvq †ÿ‡Î m‡e©v”P `kRb) e¨w³ gybvdv AR©b I Zv
wb‡R‡`i‡K g‡a¨ eȇbi Rb¨ Pzw³e× n‡q †¯^”Qvq †h e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡j Zv Askx`vwi e¨emvq|
†h e¨emvq msMVb A`„k¨, wPišÍb Aw¯Í‡Z¡i AwaKvix, hv wb‡Ri bvg I wmj Øviv cwiwPZ I cwiPvwjZ nq,
†hLv‡b gvwjKvbv mxwgZ `vqwewkó †kqvi msL¨v Øviv wba©vwiZ, Zv †hŠ_g~jbx e¨emvq|
cvi¯cwiK A_©‰bwZK Kj¨v‡Yi j‡ÿ GKB †kªwY ev †ckvi mggbv KwZcq e¨w³ mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póv I mg-
AwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ †`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvB‡bi AvIZvq †h MYZvwš¿K cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡j, Zv‡K mgevq
e¨emv‡q e‡j|
ïaygvÎ gybvdv bq, RbKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ iv‡óªi ev miKv‡ii gvwjKvbvq MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ e¨emvq
cÖwZôvbB n‡jv ivóªxq e¨emvq|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-4.1
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b
1. gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ e¨emvq‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
(K) `yB (L) wZb
(M) Pvi (N) cuvP
2. †Kvb e¨emvq me‡P‡q †ewk cÖvPxb?
(K) GK gvwjKvbv (L) Askx`vwi
(M) †hŠ_g~jabx (N) mgevq
3. †Kvb e¨emvq wPišÍb Aw¯Í‡Z¡i AwaKvix?
(K) GK gvwjKvbv (L) Askx`vwi
(M) †hŠ_g~jabx (N) mgevq
4. †Kvb e¨emv‡q mg‡ckvi †jvKRb wgwjZ n‡q _v‡K?
(K) GK gvwjKvbv (L) Askx`vwi
(M) †hŠ_g~jabx (N) mgevq
5. AwZ Avek¨Kxq †mev cÖ`vbKvix e¨emvq †KvbwU?
(K) GK gvwjKvbv (L) Askx`vwi
(M) †hŠ_g~jabx (N) ivóªxq
10. AwbwðZ Avqy¯‹vj: GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi ïiæ I cwimgvwß m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Gi gvwj‡Ki Dci wbf©i K‡i|
e¨emv‡qi gybvdv AR©b Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j I gvwj‡Ki cwiPvjbvi B”Qv _vK‡j GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq Pj‡Z
_v‡K|
DcwiD³ ˆewkó¨vewj we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq, GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq AZ¨šÍ mnR cÖK…wZi I RwUjZv gy³| Amxg `vq,
GKK SzuwKi g‡Zv wKQz †bwZevPK ˆewkó¨ _vKvi ciI GwU AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq e¨emvq msMVb|
mvims‡ÿc
GK gvwjKvbvq e¨emv‡q gvwjK I wbqš¿K GKRb gvÎ e¨w³|
c„w_exi cÖvq 80 kZvsk e¨emvq cÖwZôvb GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq|
c„w_ex‡Z e¨emv‡qi †MvovcËb N‡U GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi gva¨‡g|
GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq‡K cÖvPxbZg e¨emvq ejv nq|
Gi MVb I e¨e¯’vcbv AwZ mnR Ges AvBwb †Kv‡bv RwUjZv †bB|
G e¨emv‡qi gvwjK‡K mKj cÖKvi SuywK enb Ki‡Z nq Ges mgy`q gybvdv I †jvKmvb Zv‡KB †fvM Ki‡Z
nq|
KzwUi wkí, gyw`i †`vKvb, cvb wewoi †`vKvb, †UBjvwis, weDwU cvj©vi, Mv‡g©›Um KviLvbv, wdwjs †÷kb BZ¨vw`
GK gvwjKvbvq e¨emv‡qi cÖK…ó D`vniY|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-4.2
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b
1. c„w_ex‡Z GK gvwjKvbvq e¨emv‡qi Ae¯’vb Kx?
(K) 50 kZvsk (L) 60 kZvsk
(M) 70 kZvsk (N) 80 kZvsk
2. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ Kx?
(K) mnR MVb (L) ¯^í g~jab
(M) ¯^í ¯’vqx (N) Amxg `vq
3. GK gvwjKvbvq e¨emv‡qi ¯’vqxZ¡ wK‡mi Dci wbf©i K‡i?
(K) e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ (L) gvwj‡Ki B”Qv
(M) g~ja‡bi cwigvY (N) e¨emv‡qi AvKvi
4. GK gvwjKvbvq e¨emvq‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) cÖvPxb e¨emvq (L) AvaywbK e¨emvq
(M) ga¨hyMxq e¨emvq (N) mgmvgwqK e¨emvq
5. GK gvwjKvbvq e¨emv‡qi mv‡_ gvwj‡Ki m¤úK© Kx?
(K) c„_K mËvnxbZv (L) GKK mËvnxb
(M) mshy³ mËv (N) wehy³ mËv
3. ÿz`ª cwimi: AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq ÿy`ª AvKv‡ii n‡q _v‡K| g~ja‡bi l¦íZv I GKRb
e¨w³i gvwjKvi Rb¨ Gi AvqZb mvaviYZ †QvU n‡q _v‡K|
4. ¯’vwq‡Z¡i Afve: AvB‡bi †Pv‡L GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi c„_K †Kvb mËv †bB| GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi ¯’vwqZ¡
gvwj‡Ki B”Qvi Dci wbf©ikxj| KviY e¨emvq Pvjy ivLv ev eÜ Kiv gvwj‡Ki AvMÖ‡ni Dci wbf©i K‡i|
5. Amxg `vq: G RvZxq e¨emv‡qi m¤ú~Y© `vq-`vwqZ¡ gvwj‡Ki| d‡j Zvi `vq Amxg| d‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b e¨w³MZ
m¤úwË weµq K‡i e¨emv‡qi `vq cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq|
mvims‡ÿc
GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î e¨w³MZ D‡`¨vM, ¯^í g~jab, ¯^í kÖg, AvBwb RwUjZvgy³ I Kg SuywK wbwnZ
_vKvq, AwZ mn‡R G e¨emvq MVb Kiv hvq|
c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki gZ evsjv‡`‡kI GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi msL¨v Ab¨vb¨ e¨emv‡qi msL¨v †P‡q †ewk|
KviY Ab¨vb¨ e¨emvq msMVb MVb Ki‡Z n‡j A‡bK RwUjZv I AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb Ki‡Z nq|
GKK gvwjKvbvq e¨emvq cwiPvwjZ nq weavq Gi MVb I we‡jvc Ab¨vb¨ e¨emvq msMV‡bi †P‡q A‡bK mnR|
GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi we‡kl ˆewkó¨ I ¯^KxqZvi Rb¨ c„w_exi mKj †`‡k GwU GLb ch©šÍ `„pfv‡e wU‡K Av‡Q
Ges RbwcÖqZvi w`‡KI m‡e©v”P ch©v‡q Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-4.3
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b
1. e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡M e¨emvq ïiæ Kivi DËg msMVb n‡jv-
(K) GK gvwjKvbv (L) Askx`vwi
(M) †hŠ_g~jabx (N) ivóªxq
2. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨?
(K) Pzw³cÎ cÖYqb (L) Pzw³cÎ wbeÜb
(M) mnR MVb (N) †kqvi weµq
3. †h †Kv‡bv AeKvVv‡gv‡Z e¨emvq ¯’vcb Kiv hvq †KvbwU?
(K) †hŠ_g~jabx (L) Askx`vwi
(M) mgevq (N) GK gvwjKvbv
4. †Kvb e¨emvq †cŠi GjvKvq ïiæ Ki‡j †UªW jvB‡mÝ Riæwi?
(K) GK gvwjKvbv (L) Askx`vwi
(M) mgevq (N) †hŠ_g~jabx
5. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq MVb GZ mnR, KviY-
(i) AvBwb RwUjZvgy³;
(ii) ¯^í g~jab cÖ‡qvRb nq;
(iii) mxwgZ `vq|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii
(M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
8. cvi¯cwiK wek¦vm: Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi Pzw³ cvi¯cwiK Av¯’v I wek¦v‡mi Dci cÖwZwôZ nq Ges e¨emv‡qi
mdjZv Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
9. AvBbMZ mËv: Askx`vwi e¨emvq wbeÜb eva¨Zvg~jK bq| Z‡e wbewÜZ n‡j A‡bK myweav cvIqv hvq| wKš‘
Askx`vwi e¨emvq wbewÜZ n‡jI †Kv‡bv AvBbMZ mËv m„wó nq bv| ZvB †`bv-cvIbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ e¨emv‡qi
weiæ‡× gvgjv bv K‡i Askx`vi‡`i weiæ‡× gvgjv Kiv nq|
10. we‡jvcmvab: Askx`vi‡`i g‡a¨ Abv¯’v-Awek¦vm I we‡iva †`Lv w`‡j Askx`vwi e¨emvq we‡jvcmvab nq|
1. wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y wej¤^: G e¨emv‡qi wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î mKj Askx`v‡ii gZvgZ wb‡Z nq| G‡Z `ywU mgm¨v
nq-cÖ_gZt mevB‡K h_v mg‡q cvIqv hvq bv; wØZxqZt A‡bK mgq g‡ZiI Awgj nq| H me Kvi‡Y wm×všÍ MÖnY
wejw¤^Z nq|
3. ¯’vwq‡Z¡i AwbðqZv: Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi ¯’vwqZ¡ LyeB AwbwðZ| Askx`v‡ii g„Z¨, gw¯Í¯‹ weK„wZ, †`DwjqvZ¡,
cvi¯úwiK we‡iva ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb Kvi‡Y Askx`vwi e¨emvq †f‡O †h‡Z cv‡i|
4. cwiPvjbvq RwUjZv:Askx`vwi AvBb Abyhvqx mKj Askx`viB e¨emvq-cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| d‡j
†Kvb A‡hvM¨ Askx`vi Giƒc AwaKZi cÖ‡qv‡M GwM‡q Avm‡j e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq RwUjZv †`Lv †`q|
5. mxwgZ m`m¨ msL¨v: mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q m‡ev©”P m`m¨ msL¨v 20Rb I e¨vswKs Askx`vwi I e¨emv‡qi
m‡ev©”P m`m¨ msL¨v 10 R‡b mxgve×| †h Kvi‡Y e¨emv‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b bZzb †Kvb †hvM¨ Askx`vi MÖnY Kiv hvq bv
Ges Znwe‡ji Afv‡e e„n`vqZb e¨emv‡qi myweav jvf Kiv hvq bv|
6. Amr I A‡hvM¨ Askx`v‡ii Kv‡Ri `vqenb: cÖ‡Z¨K Askx`vi Ab¨ Askx`v‡ii cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
cvi¯úwiK GB cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq Amr I A‡hvM¨ Askx`vi‡`i Rvi `vq Ab¨ Askx`vi‡KI enb
Ki‡Z nq| G‡Z K‡i cÖwZôvb m¤ú‡K© Askx`vi‡`i g‡b weiƒc g‡bvfve m„wó nq|
7. gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍ‡i Amyweav:G e¨emv‡qi Askx`viMY Aev‡a gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Pzw³‡Z D‡jøL bv
_vK‡j ev Ab¨vb¨ Askx`vi‡`i gZvgZ bv wb‡q †Kvb Askx`vi Zvi gvwjKvbv B‡”Q m‡Ë¡I Aci Kv‡iv wbKU
n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
8. c„_K mËvi Afve:Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †Kvb AvBbMZ mËv †bB| KviY GUv AvB‡bi gva¨‡g m„wó nq bv|
Askx`v‡ii e¨w³MZ mËv Ges e¨emv‡qi mËv GK Ges Awfbœ| d‡j †Kvb SzuwKc~Y Kv‡Ri Rb¨ G e¨emvq
myweavRbK bq|
10.Amg gybvdv e›Ub: Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q g~jab wewb‡qvM bv K‡i †Kvb †Kvb e¨w³ Askx`vi n‡Z cv‡i Ges
gybvdvi Ask †fvM K‡i _v‡K| G‡Z cuywR wewb‡qvM Kvixiv AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡j|
mvims‡ÿc
BDwbU Pvi c„ôv 53
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq e¨emvq D‡`¨vM
GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi mxgve×Zv I Amyweavmg~n `~i Kivi j‡ÿB g~jZ: Askx`vwi e¨emvq M‡o I‡V|
G‡Ki AwaK e¨w³ gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Askx`vwi‡Z¡i wfwˇZ †h e¨emvq MVb Kiv hvq, Zv‡K Askx`vwi
e¨emvq e‡j|
1932 mv‡ji Askx`vwi AvBb †gvZv‡eK Askx`vwi e¨emvq MwVZ, cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq|
1932 mv‡ji Askx`vwi AvB‡bi 4 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, mK‡ji Øviv ev mK‡ji c‡ÿ GKR‡bi Øviv
cwiPvwjZ e¨emv‡qi gybvdv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ e›U‡bi wbwg‡Ë GKvwaK e¨w³i g‡a¨ †h Pzw³e× m¤c‡K©i m„wó
K‡i Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Askx`vi Ges mw¤§wjZfv‡e Zv‡`i e¨emvq‡K Askx`vwi e¨emvq ejv nq|
Pzw³ n‡jv Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi g~j wfwË|
Askx`vwi Pzw³ †gŠwLK, wjwLZ, wbewÜZ I AwbewÜZ n‡Z cv‡i|
Pzw³ Abyhvqx jvf †jvKmvb Askx`vi‡`i g‡a¨ eÈb n‡e|
Pzw³‡Z D‡jøL bv _vK‡j jvf †jvKmvb mgfv‡e eÈb n‡e|
Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi `vq cÖ‡Z¨K Askx`vi e¨w³MZfv‡e I mgwóMZfv‡e `vqx _v‡K|
Askx`vi‡`i g‡a¨ Abv¯’v-Awek¦vm I we‡iva †`Lv w`‡j Askx`vwi e¨emvq we‡jvcmvab nq|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-4.4
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b
1. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y †Kvb e¨emv‡qi m„wó nq?
(K) mgevq (L) Askx`vwi
(M) †hŠ_g~jabx (N) ivóªxq
2. mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v KZRb?
(K) 10 (L) 20
(M) 30 (N) 40
3. e¨vswKs Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v KZRb?
(K) 10 (L) 20
(M) 30 (N) 40
4. KZ mv‡ji AvBb Øviv Askx`vwi e¨emvq cwiPvwjZ nq?
(K) 1890 (L) 1932
(M) 1991 (N) 2001
5. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q cwiPvjbvq wbhy³ e¨w³i msL¨v KqRb?
(K) 1 (L) 2
(M) 3 (N) 4
Askx`vwi e¨emvq
wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi wewfbœ cÖKvi‡f` wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
Askx`v‡ii cÖKvi‡f`
hw`I AvBb Abymv‡i Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi mKj Askx`v‡ii ghv©`v mgvb Z‡e e¨emv‡qi wewfbœ ai‡bi Ae¯’v,
my‡hvM-myweav I `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ we‡ePbv K‡i cQ›`gZ Askx`vi n‡Z cv‡ib| wewfbœ cÖKvi Askx`v‡ii aviYv I
ˆewkó¨ D‡jøL Kiv nj-
wewfbœ cÖKvi Askx`vi aviYv I ˆewkó¨
mvaviY ev mwµq Askx`vi †h e¨emv‡q Askx`viMY e¨emv‡q g~jab wewb‡qvM Ges mwµqfv‡e e¨emvq
(Ordinary/Active cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY K‡i, hv‡`i `vq Amxg, Askx`viMY Pzw³ Abyhvqx jvf ev
Partner) ÿwZi Ask cvq Ges Pzw³‡Z D‡jøL _vK‡j e¨emvq cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cvwikÖwgK cvq
Zv‡`i‡K mvaviY ev mwµq Askx`vi e‡j|
NygšÍ I wb®Œxq Askx`vi †h Askx`viMY e¨emv‡q g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i Pzw³ Abyhvqx jv‡fi Ask cvq wKš‘
(Sleeping Partner) AwaKvi _vKv m‡Ë¡I mwµqfv‡e e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY K‡i bv, hv‡`i `vq
mmxg Ges e¨emv‡qi †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Z…Zxq c‡ÿi wbKU `vqe`e× bq Zv‡K
NygšÍ I wb®Œxq Askx`vi e‡j|
bvggvÎ Askx`vi †h Askx`viMY e¨emv‡q g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i bv, e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY
(Nominal Partner) K‡i bv wKš‘ Pzw³ Abyhvqx jv‡fi Ask ev wbw`©ó A‡_©i wewbg‡q wb‡Ri mybvg
e¨env‡ii AbygwZ †`q Zv‡`i‡K bvggvÎ Askx`vi e‡j| G RvZxq Askx`vi‡`i
`vq mvaviY Askx`vi‡`i gZ Amxg bq Z‡e †Kvb Z…Zxq cÿ hw` Zv‡K Askx`vi
g‡b K‡i FY †`q Ges Zv cÖgvY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j †m F‡Yi Rb¨ mvaviY
Askx`v‡ii b¨vq `vqe× _v‡Kb|
AvcvZ`„wó‡Z Askx`vi †h Askx`viMY e¨emvq †_‡K Aemi MÖnY Kivi ciI g~jab D‡Ëvjb bv K‡i Zv
(Quasi Partner) FY wn‡m‡e e¨emv‡q Rgv iv‡Lb Ges e¨emvq †_‡K gybvdvi cwie‡Z© my` MÖnY
K‡ib Zv‡`i‡K AvcvZ`„wó‡Z Askx`vi e‡j| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ G RvZxq e¨vw³MY
e¨emv‡qi cvIbv`vi| Z‡e †Kvb mvaviY ev mwµq Askx`vi e¨emvq †_‡K Aemi
MÖnY Kivi msev` MY weÁwß w`‡q bv Rvwb‡q e¨emv‡q †_‡K ‡M‡j e¨emv‡qi †Kvb
Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Z…Zxq c†ÿi wbKU `vqx n‡eb|
mxwgZ Askx`vi Pzw³ Abyhvqx †Kvb Askx`v‡ii `vq mxgve× n‡j ev AvBb Abyhvqx mKj Askx`v‡ii
(Limited Partner) m¤§wZ‡Z †Kvb bvevjK‡K myweav cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Askx`vi Kiv n‡j Zv‡K mxwgZ
Askx`vi ejv nq| mxwgZ Askx`vi‡`i `vq e¨emv‡q wb‡qwRZ g~ja‡bi cwigvY
Øviv mxgve×| Zviv e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY K‡i bv| Pzw³ Abyhvqx ‡Kvb
mvevjK e¨w³I Giƒc Askx`vi n‡Z cv‡i|
AvPi‡Y AbywgZ Askx`vi †Kvb e¨w³ hw` e¨emv‡qi Askx`vi bv n‡qI †gŠwLK K_vevZv©, †jLv ev Ab¨ †Kvb
(Partner by holding AvPi‡Yi Øviv wb‡R‡K e¨emv‡qi Askx`vi wn‡m‡e cwiPq †`b, Z‡e AvPi‡Y
out) AbywgZ Askx`vi ejv nq| hw` †KD Zvi AvPi‡Y cÖfvweZ n‡q FY †`q ev Pzw³
K‡i Zvn‡j †m Askx`vi `vqx _vK‡e|
†eZb‡fvMx Askx`vi †m mKj Askx`vi hviv gybvdvi Ask cvIqv QvovI e¨emvq cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
(Salaried Partner) wbw`©ónv‡i A_© †c‡q _v‡Kb Zviv n‡”Qb ‡eZb‡fvMx Askx`vi|
bvevjK Askx`vi Askx`vwi AvB‡bi 30 (1) aviv Abyhvqx ‡Kvb bvevjK Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi m`m¨
(Minor Partner) n‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e mKj Askx`v‡ii m¤§wZµ‡g †Kvb bvevjK‡K e¨emv‡qi
gybvvdvi Ask †`Iqv hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki AvB‡b 18 eQ‡ii Kg e¨w³‡`i‡K bvevjK
eySvq|
mvims‡ÿc
Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †gqv` wbw`©ó jÿ I `vq cÖf„wZi Dci wfwË K‡i Askx`vwi e¨emvq wewfbœ iKg n‡q
_v‡K|
Askx`vwi e¨emvq ej‡Z mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emvq‡KB †evSv‡bv nq|
mK‡ji c‡ÿ GKR‡bi Øviv cwiPvwjZ e¨emv‡qi gybvdv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ e›U‡bi wbwg‡Ë GKvwaK e¨w³
Amxg `vq en‡bi k‡Z© Pzw³e× n‡q †h e¨emvq MVb K‡i Zv‡K mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j|
†Kv‡bv Askx`vwi Pzw³cÎ Askx`viiv e¨emv‡qi ¯’vwqZ¡ Kvj I †gqv‡`i mxgvbv wba©viY bv Ki‡j Zv‡K
Hw”QK Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j|
Askx`vwi e¨emvq hLb wbw`©ó †gqv` ev wbw`©ó jÿ AR©‡bi Rb¨ MwVZ nq Zv‡K wbw`©ó Askx`vwi e¨emvq
e‡j|
†h Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi mKj Askx`v‡ii `vq Amxg bv _v‡K ev GK ev GKvwaK Askx`v‡ii `vq mxgve×
_v‡K, Zv‡K mxgve× Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-4.5
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b
1. Pzw³c‡Î e¨emv‡qi †gqv` D‡jøL Kiv nq bv Ggb Askx`vwi e¨emvq n‡jv-
(K) wbw`©ó Askx`vwi (L) Hw”QK Askx`vwi
(M) mxwgZ `vq Askx`vwi (N) Amxg `vq Askx`vwi|
2. wbw`©ó Askx`vwi e¨emvq KZ ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K?
(K) `yB (L) wZb
(M) Pvi (N) cuvP
3. †gŠmygx c‡Y¨i e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ MwVZ Askx`vwi wb‡Pi †Kvb †kÖwYfz³?
(K) mxwgZ `vq Askx`vwi (L) mvgwqK Askx`vwi
(M) wbw`©ó Askx`vwi (N) Hw”QK Askx`vwi
4. GKwU weªR wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ MwVZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) Hw”QK Askx`vwi (L) wVKv`vwi Askx`vwi
(M) wbw`©ó †gqvw` Askx`vwi (N) wbw`©ó jÿ¨‡Kw›`ªK Askx`vwi
Pzw³c‡Îi welqe¯‘
Pzw³c·K Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi w`K wb‡`©kK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| fwel¨‡Z Askx`vi‡`i g‡a¨ hv‡Z †Kv‡bv
we‡f` ev gZ we‡iva m„wó bv nq Ges e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq ‡Kv‡b RwUjZv bv N‡U †mRb¨ Pzw³c‡Î wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
welq D‡jøL _v‡K| mvaviYZ Pzw³c‡Î wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv D‡jøL _v‡Kt
1. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi bvg I wVKvbv
2. e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ, D‡Ïk¨ I AvIZv
3. e¨emv‡qi Kvh©Kvj ev ¯’vwqZ¡
4. Askx`vi‡`i bvg, wVKvbv I †ckv
5. e¨emv‡qi †gvU g~ja‡bi cwigvY
6. cÖ‡Z¨K Askx`vi‡`i cÖ`Ë g~ja‡bi cwigvY I cwi‡kva c×wZ
7. e¨emvq cwiPvjbvi wbqgvewj
8. ‡h mKj Askx`vi cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb Zv‡`i cwiwPwZ
9. e¨emv‡q jvf-†jvKmvb e›Ub c×wZ
10. Askx`vi‡`i `vwqZ¡, ÿgZv I AwaKvi
11. e¨emv‡qi Avw_©K eQi ïiæ I †kl mgq
12. †h e¨vs‡K wnmve †Lvjv n‡e Zvi bvg, wVKvbv I wnmv‡ei aib|
13. e¨vs‡Ki wnmve cwiPvjbvKvix e¨w³M‡bi bvg
14. byZb Askx`vi MÖnY I cyivZb Askx`v‡ii we`v‡qi wbqgvejx
15. e¨emvq cÖ‡qvR‡b Ab¨Î n‡Z FY MÖnY c×wZ
16. Askx`v‡ii g„Zy¨‡Z Zvi Ask wbav©iY, msiÿY I cwi‡kva c×wZ
17. Askx`vi‡`i AemiMÖnY I ewn®‹v‡ii c×wZ
18. fwel¨Z we‡iva ‡`Lv w`‡j Zvi gxgvsmv c×wZ
19. we‡jvc mva‡bi c×wZ
20. Pzw³c‡Îi evB‡i Askx`vi‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb we‡iva †`Lv w`‡j wb®úwË c×wZ
†Zvgvi GjvKvq wZb eÜz wg‡j GKwU gyiwMi dvg© e¨emvq ïiæ Ki‡e G g‡g©
A¨vKwUwfwU (wb‡R Kwi) KvíwbK Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ GKwU Askx`vwi Pzw³cÎ ˆZwi Ki|
/wkÿv_©xi KvR
mvims‡ÿc
Askx`vwi Pzw³cÎ n‡jv GKvwaK e¨w³i g‡a¨ m¤cvw`Z Askx`vwi welqK m¤§wZi `wjj|
fwel¨‡Z Askx`vi‡`i g‡a¨ hv‡Z †Kv‡bv we‡f` ev gZwe‡iva ev †Kv‡bv RwUjZv bv N‡U, †mRb¨ Pzw³c‡Î
wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq D‡jøL _v‡K|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-4.6
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b
1. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi MVbZš¿ n‡jv-
(K) mnR MVb cÖYvjx (L) cvi¯úvwiK wek¦vm
(M) Pzw³cÎ (N) ¯§viKwjwc
2. Pzw³i AeZ©gv‡b Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi g‡a¨ gybvdv ew›UZ nq-
(K) g~ja‡bi Abycv‡Z (L) mgnv‡i
(M) Amgnv‡i (N) m¤ú‡`i Abybx‡Z
3. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q Pzw³cÎ bv _vK‡j e„w× cvq-
(K) K‡ii cwigvY (L) gybvdv
(M) we‡iva (N) `vq
4. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q Pzw³c‡Îi cÖavb welqe¯‘ n‡jv-
(i) mvaviY welq;
(ii) e¨emvq cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ welq;
(iii) gybvdv I wnmve msµvšÍ welq|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii
(M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
Askx`vwi e¨emvq MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î mywbw`©ó AvBbMZ eva¨evaKZv bv _vKvq e¨w³ ev ¯’vb‡f‡` Gi MVb cÖYvjx‡Z
cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq|
iwng I Zvi `k eÜz wg‡j GKwU Mv‡g©›Um KviLvbv ¯’vcb Ki‡Z Pvq| D³
A¨vKwUwfwU (wb‡R Kwi) e¨emvqwU Dc‡i Av‡jvwPZ cv‡Vi Av‡jv‡K wKfv‡e MVb Kiv hv‡e Zv eY©bv Kiæb|
/wkÿv_©xi KvR
mvims‡ÿc
Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi wbeÜb ej‡Z miKvi KZ©…K wbhy³ wbeÜb Awd‡m cÖwZôv‡bi bvg ZvwjKvfz³ Kiv‡K
†evSvq|
Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î wbeÜb eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv nqwb| Z‡e wbewÜZ e¨emvq AwbewÜZ e¨emvq A‡cÿv
A‡bK †ewk myweav †c‡q _v‡K|
wbewÜZ Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †h †Kv‡bv Askx`vi Aci Askx`vi ev cÖwZôv‡bi weiæ‡× Pzw³ n‡Z D™¢‚Z
AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv AwbewÜZ e¨emvq cÖwZôvb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
Askx`vwi e¨emvq wbewÜZ n‡j Z…Zxq c‡ÿi weiæ‡× cvIbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
100 UvKvi AwaK cvIbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ cvëv AwbewÜZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq cÖwZôvb Z…Zxq c‡ÿi weiæ‡×
gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
Askx`vwi e¨emvq wbe܇bi Rb¨ Av‡e`bc‡Îi mv‡_ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMRcÎ Rgv †`qvi ci wbeÜK Zv
cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i wbeÜb eB‡Z ZvwjKvfzw³ I bw_fz³ K‡ib|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-4.7
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b
1. Askx`vwi e¨emvq cÖwZôvb wbeÜb Kiv nq †Kvb Awd‡m?
(K) wbe܇Ki Awdm (L) wefvMxq Kwgkbv‡ii Awdm
(M) †WcywU Kwgkbv‡ii Awdm (N) wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb
(K) wbw`©ó †gqv‡`i Rb¨ e¨emvq MwVZ n‡q _vK‡j Ges D³ mgq DËxY© n‡j;
(L) c~e© wba©vwiZ e¨emv‡qi D‡Ïk¨ c~iY n‡q †M‡j;
(M) †Kv‡bv Askx`v‡ii g„Zy¨ n‡j;
(N) †Kv‡bv Askx`vi †`Dwjqv e‡j †NvwlZ n‡j|
4. weÁwßi Øviv we‡jvcmvab: Askx`vwi AvB‡bi 43 aviv Abymv‡i B”Qvaxb Askx`vwii †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv Askx`vi
Ab¨vb¨ mKj Askx`vi‡K wjwLZ weÁwßi Øviv e¨emv‡qi we‡jv‡ci B”Qv cÖKvk Ki‡j Giƒc e¨emv‡qi we‡jvcmvab
NU‡e|
5. Av`vjZ KZ©…K we‡jvcmvab: Av`vj‡Z e¨emvq ev Askx`v‡ii wel‡q †Kv‡bv gvgjv Kiv n‡j ev e¨emvq f‡½i
Av‡e`b Ki‡j Askx`vwi AvB‡bi 44 aviv Abymv‡i wb‡”i †h †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y Av`vj‡Z e¨emvq f‡½i wb‡`©k w`‡Z
cv‡i:
(K) †Kv‡bv Askx`v‡ii gw¯Í®‹ weK…wZ NU‡j;
(L) †Kv‡bv Askx`vi KZ©e¨ cvj‡b wPiZ‡i Amvg_¨© we‡ewPZ n‡j;
(M) †Kv‡bv Askx`v‡ii Am`vPiY Øviv e¨emvq ÿwZmvab n‡e e‡j g‡b n‡j;
(N) †Kv‡bv Askx`vi B”QvK…Zfv‡e Pzw³ kZ© f½ Ki‡j;
(O) †Kv‡bv Askx`vi e¨emv‡qi Zuvi c~Y© Ask Z…Zxq c‡ÿi wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡j|
Dc‡i DwjøwLZ KviY¸‡jv QvovI Av`vjZ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv hyw³hy³ I b¨vqm½Z Kvi‡Y Askx`vwi e¨emvq
we‡jvcmva‡bi Av‡`k w`‡Z cv‡i|
nvbœvb, gvbœvb I Av`bvb mgcwigvY g~jab w`‡q GKwU Askx`vwi e¨emvq M‡o
A¨vKwUwfwU (wb‡R Kwi) †Zv‡j| cvwievwiK †`bvi Rb¨ Av`bvb Av`vjZ KZ…©K †`Dwjqv †NvwlZ nIqvq
/wkÿv_©xi KvR e¨emvqwUi Aemvqb N‡U| wKš‘ cvwievwiK `vq cwi‡kv‡a ïay nvbœv‡bi e¨w³MZ
m¤úwË †µvK Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î nvbœvb †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi Ges wKfv‡e
e¨emvqwU we‡jvcmvab NU‡e Zv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
mvims‡ÿc
Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi we‡jvcmvab ej‡Z e¨emv‡qi welq-m¤cwË I †`bv cvIbvi mvwe©K wb®cwˇK †evSvq|
Askx`vwi e¨emvq Pzw³ Abymv‡i, eva¨Zvg~jK, we‡kl NUbv mv‡c‡ÿ, weÁwß Øviv, Av`vjZ KZ…©K
we‡jvcmvab n‡Z cv‡i|
Askx`vwi AvB‡bi 40 aviv Abymv‡i mKj Askx`v‡ii m¤§wZµ‡g ev Askx`vi‡`i ga¨Kvi m¤cvw`Z Pzw³
Abymv‡i G e¨emvq we‡jvcmvab NU‡Z cv‡i|
Askx`vwi AvB‡bi 41 aviv Abymv‡i mKj Askx`vi ev GKRb e¨wZZ mKj Askx`vi †`Dwjqv †NvwlZ n‡j;
ev †Kv‡bv NUbv Øviv Askx`vwi e¨emvq cwiPvjbv A‰ea n‡q co‡j|
Askx`vwi AvB‡bi 42 avivq we‡kl NUbv mv‡ÿ‡c Askx`vwi e¨emvq we‡jvc NU‡Z cv‡i|
Askx`vwi AvB‡bi 43 aviv Abymv‡i B”Qvaxb Askx`vwii †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv Askx`vi Ab¨vb¨ mKj Askx`vi‡K
wjwLZ weÁwßi Øviv e¨emv‡qi we‡jv‡ci B”Qv cÖKvk Ki‡j Giƒc e¨emv‡qi we‡jvcmvab NU‡e|
Av`vj‡Z e¨emvq ev Askx`v‡ii wel‡q †Kv‡bv gvgjv Kiv n‡j ev e¨emvq f‡½i Av‡e`b Ki‡j Askx`vwi
AvB‡bi 44 aviv Abymv‡i Zv we‡jvcmvab n‡Z cv‡i|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-4.8
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b
Dc‡i Av‡jvwPZ ˆewk󨸇jvi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b †hŠ_g~jabx e¨emvq‡K Òe¨emvqx RM‡Zi KvÛvwiÓ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv
Kiv nq|
4. GK‡PwUqv e¨emvq m„wó: e„n`vqZb cÖK…wZ‡Z G ai‡bi e¨emvq M‡o IVvq Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq GK‡PwUqv e¨emvq
m„wói cÖeYZv jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| G‡Z e¨emv‡qi ¯^vfvweK Dbœq‡bi c_ eÜ nq Ges mgvR ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq|
5. ¯^RbcÖxwZ: †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjKMY †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvwi wb‡qvM, c‡`vbœwZ, c`Pz¨wZ BZ¨vw` e¨vcv‡i A‡bK mgq
†hvM¨Zvi †P‡q A‡hvM¨Zv ev ¯^RbcÖxwZi DciB †ewk ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq|
6. cwiPvjbv e¨‡qi AvwaK¨: G e¨emv‡q wewfbœ mfv Abyôvb, Abyôvbvw` cvjb, `wjj I LvZvcÎ msiÿY, wnmve
wbixÿv, †kqvi I FY Bmy¨ BZ¨vw`| wewfbœ Kv‡R h‡_ó Dcwi LiP nq| d‡j A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB gybvdvi cwigvY n«vm
cvq|
7. †K›`ªxf~Z ÿgZv: †Kv¤úvwb msMVb MYZvwš¿K bxwZi wfwˇZ cwiPvwjZ n‡jI ev¯Í‡e Gi g~j ÿgZv K‡qK
e¨w³i nv‡ZB mxgveÜ _v‡K| d‡j cwiPvjK‡`i ¯^v‡_©I Kv‡Q mvaviY †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i ¯^v_© D‡cwÿZ nq|
8. mxwgZ Kvh©‡ÿÎ: G †Kv¤úvwb ¯§viK wjwc‡Z D‡jøL †bB Ggb †Kvb KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Gi
Kg©cwiwa wbw`ó Mwfi g‡a¨ mxgve× n‡q c‡o|
9. wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y wej¤^: G msMV‡b e¨emvq msµvšÍ wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î eû AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb Ki‡Z nq e‡j
wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y wej¤^ N‡U|
10. †MvcbxqZvi Afve: AvBb Abyhvqx G msMV‡bi wnmve cÎ I wbixÿv wi‡cvU©, evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`bmn eû `wjjcÎ
I weeiY †kqvi †nvìvi, †Kv¤úvwbi wbeÜK‡K Rbmg‡ÿ †ck Ki‡Z nq| G‡Z e¨emv‡qi †MvcbxqZv n«vm cvq|
mvims‡ÿc
1994 mv‡j †Kv¤úvwb AvBb Øviv G e¨emvq cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq|
AvBb m„ó nIqvq G e¨emvq msMVb MVb Kiv †ek RwUj|
G e¨emvq †Kv‡bv e¨w³ bv n‡qI AvBbMZfv‡e e¨w³i gh©v`v jvf K‡i|
†Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi gvwjK‡`i `vq mxgve× _v‡K|
†Kv¤cvwb K…wÎg e¨w³mËv nIqvi d‡j Zvi wbR bv‡g wmj‡gvni _v‡K|
†Kv¤cvwbi †gvU g~jab‡K ÿz`ª ÿz`ª mgvb As‡k fvM Kiv nq, G‡K †kqvi e‡j|
†kqvi gvwjK Zvi wbR As‡ki †kqvi Ab¨ c‡ÿi Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
†Kv¤cvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v AvBb Øviv wbw`©ó _v‡K|
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤cvwbi me©wbgœ 2 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P 50 Rb m`‡m¨i g‡a¨ mxgve×|
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤cvwbi †ÿ‡Î me©wbgœ 7 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P ¯§viKwjwc‡Z ewY©Z †kqvi msL¨v Øviv
mxgve× _v‡K|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-4.9
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b
1. AvB‡bi Øviv m„ó e¨emvq n‡jv-
(K) Askx`vwi (L) †hŠ_g~jabx
(M) GK gvwjKvbv (N) AvBb e¨emvq
2. wPišÍb Aw¯ÍZ¡m¤úbœ e¨emvq n‡jv-
(K) mgevh mwgwZ (L) ivóªxq e¨emvq
(M) †hŠ_g~jabx (N) GK gvwjKvbv
3. mn‡RB gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hvq †Kvb e¨emvq?
(K) †hŠ_g~jabx (L) ivóªxq
(M) Askx`vwi (N) GK gvwjKvbv
4. me©cÖ_g †Kvb mv‡j †hŠ_g~jabx †Kv¤úvwb AvBb cÖYqb Kiv nq?
(K) 1757 (L) 1882
(M) 1913 (N) 1994
5. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi me©wb¤œ m`m¨ msL¨v n‡jv-
(K) 2 Rb (L) 3 Rb
(M) 5 Rb (N) 7 Rb
6. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi me©wb¤œ m`m¨ msL¨v n‡jv-
(K) 2 Rb (L) 7 Rb
(M) 9 Rb (N) 11 Rb
7. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v n‡jv-
(K) cÂvk Rb (L) GKvbœ Rb
(M) GKkZ Rb (N) ¯§viKwjwc‡Z ewY©Z †kqvi msL¨v Øviv mxgve×
cvV-4.10 †hŠ_ g~jabx e¨emv‡qi MVb cÖYvjx, cÖKvi‡f` I cvewjK I cÖvB‡fU wjt †Kv¤úvwbi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
• †hŠ_g~jabx e¨emv‡qi MVb cÖYvjx e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• †hŠ_g~jabx e¨emv‡qi cÖKvi‡f` ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
• cvewjK I cÖvD‡fU wjt †Kv¤úvwbi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
(K) †kqvi Øviv mxgve× †Kv¤cvwb: GB ai‡bi †Kv¤cvwbi `vq Zvi †kqvi g~‡j¨i AwZwi³ †Kv‡bv `vq enb Ki‡Z
nq bv| Avevi Giƒc †Kv¤cvwb‡K wb‡¤œv³fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v:
(i) cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤cvwb: G ai‡bi †Kv¤cvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v me©wbgœ 7 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v †kqvi
Øviv mxgve× _v‡K| G ai‡bi cÖwZôvb RbM‡Yi wbKU †kqvi wewµ K‡i g~jab msMÖn K‡i| Gi gvwjKvbv Aev‡a
n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨|
(ii) cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤cvwb: G ai‡bi †Kv¤cvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v me©wbgœ 2 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P 50 Rb| G cÖwZôvb
RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ †kqvi wewµ Ges gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
(iii) miKvwi †Kv¤cvwb: †h me †Kv¤cvwbi Av`vqK…Z g~ja‡bi Kgc‡ÿ 51% gvwjKvbv miKv‡ii nv‡Z _v‡K
†m¸‡jv‡K miKvwi †Kv¤cvwb ejv nq|
(iv) †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb: hw` †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi kZKiv 50% fv‡Mi †ewk †kqv‡ii gvwjK nq
ev †gvU †fvU`vb ÿgZvi kZKiv 50 fv‡Mi AwZwi³ †fvU`vb ÿgZv †fvM K‡i A_ev cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e
AwaKvsk cwiPvjK wb‡qvM Kivi ÿgZvi AwaKvix nq, Z‡e H †Kv¤úvwb‡K †nvwìs ev wbqš¿YKvix †Kv¤úvwb e‡j|
(v) mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb: †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi 2 (2) aviv †gvZv‡eK, †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi 50% Gi †ewk †kqvi ev
†fvU`v‡bi ÿgZv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b _vK‡j ev msL¨vMwiô cwiPvjK wb‡qv‡Mi cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿ ÿgZv
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b _vK‡j Zv‡K mvewmwWqvwi ev Aaxb¯’ †Kv¤úvwb e‡j|
(L) cÖwZkÖæwZ Øviv mxgve× †Kv¤cvwb: G ai‡bi †Kv¤cvwbi †kqvi gvwjKiv wb‡R‡`i †kqv‡ii g~‡j¨i AwZwi³
cwigvb A_© †Kv¤cvwb wejywßi mgq cwi‡kva Kivi cÖwZkÖæwZ cÖ`vb K‡ib|
(M) Amxg `vqe× †Kv¤cvwb: †h †Kv¤cvwbi †kqvi gvwjK‡`i `vq mxgvnxb Zv‡K Amxg `vqe× †Kv¤cvwb e‡j|
mvaviYZ G ai‡bi †Kv¤cvwb †`Lv hvq bv|
mvims‡ÿc
†hŠ_ g~jabx e¨emvq ev †Kv¤cvwb msMVb n‡jv AvBb m„ó e¨emvq msMVb; hv MwVZ nq GKwU avivevwnK
ch©v‡qi ga¨ w`‡q|
1994 mv‡ji †Kv¤úvwbi AvBb Abyhvqx G e¨emvq msMVb m„ó nq|
Gi MVb cÖYvjx‡Z †h mKj ch©vq AwZµg Ki‡Z nq, Zv n‡jv: D‡`¨vM MÖnY, `wjjcÎ cÖYqb, wbeÜbcÎ
msMÖn Ges Kvh©vi¤¢|
D‡`¨vM MÖnY ej‡Z †Kv¤cvwbi MV‡bi Rb¨ D‡`¨v³vM‡Yi AbymÜvb, hvPvB I msMwVZ nIqv‡K †evSvq|
`wjjcÎ cÖYqb ch©v‡q †Kv¤cvwbi cwiPvjKMY me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `yÕwU `wjj cÖYqb K‡ib|
cÖ_gwU ¯§viKwjwc Ges wØZxqwU msNwewa|
¯§viKwjwc †Kv¤cvwbi cÖavb `wjj hv‡Z †Kv¤cvwbi bvg, wVKvbv, D‡Ïk¨, †gvU g~jab BZ¨vw` D‡jøL _v‡K|
Avi msNwewa‡Z †Kv¤cvwb cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wbqg-wewa †jLv _v‡K|
wbeÜb ch©v‡q †Kv¤cvwb wbe܇Ki Awdm n‡Z wbw`©ó wd w`‡q dig msMÖn K‡i Zv c~iYc~e©K cÖ‡qvRbxq
KvMRcÎ I `wjj mshy³ K‡i wbe܇Ki wbKU Rgv †`qv nq|
Av‡e`bcÎ I `wjj hvPvB, cixÿv-wbixÿvi ci wbeÜK †Kv¤cvwbi bvg ZvwjKvfz³ K‡ib|
Kvh©vi¤¢ ch©v‡q cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ QvovB KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡K Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ msMÖn K‡i KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z nq|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-4.10
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b
1. †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi cÖ_g KvRwU K‡ib?
(K) cÖeZ©KMY (L) †kqvi‡nvìvim
(M) cwiPvjKMY (N) PvUvW© GKvD‡U›U
2. †Kv¤úvwbi MVbZš¿ n‡jv-
(K) weeiYcÎ (L) ¯§viKwjwc
(M) msNwewa (N) wbeÜbcÎ
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
1. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b:
Kwig GKRb Mvwoi †gKvwbK| ivRkvnx‡Z Zvi GKwU Mvwo †givg‡Zi KviLvbv Av‡Q| Qq Rb Kg©Pvwi wb‡q
†m KviLvbvwU Pvjvq| Zvi KvR I e¨env‡i MÖvnKiv mš‘ó, d‡j A‡bK `~i`~ivšÍ n‡Z gvwjKiv Mvwo †givgZ
Av‡m| †m e¸ovq Av‡iv GKwU kvLv Ly‡j GKRb g¨v‡bRvi w`‡q Pvjvq| wKš‘ bZzb kvLvwU ivRkvnx kvLvi
g‡Zv mdjZv cv‡”Q bv|
(K) Amxg `vq Kx?
(L) GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
(M) DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Kwi‡gi Mvwo †givgZ KviLvbvi bZzb kvLv †Lvjvi D‡Ïk¨ Kx wQj? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
(N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Kwi‡gi Mvwo †givgZ KviLvbvi e¸ov kvLvq mdjZv bv cvIqvi g~j KviY we‡kølY
Kiæb|
2. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b:
wg. evBib GKRb PvU©vW© GKvD‡›UU| wZwb Zuvi eÜz Kwigmn Av‡iv 18 Rb eÜz wg‡j GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o
†Zv‡jb| wg. evBib e‡jb, wZwb e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq Ask wb‡Z cvi‡eb bv Ges wewb‡qv‡Mi AwZwi³ `vq MÖnY
Ki‡eb bv| Z‡e eQi †k‡l cÖwZôv‡bi wnmve wbixÿv KvRwU Ki‡eb| me©m¤§wZµ‡g wg. Kwig‡K cÖwZôvb
cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq| ciewZ©‡Z GKRb cÖfvekvjx †`bv`vi 50,000 UvKv bv †`qvq wg. Kwig Zv Av`v‡q
mg_© nb|
(K) Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kx?
(L) ÔAskx`vi‡`i Amxg `vqÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
(M) DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vwi msMVb? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
(N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wg. Kwig Kx Kvi‡Y cvIbv UvKv Av`v‡q mdj n‡qwQ‡jb? we‡kølY Kiæb|
3. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co–b Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b:
2000 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L wg. myRb I Zuvi wZb eÜz mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKwU e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib| D³ e¨emv‡q
Zuv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wewb‡qvM 50,000 UvKv| cÖ_g eQi †k‡l e¨emv‡qi gybvdv m‡šÍvlRbK bv nIqvq, Zuviv ¯^bvgab¨
e¨emvqx wg. gwRei‡K e¨emv‡qi Askx`vi K‡ib| wg. gwRei e¨emv‡q †Kv‡bv g~jab mieivn K‡ib bv Ges
cwiPvjbvqI Ask †bb bv| wKš‘ Zvic‡iI cuvP eQi cÖwZôvbwU jvMvZvi †jvKmvb w`‡Z _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b Zuviv
cÖwZôvbwUi we‡jvcmva‡bi K_v wPšÍv Ki‡Qb|
BDwbU Pvi c„ôv 73
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq e¨emvq D‡`¨vM
DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.1 : 1. N 2. K 3. M 4. N 5. N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.2 : 1. N 2. N 3. L 4. K 5. K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.3 : 1. K 2. M 3. N 4. K 5. K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.4 : 1. L 2. L 3. K 4. L 5. K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.5 : 1. L 2. K 3. M 4. N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.6 : 1. K 2. L 3. M 4. N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.7 : 1. K 2. L 3. M 4. M 5. N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.8 : 1. M 2. K 3. N 4. K 5. M 6. L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.9 : 1. L 2. M 3. K 4. L 5. K 6. L 7. N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.10 : 1. K 2. L 3. M 4. N 5. N