Lewis octet

theory
 ②
whatischemi_cabndfti@Et.O
It is attraction between -

two atoms
of same or different element which .

binds them together .

/ Bond
= .

Strong bond 74214J /MY weak bond .

H→→→ .
Is
Covalent coordinate Metallic Vander
.

Hydrogen
'

Ionic
-

bong bony bond Waal

98kt
8<+942
'

KJ
1 theory of chemical bond

÷
"

|ra1eofpotent
Lewis Modern
theory
/ octet
theory
t
.

"

classical ,
 Ne= 2,8
/ octet theory 2e
.

1% ,

Atom's of element
-1 me

€
.

try to get eight Ai

electron in their
'
:
Ra .

←
-

compound
.

outermost shell to get

'

were
not found .

stability like noble gases except

.

for It which seek 9 electron & complete

-
-
-

It's duplet they

•
In 1962 =
Neil Bartlett

Otzfftc / g) Oz =
F- F- =

-1975+5 / MY
comp/ e
'

salt ptclg
Xe I. E -1970 KJ / Md
-

/ "
Xefptcls)

First Inert gas compound .

 Bartlett discovery led to scrapping
of octet potential
theory & led to

energy rate
.

Potentialenergyrale@P.E Kn = .

Repulsion .

|H2] Attract
'

Repulsion
(
.

②
>
ñu +

(A) Attraction .

H - -
- -- - - - -.
.

µ
IBJ

na -
e 'D = Attraction .

HB
-

CA = 11

MA -
NB =
Repulsion

e. A -
EB =
, -
?⃝
 - - - - - - -

④
No Attraction repulsion
.

or

- - - - - - -

Attraction -

Repulsion
>

④- -

I ,
- -

1 Attraction =
Repulsion .

y .

chemical bond Formation -

takes place .

t
Repulsion > Attraction
mill ecole will be unstable .
?⃝
?⃝
 When two atoms approach each other then attractive and
repulsive both KIND of force work but when atoms come
closer to each other at starting attraction is more
dominating then repulsion and after some time attraction
is equal to repulsion where chemical bond formation
takes but if we keep approaching atoms then repulsion
will dominate and bond will break

①
②

z., µy,.
PE ⑥
Bond length
⇐ →
i
,
distance 't Btw atom I

* , ,, ,g , , , ,,, , , , , ,

- - - - - -

-4€
'

Attraction = Repulsion

1 Covalent Bond
A-chemical bond which
is Formed by sharing of equal no
electron between two atom
'

lcovalenif.NO of covalent bond

.

Formed tj any atom of

'

element .
 °
/ How to draw lewis dot structure

doe) 2. + -
-

c µ HIT)

lewis symbol .
Go ✗ H

②
cTentra1ato①
O

IT
② Atomicity.TO
'

t
More
valency F- N
-

( less atom,

I
③ u - c -

H
-

!
n
?⃝
?⃝
?⃝
 of electron shared bj
.
-

an atom
-

or no

in covalent compound
'

[ No of unpaired electron in ground

.

valency)
-

state or
any excited state is
-

d- What / are CI ?
is valency of
'

(a) lb ) I 5 (d) 7
'

1 3 "

zjzps 81
/ 9)
'

F =3 >
8%
=

II -25528<353*455340
'
.

ran .

-1-197=2,70 8-7

1=15) ton ☒ I 'll '

unpaired
152 212 215 E- =
-1
.

valency -1 / ground
.

= state )
 ctfu) =
2-8,7
=
+52 ? zÉ 3_3IÉ3d°-
G. 5=4
valency ☒
/ FF⑤
'

-
e- -

F-

E.SI , )= ☒ tIT☒
3s JP 3d

valency FI=§
=3
In

F-
S2 ☒ Ft€
Valency
=3 3s 34

E-
Sj Ti f t
valency -7 35 3P
31

)%§z
'

which compound exist

in nature '
,p
* :* ,
- i :* "
CI
valency _③ that ency 5
#
018J

×e÷ !÷i÷1÷f¥=
:÷ :
 q§z§2p
"
C / 6) =

[ GIL
⇐
☒ F④
rat "eng=2
( G. f)

01¥) -
-
iszszpk

☒t7
valeniy-2.IO
-1=0

E- a
ki
-

E-
É É T CI -28,7
-

'

v=

It q 2 197 )
,

F- N CT 0

÷:
 '

:
501
0

s¥#É
•

:#
/
42C
-
a

o
=

☐ =

+
✗ ±

structure
.
×

o
✓ 1 Lewis

a 43
nzBo←①N
e
a
Lewis dot
structure +
formal
charge
 / How to draw Lewis dot structure
.

④
4) Identify central atom
.

1_T§ valency T

↳
☒ Atomicity
+
EN di
② all element with their
'

write
-

Lewis symbol
.

② put central atom intetween .

④ Make atleast one single bond

.

⑤
)
check its octet / 2nd period c- A
'
-

peripheral = octet

⑥ If octet is not complete

atom
.

then make multiple bond

⑦ check octet again

.

⑧ If positive charge is
.

present then
remove electron need to the positive

change & For negative charge

.

add electron acd -

to the change
on the species .
 """

f) Os
Ze te se Ge je 8g -

I *¥÷¥÷+É•÷
:

¥:* .

'
'

Ai g , p 5 a an
semi "

Ya
.ae
.

In
.

Sn
'

Sti Te É Xe '
'

'

T1 Pb B Al Ra

In →

B- go ;É%

contradi%¥
•

O
O O

tewiss.sn#c.A-8e=

⑤ 02
fc.tt?8e#
E±

✗
§? :O " °O° n

✗ ✗ ou ou
super octet
'

or Expanded

:& :
:
octet

✗ ✗ ✗ ✗

er

✓Ñij1atcocte
•e
←
 r

✗e- 01=2
III
T
0

①
o
-
+

'

not
- '

Pda 50-+2
.

a
:[ 1 :

¥¥÷
o
④

o-jl-o-io-i.li
"
!

Pdf
*
NOT
co
 F % :

"

É-iÑ÷o;
✗
§
✓ g
-
N = 0

Ñ= .

F
-

i :C ;
e)
-

0=1-9 E.
CEO
:

E -50
ÉÉO
 ?
E- goons 4

¥B¥:@ →
→
> e-
.

H
Ge

t.PT#,=,B--+N-H
e

'

( t ) Head
l negative .

F H

oñ→µ+ nÉ_ É
t

Ho -
t
 -

F°"""""=±+"""**""
between
'

electron '

in Isolated state R

combined state .

I charge
t→iii
ideation state

i
H -
d F. c=o D= -1 .

0×-170
F- f- 0
NÉcT F- c- TINA ) 4=1--1
 7

1-21-2
-2 -2
no

F- C- =
Valence E- Ifshared e- 7- non
'

2 bonding
etectroa .

Valen e- line dog

.

= -
-

✗ ✗

0:

-2=4-3-2
F- c. f-
§
=

(c)
do )= 6- z
§
F- -

É=o =)

0:
t

4- 3-2
N%É-oN%
② + ✗
0 0

:01:

l÷Jt÷
✗ ✗
0_N@QIzTTri odideIonJCtzideIon.tI-I-i.I -

"
N=N①→Ñ :O -
É
:O

'
① ①

NEÑ ÑZ
191J
-

'

'

- I t -1 -

.
-1

N=N=N
Ionic bond +
LDS
 AIFF E) Sick +
(3) 502 .

}
4) IoT (5) Iciztz 6) Xeoit
⑦ IO.dz#HzPo4l9)HCl0t4o)HNI
④ 1112104 =

A1= laid '

✓

-
×

0 .

¥1
'

O
0=9 • -
-

y
"
O
9£

# '

2nd period atom

central
?⃝
|HzP ortho phosphoric acid

otriproticaadl3.
)
t t

coordinate bond twill be

'
.

Formed
by 2^9 period
'

element only
o
Hzp 03 •

Hzpoz
Ortho phosphorous Hypo phosphorous
'

Aclg A CIG
 HzP03_
diprohc Acid
121€
9- Reducing -4
Hzp 02
Mono proto
-

acid

2-
Reducing ti

9 Acidic to
 AIF ? E) siѢ+C 3) 502 .

}
4) IoT (5) IÉZFI (6) ✗ e0I+
⑦ IO.dz#.HzPo4l9)HC10tl9o)HN0a
④ ¥-3 '

o=c=%
F- Al - F

I ✗ T

FF F
'
O
→
-
a ✓
② É_- 0
Lewis dvtstructu
. .

si
o→ .
S← / silicate )
Ios

③
0=5-70
0-25=0
0
⑥

o
-

o
?⃝
 Tfs;
Ioztz
o=É :O
-

¥
E eÑ o o
✗

0 É :&
Idol -

0
Iodj "
Cl -
I -
C 1
/①
a

?=o
'

Hcl per chloric acid

'

0k "
c
4-0 -

"
o
 0 N O
'

= - -

H
① Nitrous Acid
( HN 02
]
/ Azide IoT .qoo_|Airb
~ÉÉ¥¥ ¥

02NaNz0-i2Nat3N@F-sx22.t
767€
1- it

1- it

g-
v5
' -

N' =- N' → N' ✓

NlN=N+_
Ñ=É=N- ]
-
i
ÑZ ✓

R
 IJ How Ming 1. P.

are present on C- 172

I -0¥ -
-
I

3 toner air

I -
I" I -
I -
I
✗

cant orbital If -
c)
+ { '
✗

, ✗
a-
a which do not follow octet rule 2
-12

BF
} ☒ Beck SFF

⑤ 03 A) HONOJ
921
5K¥ +

17143 (9) 171 Fj

Fy ☒ GE ✗ L
ite
-

Ion

portraits on in octet A
# f-
z.ge a. e-

Betz Bella .

,
B -1-3
,
Bob -
BBM BIT ,

RICH /At ✗→ ^
Pcs
Apt F-
its Ionic
?⃝
 it
171dg covalent Al
/
C1 →I
171dg / za ) Ionic
1+3 fact
→
A

(
NO NO
F
, ,
,
clog .

,
C 103 .

•
I
✗
o=&→Q①
✗
•

NEO : o=N I
i.
'
-70,0¥:-C ¥:O
I
"

t
.

①
pg , , , , ,, , , ,
, g, , ,,
, , ,, , ,

"
o

Electron deficient = NO ,N 02 .

Which has least

-

tendency for dimerization

2

4) NO (2)
Ñg✓ b)
•

CH>

¥"µ÷
not

deficiency
e-
t.CH
•

Te Ge 8

dimer
?⃝
?⃝
/ Limitation of octet theory
(1) Expanded octet super octet
'

or

Ex 503 Ha 04 I
-1-7
.

,
,

(2) Contraction in octet

1=-1 Be -1-2 , BB , 17193 - -

(3) Odd electron species

F-s NO NO 2 C/ 02
, , .

④ Noble gas compound

.

can
-

.
-
-

form

Krtz ,
✗ e- 03 ✗ esta ✗ e0
Ft
, ,
/ Ionic Bond
chemical bond which
formed by
'

are complete transfer

of electron atom to another :

'

From one

'

covalent / Ionic bond

FENT ,

✗
¥ Yy -4¥
-

[
.

metal
'
non Metal Non
Fretz /
"
-

metal

CI CI Na

(1--2-8,70)
-

E- =
28

1Na+
/ valency
°

cÉÉonk
( covalent)
Electro

)
valency
.
 171=2
S Block
,
②

E:÷: ①¥
I I

¥ ¥
I
"Ev=zl⇐r=③±1Er
t.mil )
*

pocÑ
'

soil
d- The Formula of a metal sulphate .

is then
Alsop its formula
.
.

Metal phosphate ?
'

For

g.jp
pqt2 POP |Mj(P0¢)a