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VA GIAI PHAP
1. Dq.i hQi Dang Cc)ng san Vi$t Nam (DCSV.N)
Ian thl.f VI (12/1986) da quyet djnh nhieu van de .h$
tr9ng cua dat mt6'c, trong d6 c6 van de giao d1,Jc (GO),
d~c bi$t la giao d1,1c cl?i hqc (GDDH) vi doi v6'i moi
dan tc)c, GD lu6n ta qu6c sach hang clau.
Tl/ d6 den nay, GDD H da tt1ng bv6'c phat tri§n r6
r$t ve quy mo, da dq.ng ve loq.i hinh truO'ng, hinh thl.fc
dao tq.o (DT), nguon llfc xa hc)i duqc huy dc)ng, dq.t
duqc ket qua tich clfc, tt1ng bu6'c cung Ling nguon
llfc lao d<?ng c6 trinh de) cao phvc vv slf nghi$p phat
trien kinh te - xa hQi, dan dap U'ng qua trinh CNH,
HDH dat nl16'c, bao dam an ninh quoc phong va hQi
nh?p kinh ~e quoc te. ? va Hi$p djnh (trong do di hc;>c tien si la 2.029, thq.c
Tuy so truO'ng dq.i hqc, cao dang (DH, CD) da
tang khoang hO'n 6 Ian so v6'i nam 1987 nhung ve
~ chat luqng , nhin chung , giao dvc - dao tq.o (GD-
DT) nu6'c ta van chlla theo kip v6'i cac trl10'ng DH
trong khu we va tren the gi6'i. Vi the, vi$c hqp tac
ve GD-£lT v6i nhieu loai hinh deu da dllQ'c trien khai
mq.nh me trong thO'i gian qua theo 4 phuang thuc
trong Hi$p dinh GATS/WTO (theo dieu 1, khoan 2
Hi$p djnh GATS/WTO): 1) Cung cap qua bien gkfi
(Cross border-Mode 1), duqc hieu la: DT ti/ xa; £lT
tnfc tuyen nhuqng quyen thuang hi$u; £lT qua hinh
thl.fc truO'ng 8H ao; 2) Tieu th1,1 ngoai lanh th6•
(Consumption abroad - Mode 2): Sinh vien (SV)
ra nv6'c ngoai du h9c (nh?p khau) ho~c thu hut sv
t6'i nv6'c minh h9c (xuat khau); 3) Hi?n di?n thLIO'ng
m?i(Commercial presence - Mode 3): Thanh l?p
hi$n di$n thVO'ng mq.i CJ nl16'C ngoai d§ cung cap djch
vv (chi nhanh, van phong dq.i di$n hqp dong lien
ket8T, thanh l?p trvO'ng lien doanh , thanh l?p truO'ng
100% von nv6'c ngoai); 4) Hi?n di?n cua the° nh8.n
(Presence of natural person - Mode 4): Giang vien
(GV) chuyen gia ra nv6'c ngoai de giang dq.y (xuat
khau) ho~c mai GV , chuyen gia t6'i nu6'c minh giang
dq.y (nh?p khau).
Nhling nha quan Ii GD can can cU' vao bon
phVO'ng thl.fc tren lam CC1 SO danh gia ve tinh hinh
xuat - nh?p khau cua GDDH Vi$t Nam hi$n tq.i, d~t
(k i 2 .- 1/2013)
~
ThS. LE VAN VUONG*
ra chien lvqc cho vi$c xuat- nh?p khau GD8H trong
tvang lai.
2. Thl!C tr~ng xuat- nh~p kh§u djch v~ GDt>H
1) Nh~p khau. Hi$n nay, tinh trq.ng nh?p khau
a
GDD H nu6'c ta dien ra theo nhling phllO'ng thl.fc
sau:
- Theo phuong th tic 2: Tieu fhf! ngoai lanh th6~
Trong thO'i gian qua , Vi$t Nam da nh?p khau theo
di$n nay kha 16'n . Hang nam , ca
ngan sach nha
nl16'c va tlf nhan da chi khoang 100 tri$u do la. Tinh
tu 2000-2009 , Bo GD-DT da cLt 7.039 lvu hoc sinh
(LHS) di h9c nv6'~ ngoai b&ng ngan sach Nh~ mt6'c
si la 1.598, !hlfC t?p sinh la 626 va DH la 2.786) ;
binh quan 1 nam cCt tren 700 LHS di hQc nv6'c
ngoai. Nam hc;>c 2008 -2009, co tren 1.000 nguO'i
dvqc cCt di hqc mt6'c ngoai, trong d6 tren 700 ngvO'i
h9c tien si, thq.c si, thlfc t?p sinh b&ng nguon ngan
sach nha nl16'c, khong ke cac nguon khac. Rieng
1o thang dau nam 2009, nv6'c ta da gLli dvqc 900
ngvOi di hc;>c nu6'c ngoai, trong d6 c6 585 ngvO'i (330
di h9c tien si, 184 di hqc thq.c si va 71 thlfc t~p sinh) ·
theo de an 322. TLi nam 2000-2009, BQ GD-DT
da Clt 4866 can be), Gv cac CO' s& G0£) H va cac CO'
quan nha nl16'c theo hQC tq.i cac CO' so GD8H hO'n
30 nv6'c tren the gi6'i (1 ).
- Theo phLIO'ng thlrc 1 va 4: Cung cap qua bien
gi6'iva hi?n di?n cua the° nh8.n. Thong tin ti/ hi$p h9i
GD qu6c te Australia, nam 2009, Vi$t Nam c6 khoang
5.724 SV ap dl,lng theo hinh thLtc nh?p khau djch VIJ
GD£lH nay. Theo thong tin tLJ'B9 GD-£lT, hi$n nl16t . ca
a
c6 17 truO'ng DH v6'i 66 trung tam 63 tlnh, thanh
pho c6 chvang trinh dao tq..o theo phllO'ng thl.fc ti/ xa
va trong 15 nam (1994-2009) da c6 159,957 ngvO'i
da tot nghi$p, so hQC vien dang theo h9c la 232.000
nglfO'i, hQC vien hQC tlr xa akhu VlfC phia B~c, Tay
Nguyen, vung sau, vung xa, Dong bang .song Cw
* Khoa Chinh sach giao d~c va so sanh, Truong D~i h9c Tong h~p Hlill
nghj cac dan t9c Nga - Lien bang Nga
.T~p chi Giao dye so 302 Is
 Long chie~ khoang 30% , so hQC vien dang theo hQc
chu yeu lam trong ca quan, xi nghi~ va ca so kinh
doanh chiem 60-70% , hQC vien chu yeu theo nganh
slf phcµn, kinh doanh, tai chinh, di~n til, tin hQC, lu?t...
- Theo phllo'ng thtic 3: Hi?n di?n thl!O'ng m~i.
Nh?p khau theo di~n lien ket DT: thOi gian qua, nhieu
truong DH Vi$t Nam da chu d¢ng hQ'p tac v&i nhieu
truong DH tren the gi6i, hi$n da c6 70 truang DH Vi~t
Nam lien ket DT v6i gan 100 truang DH cua 25 nlf6'c
(Trung Quoc, Hoa Ki, Anh , DLtc, Phap, New Zealand,
Australia, Hungary, Singapore, Sec, Nga, Nh?t, Phan
Lan, Ha Lan , Thai Lan, Lao, Han au&, Bl, CanaC!a,
Malaysia, Philippines, Na Uy, Dan M9Ch, Italia), 2
vung lanh tho (E>ru Loan, Hong Kong) v6i 205 chlfang
trinh dlfQ'C lien ket trong nam 2012. Cac chlfang trinh
lien ket chu yeu thUQC cac finh Vl!C Cong ngh~ thong
tirt, vi~n thong, hqp tac quoc te, kinh te, tai chinh,
thlfang mq.i, y te, GD , mithu?t...
£)9i di~n thlfang m9i 0 nlf6'c ngoai de cung cap
djch v1=1, thanh l?p ca so GDDH 100% v6n nlf6'c ngoai
va hqp tac. Sau 2009, cam ket gifra Vi~t Nam - WTO
c6 hi$u ll/c, Vi~t Nam hi$n da c6 E>H AMIT: dau tlf
44,1 tri~u USO; DH Anh: 15,481 tri~u USO; TrltO'ng
Ct> quoc te Kent: 1 tri$u USO; Ct> quoc te Cetana
PSB lntelilis: 2,8 tri~u USO; Truong E>H American
' Pacific University APU: 21 tri~u USO; E>H Vi~t-Phap:
khoang 190 tri$u USO; Vi$t -DU'c: khoang 180 tri$u
USO; Vi~t - Anh: 100 tri~u USO; MT - Thai Binh
Dlfang: 100 tri$u USO; Vi~t - Nga va m¢t so ca so
GD dau tll nho le khac ... (1 ).
2) Xuat khau GDfJH Vi~t Nam: E>oi chieu ca
4 phlfang thvc da neu, hi~n tq.i GDE>H Vi~t Nam
chlfa dq.t ket qua dang ke; phlfang tht.fc 2 (Tieu
thl/ ngoai lanh tho) va phltang thvc 4 (Hi?n di?n
cua the' nhan) dq.t dlfQ'C mQt SO ket qua dang ke,
nhlfng SO VOi cac nlfOC trong khu Vl/C Va tren the
gi6'i v~n con rat khiem ton. (xem bieu do)
Theo so li~u thong ke chlfa day du ve xuat khau
phlfang thU'c 2, hi~n nay, Vi~t Nam c6 gan 10.000
sv mr6'c ngoai dang hqc tq.i cac trlfang 8H, CE>, so
v6i Australia la 203.324; Trung quoc c6 260.000 LHS
va Trung Quoc dang phan dau den nam 2020 tang
len 500.000 LHS thi Viet Nam con rat xa.
Theo ket qua khao· sat tq.i 35 ca so GDD H Vi~t
Nam (nam 2011) ve so llfQ'ng LHS nlf6'c ngoai den
Vi~t Nam h9c t?p tv 2008-2012, c6 tong so 2701
LHS dang theo hqc tq.i 35 ca so GDDH cua Vi$t
Nam, binh quan c6 77,2 LHS/1 ca so (trong so
d6 c6 1773 LHS/25 ca so khu Vl/C Ha NQi, binh
quan 71 LHS/1 trltO'ng); 101 lHS/3 ca so khu vlfc
10 IT~P ~hi Giao dye so 302
TP . Ho Chi Minh, binh quan c6 34 LHS/1 trlfong);
827 LHS/6 ca so thu<)c cac dja phltang, binh quan
c6 138 LHS/trlfong); so LHS den tq.i 19 nl16'c gom:
Lao: 1018; Campuchia: 440; Trung Quoc: 713; Han
Ouoc: 79; Thai Lan: 31; Mong Co: 21 : Phap: 13;
Turkmenistan: 7; Mozambique: 5; Nga: 1; Canada:
1; Hoa Ki: 1; Trieu Tien: 2; Malaysia: 2; Australia:
1; An 8<): 2; Tho NhT Ki: 2; Ucraina: 2; Maroc: 2
(trong so nay kh6ng c6 so li$u Cl,I the ve 350 LHS
thUQC f)H Ngoq.i giao) . Di$n hQC bong LHS dang
theo hQc gom: hi?p djnh giOa hai chfnh phu la 1000
LHS, hqp tac song phl!O'ng (gilia cac tlnh , thanh
va
pho cac ca so GD ...) la: 495 LH s; ti/ tuc ·cac di?n
hQc b6ng khac la: 1106 LHS; Cac chuyen nganh
LHS quoc te den VN hQc hi$n c6 tren 50 chuyen
nganh khac nhau (thu¢c 3 rinh vlfc chuyen nganh
van h6a, GD, y te, the thao va du ljch; kinh te, thlfang
m9i, tai chinh, ngan hang va cac chuyen nganl:i ve
rinh Vl/C kT thu~t...) (2).
Xuat khau theo phltang thU'c 4: Hi?n di?n cua
the' nhfln. Hi$n nay, chlfa c6 so li$u chinh xac ve
so GV cua, Vi$t Nam tham gia giang d9y tq.i cac ca
so GD8H tren the gi&i. Tuy nhien, nam 2009 , m(>t
nh6m tac gia da tien hanh khao sat tq.i 82 ca so
GD8H/ca nlf&c va c6 45% so ca so dltac khao sat
phan hoi, qua thong ke hi~n c6 77 GV, c~n b¢ dang
tham gia giang dq.y tq.i nlfOC ngoai, trong SO nay CO
19 GV (chiem 24,7%) di dq.y theo di$n hi$p djnh ki
ket; 27 GV (chiem 35,1%) di theo di./ an cua trlfO'ng;
46 GV (chiem 59,7%) do cac truang nlf6'c ngoai
m&i giang, cac GV di thlnh giang tq.i nlf6'c ngoai chu
yeu den cac nlf&c thu¢c chau MT, chau Au , chau
Uc, ngoai ra con m¢t so LHS cua Vi~t Nam ra nlf6'c
ngoai hqc t?p tq.i cac nu&c Nh?t Ban, Han Quoc,
Singapore, Trung Quoc va nhieu mr6'c khac tren
the gi6'i, sau kh i tot nghi$p dltQ'C cac ca SO mai 0 lq.i
tham gia giang dq.y ...
so
3. MQt giai phap cha vi~c xuat • nh~p kh~u
djch v~ GDE>H trong thai gian t6i
TU' thl/C trq.ng da phan tich tren, chung toi de xuat
m(>t so giai phap c1.,1 the giup GDDH Vi~t Nam nang
cao chat lvqng DT, dap U'ng nhu cau xa hQi va tham
gia mq.nh me hO'n vao th i trlf&ng xuat khau djch v~
GD8H khu Vl/C va the gi6i:
· Xay dl.fng chien luqc h<)i nh?p qu6c te, nang cao
nang 11/C hQ'p tac va SltC cq.nh tranh cua GD8H Vi~t
Nam , thlfc hi~n cac hi~p djnh va cam ket quoc te;
chien llfQ'C xuat • nh?p khau djch Vl,I GD8Hcho ng~n
hq.n va dai hq.n.
(Xem tiep trang 15)
(ki 2 -1 /2013)
 li$u, quy djnh cac chuyen de can phai hQC t?p, nghien
cvu de HT dang ki thl!C hi$n; trong cac nam hQC t6
cht'.rc cac hqi nghj, hqi thao chuyen de ve OLG O; g~n
ket qua EH, tl! hQc, tl! 80 vao nqi dung danh gia thi
dua khen thllOng hang nam de t?O them dQng ll!C
tl! hQC, tl! nghien CltU cho can b9. Sil d1,mg m9t phan
kinh phi ho trQ' cho ho?t dqng tl! EH, BO nhll: tai li$u,
nghien Clru dieu tra Xa hQi hQC ...
***
Xu hu&ng doi m6'i OLGD hi$n nay la tlf chu va tlf
chiu trach nhi~m. cac giai phap doi m6'i, nang cpo
chat lllQ'ng EH, SD, khuyen khich tt!EH, 80 doi v6'i
o
HT va can bQ ke c?n vCra trinh bay tren la can thiet
va c6 tinh kha thi cao. Tuy nhien, cac giai phap nh~m
phat trien d¢i ngu HT truang TH PT cong l?p tlnh Phu
ThQ den nam 2020 can dllqc thl!C hi$n dong bQ m6i
phat huy hi~u ·qua g6p phan nang cao chat luqng
GD THPT n6i chung otinh Phu Th9. D
Tai lif u tham khlio
I. Ban Bf thu Trung 11CYJ1g Dang. Chi thj so' 40- CTI
Xuat • nh~p khau dlCh VI) giao dl)C ...
·.,
(Tiep theo trang 10)
- Trien khai vi~c d?Y va hQC b~ng tieng nl16'c
ngoai, tru6'c m~t la b~ng tieng Anh; nang cao chat
lllQ'ng cac chllO'ng trlnh EH va nghien cw co kha
nang thu hut ngllO'i nu6'c ngoai; tiep thu c6 ch9n l9c
cac chllang trinh EH lien lien cua the gi6'i; d?t dllqc
thoa thu?n ve lllO'ng dllO'ng van b~ng, chllO'ng trinh
BT v6'i cac CO' so GO£lH tren the gi6'i; khuyen khich
cac hlnh thLi'c lien ket EH chat luqng cao, trao doi
GV, chuyen gia v&i nu&c ngoai; khuyen khich GV la
o
ngllO'i Vi~t Nam nu6'c ngoai tham gia giang d?Y t?i
Vi~t Nam; tang solllqng LHS nll&c ngoai tcµ Vi~t Nam.
Khuyen khich du hQC t?i cho; co CO' che tll van va
quan Ii thich hQP gi(.p SV Vi$t Nam du hQC djnh hll&ng
nganh nghe,ll!a chQn truang va hQC t@ c6 chat lllqng,
d?t hi$u qua cao.
- Sam trien khai Lu~t GDE>H (08/2012/QH13,
ngay 18/6/2012) vao CUQc song, d?c bi$t, CIJ the hoa
nhling n9i dung duqc ghi t~i tCr dieu 43-46, chuang
VI (ho?t d9ng hqp tac quoc te), Lu~t GDE>H.
- Tao ca che va dieu kien thuan lai de cac nha
dau tll,· cac ca so GD£lH c6 uy ti~ tre.n the gi6'i ma
sa
ca GD£lH quoc te t~i Vi$! Nam ho?c lien ket £lT
v&i cac CO' soGD£lH Vi~! Nam.
sa
-Tiep tl,JC giao quyen ll! chu'cho cac ca GD£lH
(kl2 --1 /2013)
TW ngiiy 1510612004 cua Ban Bi thu Trung uang
Dang v€ vi~c Xay di,mg, nang cao chdt lu(J'ng d9i ngii.
nhil giao va can b9 quizn Li giao d1,1.c ban hiinh kem
theo Quyet djnh so' 09/QD - TTg ngiiy 1110112005
cua Thii tuang Chinh phu, 2004.
2. BO GD-DT. Thang tu so'2912009/TT-BGDDT ngiiy
2211012009 ciia B9 GD-DT quy djnh Chudn hi¢u
truong truong trung h(Jc ph6 th6ng ca so, trung h(Jc
ph6 thong va truong phtf th6ng c6 nhiJu cttp h(Jc,
2009.
3. UBND tlnh Phu ThQ. Quyet djnh s6 2641/QD-
UBND ngay 101912009 cua UBND tinh Phu Th9 vJ
quy djnh nuec hO rw doi vai ngu&i di h(Jc, 2009.
SUMMARY
To develop a principal team of Public High School
in Phu Tho province in order to meet the require-
ments of the education and training, the Department
of Education and Training has implemented many
solutions including training and fostering the princi-
pal team of the high school. However, this solution is
still face many limitations, hence It should be changed
for more effectiveness and feasibility solutions.
de chu dQng hO'n trong van de h9i nh?p qu6c te, nang
cao ca so v?t chat; c6 chien lllqc £lT nang cao trlnh
d9 cha d9i ngu can b9 quan Ii GV va de ra cac chinh
sach !hU hut CclC nha khoa hQC phl,JC VIJ lau dai trong
cac CO' so GD£lH, t?O m6i trllO'ng C?nh tranh lanh
m?nh cho cac CO' so GO£lH trong nll&c va quoc te
t?i Vi~t Nam. ·
- Thanh l?p van phong d~i di~n CO' so GDB H cua
o
Vi~t Nam nll&c ngoai. D
(I) (2) BC> GD-DT. Bao cao h9i nght t6"ng ktt JO ndm
diio ti;io can b9 nuac ngoai bdng ngan sach nha nuac.
2010.
Tai lif u th am khlio
1. BO GD-DT. 50 nam phat tri~n S\f nghi~p giao dl}c
va dao ti;to. NXB Gido d1,1.c, H. 1995.
SUMMARY
More than 20 years ofinnovation and 10 years of ·
education development strategy, higher education in
Vietnam has achieved great progress in terms of size,
diversity of types of schools, training forms, step by
step supply high-quality workforce.In the context of
integration, the export or import of education are
highly effective for the development of the intellec-
tual resources of the country. The paper analyzes soine
of the outline of the import and export situation of
higher education of our country Jn 10 years.
T~p chi Giao dye .so 302 I 1s