CHAPTER 1

SOLUTION (1.1)

(a) RAy 7.5 kN

1m Entire Structure
RAx
A C D M A = 0: 75
. (1) + 3(1) = 15
. RBx
1.5 m or RBx = 7 kN
RBx
B
3 kN
F x = 0: RAx = −7 kN
RBy = 0 F y = 0: R Ay = 10 .5 kN
(b)
7.5 kN Member AD

7 kN
1m 1m Cx
M A = 0: Cy (2) = 75
. (1);
A C C y = 3.75 kN
Ay Cy F y = 0: Ay = 7.5 − 3.75 = 3.75 kN
F x = 0: C x = 7 kN
(c)
5/6 Segment AE
10/3
5/3 10/3
M  F = 0: P = 7 kN
x

7 kN
A E P
 F = 0: V = 3.75 − −
y
5
6
10
3 = 0.417 kN
3.75 kN 1/3
1/2 1/2
V
 M = 0: M = 375
E . (1) − ( 23 ) − 103 ( 12 )
5
6

= 1.528 kN  m
SOLUTION (1.2)
Refer to Fig. P1.2: M A = 0: RB = 23 pa
(a)
p
M 0 = 0: M = 23 pax − 12 px 2 (a)
Thus
M B
V 0 = 0: 23 pa − px = 0;
dM
dx x = 23 a
x 2
pa
3
Equation (a), for x = 23 a; M max = 2
9 pa 2
( b ) Equation (a), for x = 3
2 a:
M = 23 pa( 23 a ) − 12 p( 23 a )2 = − 18 pa 2 = 18 pa 2
Shear force at x = 23 a:
V = − 23 pa + 23 pa = 56 pa

SOLUTION (1.3)
Free-Body: Piston
53
7 53
7
2
F x = 0: P −
53
FAB = 0 FAB =
7
P (a)
A FAB
P

RA (CONT.)
(1.3 CONT.)

1
 2 2
F y = 0: −
53
FAB + RA = 0 RA = P
7

(a) Free-Body: Crank BC

2P
M
B
2P 3kN  m C = 0: −( )(0.6) + 3 = 0
7
53
2
7
A 7
C P = 17.5 kN
P
0.6 m (b) Equation (a) gives FAB = 18.2 kN

SOLUTION (1.4)
(a) 40 kN 20 kN
Member AB

A
2m 1m 1m  M = 0: R B A = 35 5 kN
B RBx
1
2 RA
40 kN  m  F = 0: R x Bx = 70 kN
RBy
 F = 0: R y By = 25 kN

Member AC
35 kN  M = 0: R A Cx = 2 RCy
 F = 0: R
A 70 kN
1m y Cy = 35 kN

2m C
RCy
RCx
F = 0: R x Cx = 70 kN

(b)
Segment AD
35 kN
M
 F = 0: P = 70 kN
x

 F = 0: V = 35 kN
A 1m
P y

 M = 0: M = 35 kN  m
70 kN D
V D

SOLUTION (1.5)

Link BD is a two-force member and hence the direction of FBD is known.

(a) Free body-Member ADE

E M A = 0:
D
P − P(4a) + FBD (2a) = 0, FBD = 2 P 
A
RAx
FBD F x = 0 : RAx = 0
2a 2a F y = 0:
RAy − RAy + FBD − P = 0, RAy = P 
(CONT.)
(1.5 CONT.)

2
 y VO (b) Free Body-Part AO
A
FO x Fx = 0 : FO = 0
P 1.5a
O
MO F = 0: V = P 
y O

 M = 0 : M = 1.5Pa
O O

SOLUTION (1.6)

We have  = 115o . Apply Eqs. ( 1.11 ):

 x n = 12 (−50 + 40) + 12 (−50 − 40) cos 230o − 20sin 230o

= −5 + 28.92 + 15.32 = 39.2 MPa

 x ' y ' = − 12 (−50 − 40) sin 230o − 20 cos 230o = −21.6 MPa

SOLUTION (1.7)
y
60 MPa 240 MPa
y’ x’

45o
x
 x − y
 x' y' = 0 = − sin 90 +  xy cos 90o
o

2
or
x =y

 x ' = −240 =  x + 0 +  xy sin 90o (a)

 y ' = −60 =  x − 0 −  xy sin 90o (b)

Subtract (a) from (b):

 xy = −90 MPa
Add (1) and (2):
 x =  y = −150 MPa

150 MPa

150 MPa

90 MPa

SOLUTION (1.8)

3
 (a)  (25, 50)  p " = 12 tan −1 3750.5 = 26.6 o
( MPa )
r = (50 2 + 37.52 ) 2 = 62.5
1

r
2p " Thus,
0 C
  1 = 62.5 + 62.5 = 125 MPa
2 1 ( MPa ) 2 = 0
37.5

 ' = 62.5
(b)  max = r = 62.5 MPa
125 MPa

62.5 MPa x'

26.6o
x

SOLUTION (1.9)
(a)  (MPa)  ' = 12 (−150 + 80) = −35 MPa
 p " = 12 tan −1 115
70
= 15.66 o
'
r = (1152 + 70 2 ) 2 = 134.6
1
115

2 2 p" C 0 1 (MPa) Thus,
(-150, -70)  1 = −35 + 134.6 = 99.6 MPa
 2 = −169.6 MPa

99.6 MPa  max = r = 134.6 MPa

(b)
x
15.66o
x'
169.6 MPa
134.6 MPa 35 MPa

SOLUTION (1.10)

0 + 120 0 − 120 2
(a)  1 = 150 = + ( ) + 2
2 2
 = 67.1 MPa
(CONT.)

(1.10 CONT.)

4
 −120 2
(b)  max = ( ) + 67.12 = 90 MPa
2
120
'= = 60 MPa
2
0 − 120
2 s = tan −1[− ] = 41.8o
2(67.1)
120
 x' y' = sin 41.8o + 67.1cos 41.8o = 90 MPa
2
Thus,  s ' = 20.9
o

60 MPa
y’
60 MPa
MPa x’

20.9̊
3o
90 MPa x

SOLUTION (1.11)
(a) y
sin 40o
area=1
x' x'
 x'
60 MPa
x  x' y' 
x
 40o
x
 xy = 60 MPa o y'
cos 40
We have  y = 0 and  xy = 60 MPa .
F x = 0:  x sin 40o = 60 cos 40o + 60 cos 40o
or  x = 143 MPa (comp.)

Apply Eqs. (1.11) with  = 90 + 25 = 115o :

 x = − 143
' 2 − 2 cos 230 + 60 sin 230 = −71 .5 MPa
143 o o

 x ' y ' = 71 .5 sin 230 o + 60 cos 230 o = −93 .34 MPa

1
(b) x
 max = [(−71 .5) + 60 ] = 93 .34 MPa
2 2 1

20o
2

 ' = −715. MPa x'

It may be seen from a sketch of Mohr’s Circle that 2
 p " = 12 tan −1 7160.5 = 20 o 93.3 MPa
71.5 MPa

SOLUTION (1.12)

5
 7.58 MPa
y' 105.6 MPa  x =  y = 80 cos 45 o = 56 .57 MPa
x'  xy = 80 sin 45 o = 56 .57 MPa

 = 30o
x
28.29 MPa

Apply Eqs. (1.11):

 x ' = 12 (56 .57 + 56 .57 ) + 0 + 56 .57 sin 60 o = 105 .6 MPa
 y ' = 56 .57 − 48 .99 = 7.58 MPa
 x ' y ' = −0 + 56 .57 cos 60 o = 28 .29 MPa

SOLUTION (1.13)

We have  x = 0,  y = −50 MPa ,  xy = 100 MPa ,  = 70o

Apply Eqs. (1.11):
 x ' = − 502 + 502 cos140o + 100 sin 140o
= 20.13 MPa x'
70.13 MPa
 y ' = −25 + 19 .15 − 64 .28 = −70 .13 MPa
 x ' y ' = −25 sin 140 o + 100 cos140 o
= −92.67 MPa y'
70o
x
20.13 MPa 92.67 MPa
SOLUTION (1.14)
40
(a) 50 30  xy = −30 MPa ,  y = 60 MPa
y
1
x F x = 0:  x ( 1
2
) = 30( 1
2
) + 40( 1
2
) − 50( 1
2
)
 x = 20 MPa (comp.)
1
2 or
45o
x
70 MPa
y
( b ) It may be seen from a sketch of Mohr’s circle that 30 MPa
 p " = tan
1
2
−1 3
4 = 18.43 o
x'
1, 2 =  [(
−20+ 60
) + ( −30) ]
−20− 60 2 2 1
2 2
2
18.43o
x
= 20  50
or  1 = 70 MPa ,  2 = −30 MPa
SOLUTION (1.15)

We have
 x'
x’
 x' y'

6 10 MPa
o
25 x
y’
  = 25 + 90 = 115o
 x = −10 MPa
 y = 30 MPa
 xy = 0
(a)  x ' = 12 ( x +  y ) + 12 ( x −  y ) cos 2
= 12 (−10 + 30) + 12 (−10 − 30) cos 230o = 22.86 MPa
Thus,
 w =  x ' = 22.86 MPa

(b)  x ' y ' = − 12 ( x −  y ) sin 2

= − 12 (−10 − 30) sin 230o = −15.32 MPa
So
 w =  x ' y ' = −15.32 MPa w

SOLUTION (1.16)

(a)  x =  T = 11 .7(10 −6 )(80 o ) = 936 μ

Thus  =  x L = 936 (10 −6 )250 = 0.234 mm

(b) x =  T = 117
. (10−6 )( 80Lx ) = 9.36(10−4 ) Lx
u =   x dx = 4.68(10 −4 ) xL + c
2
Hence (a)
We have u=0 at x=0; c=0. Equation (a) for x=250 mm gives  = 0.117 mm
SOLUTION (1.17)

From solution of Prob. 1.14:

 x = −20 MPa ,  y = 60 MPa ,  xy = −30 MPa
Thus, x = 1
70 (103 )
[−20 − 0.3(60 )] = −543 μ ,  y = 1
70 (103 )
[60 + 0.3(20 )] = 943 μ
 xy = − 30
70 (10 3 )
= −1114 μ
2.6

( a ) Equations (1.25) with  = 180 − 60 = 120o:

' x ' = −5432+943 + −5432−943 cos 240 o − 1114 sin 240 o
= 200 + 371.5 + 964.7 = 1536 μ

 max = 2[( −5432−943 ) 2 + (− 1114 = 1857 μ

2 1

2 ) ]
2
(b)

SOLUTION (1.18)
1, 2 = 50+ 250
 [( 50−2250 ) 2 + ( − 150
2 )] = 150  125
1
2
(a) 2

7
 or  1 = 275 μ ,  2 = 25 μ

( b ) Apply Hooke’s Law with  z = 0:

275(10 −6 ) = 210(10
1
)
(1 − 0.3 2 );
9 57.75 = 1 − 0.3 2
25(10 −6 ) = 1
210(109 )
( 2 − 0.31 ); . = 2 − 0.31
525
Solving,  1 = 65.19 MPa ,  2 = 24.81 MPa
SOLUTION (1.19)

We have
(a)  x = 0.50006 = 120 μ  y = − 0.25004 = −160 μ
 xy = −1000 − 50 = −1500 μ rad
 max = 2 [( 120+2160 ) 2 + (− 1500 = 1526 μ
2 1

2 ) ]
2
(b)

SOLUTION (1.20)

(a) y
B

40
  = tan −1 43 = 5313
. o,

x  = 126.87o
30 D
Apply Eq. (1.25);
 x' = 400 +800
2 + 400 −800
2 cos 2(126 .87 o ) + 200
2 sin 2(126 .87 o ) = 560 μ
1, 2 = 400+800
 [( 400−2800 ) 2 + ( 200
2 ) ] = 600  224
2 2 1
(b) 2

or  1 = 824 μ  2 = 376 μ
It may be seen from a sketch of Mohr’s Circle that;
 p " = 12 tan −1 ( 12 ) = 13.28 o

SOLUTION (1.21)

(a)  x = 100(110 ) (150 + 903 ) = 1800 μ,

3  y = 100(110 ) (−90 − 150
3 3 ) = −1400 μ

 z = − 100(10 ) (150 − 90 ) = −200 μ

1
3
3

a = 1800 (100) = 180 μm, b = −1400 (50) = −70 μm,

t = −200 (10) = −2 μm
Thus,
a' = 1000.18 mm, b' = 49.93 mm, t ' = 9.998 mm

A' C ' = [100 .8 2 + 49 .93 2 ] 2 = 111 .933 mm

1
(b)

SOLUTION (1.22)

( a ) We have x =  y = z = − p , AC =111.8034 mm.

8
 Equation (1.34),
 x =  y =  z = − EP (1 − 2 ) = − 100120 ( 1 ) = −400 μ
(10 ) 3 3 (a)
and
a = −400 (100) = −40 μm, b = −400 (50) = −20 μm
t = −400 (10) = −4 μm
Hence
a' = 99.96 mm, b' = 49.98 mm, t ' = 9.996 mm
( b ) A' C ' = [99 .96 + 49 .98 ] = 111 .7587 mm
2 2 1
2

SOLUTION (1.23)

2 2.5
x = = 500  y = = 1000 
4000 2500

Equations (1.32):
1
500(10−6 ) = ( x − 0.3 y )
69(109 )
1
1000(10−6 ) = ( y − 0.3 x )
69(109 )
or
34.5(106 ) =  x − 0.3 y (a)
69(10 ) =  y − 0.3 x
6
(b)
Solve Eqs. (a) and (b):
 x = 60.6 MPa  y = 87.2 MPa
Thus,
px = 60.6(106 )(0.005) = 303 kN m
p y = 87.2(106 )(0.005) = 436 kN m

SOLUTION (1.24)

2 2.5
x = = 400  y = = 625 
5000 4000

Equations (1.32):
1
400(10−6 ) = ( x − 0.3 y )
105(109 )
(CONT.)

(1.24 CONT.)

9
 1
625(10−6 ) = ( y − 0.3 x )
105(109 )
or
42(106 ) =  x − 0.3 y (a)
65.6(106 ) =  y − 0.3 x (b)
Solve Eqs. (a) and (b):

σx = 67.8 MPa σy = 85.9 MPa

Hence,
px = 67.8(106 )(0.007) = 474.6 kN m
p y = 85.9(106 )(0.007) = 601.3 kN m

SOLUTION (1.25)

DAC =  = tan −1 34 = 36.9o

LAC = LBD = 902 + 1202 = 150 mm G= E
2(1+1 3) = 83 E
 x = E1 (150 + 753 ) = 175(10
6
)
E

 y = E1 (75 + 150
6

3 )=
125(10 )
E

 xy = 150
G =
400(106 )
3E

We have
1 = 180 − 36.9 = 143.1o
Taking x’ along BD
 x ' = (25 + 150 cos 286.2o + 66.67 sin 286.2o ) 10E
6

= (25 + 41.85 − 64) 10E = 2.85(106 ) E

6

= 1.35 10−3 mm
6
LBD = 100 2.85(10 )
210(109 )

10