NATIONAL APPRENTICESHIP SERVICE

(SENA)

GETTING STARTED AS A TRANSLATOR

MADE BY: Maria Jose Bernal Piñeros

Presented to: Sandra Muñoz

Logistics Management
2282276

Bogota D.C
2021
- As part of your English Learning Process, it is important to get familiar with
technical vocabulary in order to be able to translate short pieces of texts
containing technical information.

A. Getting familiar with technical vocabulary

After revising the vocabulary in the material Strategic framework: Developing

guidelines, read the given definitions and complete the following crossword.

Across - Horizontal

1. The act of producing more of something than is needed, or to produce too

much.
2. Movement of goods or services along the value stream from raw materials to
the customer without backflow, stoppages, o waste.
3. A party that supplies goods or services. A supplier may be distinguished from
a contractor or subcontractor, who commonly adds specialized input to
deliverable’s. Also called vendor.
4. Basic substance in its natural, modified, or semi processed state, used as a
input to a production process for subsequent modification or transformation
into finished good.
5. An estimate of costs, revenues, and resources over a specified period,
reflecting a reading of future financial conditions and goals.
6. Department, facility, machine, or resource already working at its full capacity
and which, therefore, cannot handle any additional demand placed on it. Also
called critical resource.

Down - Vertical

1. Study of capabilities and limitations of mental and physical work in

different settings. Ergonomics applies anatomical, physiological, and
psychological knowledge to work and work environments in order to
reduce or eliminate factors that cause pain or discomfort.
2. A business or person that sells goods to the consumer, as opposed to a
wholesaler or supplier, who normally sell their goods to another business.
3. Desire for certain good or service supported by the capacity to purchase it.
4. Highest sustainable output rate that can be achieved with current
resources, maintenance strategies, product specifications, etc.
5. An itemized catalog or list of tangible goods or property, or the intangible
attributes or qualities.
6. Estimate of expected demand over a specified future period. Also called
forecast demand.
 7. The comparison of what is actually produced or performed with what can
be achieved with the same consumption of resources. It is an important
factor in determination of productivity.
- Work arrangement aimed at reducing or overcoming job dissatisfaction and
employee alienation arising from repetitive and mechanistic tasks. Through job
design, organizations try to raise productivity levels by offering non-monetary
rewards such as greeted satisfaction from a sence of personal achievement in
meeting the increased challenge and responsibility of one’s work. Job
enlargement, job rotation, and job simplification are the various techniques used
in a job design exercise.

- Non-productive time of employees or machines, or both, due to work stoppage

from any cause. Also called idle time, allowed time, or downtime.

O V E R P R O D U C T I O N D
R E E A N E
E G T M P V M
F L O W A A A E A
F N I N C N N
I O L D I T D
C M E T O J F
I I R W Y R O O
E C A Y B R
N S U P P L I E R D E
C T E C
Y R A W M A T E R I A L S A
I I S
M B U D G E T
B O T T L E N E C K N
B. Understanding word categories

Translate the following terms into Spanish and determine their grammatical
category.
Check the example:
English Term Spanish translation Grammatical category
Supply chain Cadena de abastecimiento Noun phrase

Supply chain management Administración de la cadena Noun phrase

de abastecimiento

Flow of goods Flujo de mercancías Noun phrase

Storage of goods Almacenamiento de Noun phrase
mercancías
Point of origin Punto de origen Noun phrase
Point of consumption Punto de consumo Noun phrase
Consumer Consumidor Noun
Supplier Proveedor Noun
Customer Cliente Noun
Provider Proveedor Noun
Network Red Noun
Procurement Adquision Noun
Transformation Transformación Noun
Warehousing and Almacenamiento y Noun phrase
distribution distribución
Intermediate product Producto intermediario Noun phrase
Finished product Producto terminado Noun phrase
To meet customers Para satisfacer los requisitos Noun phrase
requirements de los clientes
Re-engineering Re-ingeniería Noun
Freight and transport costs Costo de flete y transporte Noun phrase

Destination market Destino de mercado Noun phrase

Seasonal trends Tendencias estacionales Noun phrase
Import and export Regulaciones de Noun phrase
regulations importación y exportación

Customs duties and taxes Derechos de aduanas e Noun phrase

impuestos
Inventory management Administración de Noun phrase
inventarios
Delivery servicies Servicios de entrega Noun phrase
Order fulfilment Orden completa Noun phrase
C. Evaluating translations

Read the following translations and identify the possible problems in the result.
You can express the problems you identify in Spanish. Please, provide a
possible solution for each case.
ENGLISH SPANISH YOUR OPINION YOUR
TRANSLATION CORRECTION
- Hace falta el uso del
Logística es una articulo LA antes de
Logistics is one of de las esferas, logística. La logística es
the spheres, which que tienen - En español el termino una de las esferas
still have potential todavía potencial Logística se debe que aún tiene
as far as improving en cuanto a utilizar en singular. potencial en
performance is mejorar el - El verbo TIENEN se
cuanto se refiere
concerned. rendimiento se debe utilizar en
refiere. singular ya que nos
al mejoramiento
estamos refiriendo a la del rendimiento.
esfera de la logística.
El global Mercado - En español el termino El mercado global
The global logistics de logísticas han logística se utiliza en de la logística ha
market has grown crecido singular, además el crecido
radically over the radicalmente en termino MERCADO radicalmente en
years. los últimos años. debe ir antes de los últimos años.
GLOBAL.
The main Los principales - Sin novedad. Sin novedad.
customer groups grupos de clientes
served by the servidos por la
logistics industry industria logística
are parcel and son los servicios
documents de entrega
express delivery urgente de
services, paquetería y
warehousing and documentos,
distribution, etc. almacenamiento,
distribución, etc.
Efficient logistics Logística - Termino Logística es La logística
and transportation eficientes y el singular, termino eficiente y el
system are Sistema de eficiente es singular y sistema de
important transporte son no es ninguna, es transporte son
prerequisities of importantes CUALQUIER
importantes
the development previos requisitos
of any economy. del desarrollo de
previos requisitos
ninguna del desarrollo de
economía. cualquier
economía.
The art and El arte y la - La forma correcta es El arte y la ciencia
science of ciencia de la ciencia y la de la entrega de
delivering goods entrega de los traducción de godos bienes con
with speed and Buenos con que aplica seria rapidez y
precision can rapidez y BIENES. precisión pueden
help businesses precisión - Gain es igual a ayudar negocios a
operate more pueden ayudar GANAR. operar más
efficiently, lower negocios a eficiente, reducir
costs and gain operar más costos y ganar
new customers. eficiente, reducir nuevos clientes.
costos y gain
nuevos clientes.
Logistics has Las logísticas ha - En español el La logística ha
evolved evolucionado a termino logística se evolucionado a lo
throughout lo largo y ancho utiliza en singular. largo y ancho de
centuries to de las centurias - El termino las centurias para
become an para convertirse NEGOCIOS debe ir convertirse en una
integral part of en una parte en singular. parte integral de
every business. integral de cada cada negocio.
negocio.
D. Identifying tenses

Read the sentences given below and identify the tense form used in each of
them.
Translate the sentences into Spanish.
TENSE SPANISH TRASLATION
- Last year, the U.S. Simple past El año pasado, la industria de
business logistics negocios de logística de
industry continued to Estados Unidos continuo
grow at an creciendo a un ritmo nunca
unprecedented rate. antes visto.
- Global competition Simple past La competencia global
began to spread in the comenzó a extenderse en la
1970s and accelerated década de 1970 y se aceleró
in the 1990s. en la década de 1990.
- Logistics has evolved Simple past La logística ha evolucionado a
throughout centuries lo largo de los siglos para
to become an integral convertirse en una parte
part of every business. integral de cada negocio.
- Globalization is still Present Perfect La logística ha jugado un papel
moving forward today. fundamental en el desarrollo
global durante casi 5.000 años.
- Since the construction Present Perfect Desde la construcción de las
of the pyramids in pirámides en el antiguo Egipto ,
ancient Egypt, logistics la logística ha logrado un
has made a progreso notable.
remarkable progress.
- Recently, innovations Present Recientemente las
have become vital to innovaciones se volvieron
meet customer vitales para cumplir con las
expectations. expectativas del cliente.
- Now, the Company is Present Perfect Ahora la compañía está
working on a new trabajando en un Nuevo
Project. Proyecto.
- Usually, freight Present Por lo general, los
forwarders organize transportadores organizan el
shipping of various envío de varias mercancías.
goods.
- Now, the ABC Present Perfect Ahora, la compañía ABC está
company is expanding exponiendo sus instalaciones
its production facilities de producción para incluir una
to include a new nueva línea de productos.
product line.
E. Critical thinking
Answer the following questions.
1. According to your experience, which steps did you follow to complete the
different translations?
Initially, what I do is try to read the text without any help and understand what is
being said, then I look for those unusual words in the translator and I finish
contextualizing the idea of what I had already tried to understand.

2. According to your experience, do you consider that translation is a complex

activity?
Yes, in my personal opinion, as it is a language that I practice very little and
finding from one moment to the text so much information in English makes it
difficult to understand and then translate it, although I try in the most honest way
to make an effort to understand it that is sent to us.

3. What do you think is necessary to do a correct translation?

For a correct translation, the first thing to do is contextualize and then locate the
verbs and the time in which they are written or spoken, as well as the person who
speaks to us.

4. According to your experience, what is the most difficult aspect about translation?
For me, the most difficult thing to translate and understand are the audios, from
this written activity has been the inclusion of new words that I had not used or
seen written and that also have several meanings but thanks to the
contextualization of the subject one manages to deduce the most consistent.