Cell- Latin word- Cellula

l h a is cel Means LuHle Room

-Cell is the shructnal ancd funchonal uni
o a uwnq o7sanism

DisCoveu op Cell
- I666
RobetHodke
Actually obsenwed deacd eel
-

Compatment
H o n e 4 Comb like
slice op coTk- cel-walu
Cojned ta texmcel ackually ik waM

He Wrote A BooK MiCTO-CTaphiq

D I S Covety op Living cell

Antony Von eeuwenhoek- 1634

Bacteua-Taxtan of Teek
-First obse>ve-
-

He also obseved Spezm

Erthocute -Rec]
Proto30a

BaAic component op ceu

Eu
Al Cel Must have 3- Basie_COmponents pro-

enehc Nateial Plasma

Nembra
- Coveung
enthe Membyane
p l a A m a Membrane
R MalHen (3 Cutoplam ( Cytopla

cypeesm Above three panba

Genehe
1f lk VNatehia
anR present hen
Nok A cell.
ccell it a ce
IS
VIRUS
cls-DNA
ecausc Cytoplasm e can

is Absent
 ife sUence
Cell-TheoTY Study
Plant
Schleiden (Botany)- 1338AIl plandg Nadu frony cely.
&odH
Schwann 200logy)- 1839:9Al anmo Nas (ron cel
Study
op
Animad
The (Combinec staBemenf cauad aa (ce theD
bur The NeNISNo able to explaun that HoNeuW Ceu
Fo mec
How NeD cells comes- d4 was Late v e by
IN Eistence Comes
NeLo telds
Rokben Rudolf Vichou w
From pree1shd
celly
He modiied a ceu TheDT
is Knoo Callecd As
The Mocliliee c ell Theory
Hoden cel heory
OY
Cell pmneiple
Sfatements op Moclezn cell The0T
O Body ofr a uvinq organism is Nads op of cells
is du to Nehubolic
Th functuon of anorsanism
achvhy Of cell
cells
comes from pre-exis hng
u Neo celu
Veho
bOmis cellul4 e-cellul
lne New
ol
c e fm cel
C
hcrf cell-tneag

Syeven by
Robert-vchouo
L

oleak
 Cell-613e tissu O7 an1570
Cello anu of dulfounf size for difenent
010-5 4m
Smaat cell PPL0
plewd PPLO
IS Also Knouon
pneumoni as Mycoplasmme

Like
Orsanis

Lalyestesr ce (Sge-(volune
Tagest
Peaneeeplan't ceu
Anigd cedD
Acetabulaniq
egq ofOshich
U h n A uni-cellulah

lga

Longes_cell (le)

Lorgnimal ce
Longstplant eel
NeAve cel Neuhon
Hemp Up- meteh
Phloem
fubre

shope OF cel
DIcoicd/soxuceyshapee
RBC

Amoebotd
Neve cell j
3 Elongahd/ dranl
STmoolk NAca Cell
4spindle shabed-
Broad at eenhes pointed at o t end ]
 on ke eabIS OP
ypes of 0Tganism
Numbe op cel.

Uni-cellulah n l h e n body of organism Made u

of only one eell. Amoebg
Bacteia
Mulh-cellulaz lhen body of organusm
Ts Made from hany cell

= All plan gnd Animals.

ypes of cell:
1k Bans
Theu a u two types op eel on
Nueleu
Of pyesenci and Absena o

PrOKayohc e e
Eukaiyofie eel
- Eu ru
PTO-Pnmitive
OY
Kauyon Nudeu
nthia
Ka Dnz Nucleuus
cell wilh
TRUE Nueleus
eel oltk pnm1hire S Euaryohe
Hucles a called
prokaYotic ceu cel.

DeHenenc Betvoeen prokaohc and Eukayohic

CeN Cellu
ProKayohc ceu Eukaly Ohic eel
Present+
.Nueleus Absent
present
2.CelL.oYGanelles Absen
Membyane bound
+0S-Type. 80S Hpe.
3. Ribosome
double Sh anded clouble shande
neaa DNA
4Genehic Hateucl { Creula DNA
5 Ceu si2 Smal LaAe
Unts op Measwement used th bidlogu d - alpha
B Beka
mm |0-3 m. Y= gama

Milli Mu
ICYO melre 1 m Io"m. = lembda

Nano mehe i nM 10m. 9 Theta

1A Io-lm.
Angushson IT= Pie
Pic& mese3 1 pm ») 1012 m
Feami
EEta

A° 10nm ]

014anisn
level of o1ganisatton ih living Body
of

unit
GSmallest level) TOU

10up Organ
cell q7 Tissue Tiss
0TQan
System
cel
2 geshire
s's em
LouDedr lee
roup OF
OTaanism
Dan and
/Hhughesr organssem
leve

bet0een plant eell an Animal celt4

98> DiHerence
Plant cel Animal ceu
Absent
Cell- wal present

(plastid s) Absent
Chloroplast
» Presen
. 4nd Absent or 2Negligble
> present veny smas T
Vaauoles
veniy Lane
Absent
present.
Cen Cen rosom e 5
alhat is P10toplasm_
A I Iivinq mateual present IN C Ce
Protoplam Tosathn 1s called protoplasm
TeAm 9ven cell wall Non-Iiving
by
Plasma-membane
ttvin
PURKinje Cytoplgsm -(livinq
uele-(1uvin9 3

LIvins content P.M + Cytoplasm+ Nucleus

PM+Cyfoplasm tNuclew
2. P r o t o p l a a m
protoplasm=
Ceu-eeJl-wau

LCell

Covenins op ee Nuclew
CUHO plasm
sCell-wall
Plasma-membyane
flud Sruets
pa OTeset
Cytoplasm
CytosolL
Cell-OTganelles
oates
DISSolvec-10n

lisstlved:
Protein

ucose
 eell- wall
presenF
protechve Hand covening
Out sele op plasma- membrane
IS calle c ceU wal
Psuedo-muun
C e l l wall bt Archae bacterua
=

2Cell oall op Bactehlg Murin or pG

pephicdo glyean
wall of FUNGI Chitn (cnn&ta)
3.- Cell
all oF Aae eellulos
ecllulos
4. Cell =>
cellulose
Cellulose
wall oP Plant Hemi-cellulbse

5-Cell1

(AbsentJ
Pechn
Cell wall oF An1malz
6
Plant-cell-wall -

p l a n t cell was1
1s Maole of Mcauny
Hemi-cellulose 3-Components
0 cellulose- Fibei
Cellub
PecH (LD He mi -cel|ose
(U pechn
Ca-pectate
1 .

- Cellulose
Hemi-cellulose

Pechin

Propeaty of cell-wal
Shachuus
Poraus., Rigid,thick
>noniVine
iN Cel-wau:of plant
>Laayer s pTesent
Mickl Lamella
Pmmay-cell-wall
cell Cei seconclasy eeal-Wall
A

Made of
Midde lameHa aet eementins layen Caandand Ng
TBehieem ceu-waly d 2 Adhacënt celly Pectate
>functon oP cell-Wal
cel
orovide shape and sige to t
proteets cet from ihjuu
and pahogon

Plasma-membranne
Also Knouon as cell Membrant.
Or biologico Mcmbrang.

Chem1 cal's pre sent in plasma membrgn

Maunly 3 Tpes

protein 501
Lipid or FAT 9¥H
> Canbohydrati 3/

pTotcin a op Two Tpe

INTRINS*c Extrinsic
PROTeLnn profein

in 2 Fo0TmS
Lipic-oR FAT AlSO present

Phospholupid choleshrolL

Conbohydratbs 1t is present as oleAosaechaid1e

OLiGHO SAccharide

3-components anA hiansed

in Plasmq. Memb
A. HOD These
is Best explaunec by-
FM Fluid -Nosaic Node

6. Fluid Mosaic Model

was gven by 2 sucntist
Ans SINGER and NicolSon
 Fluid Mosaie Modef

oligo SaeehaExinsic protein

INTRINSIC
PTOFein.

Phospolipial
Bilae

Pluiel Mosaie Mogel^Cholesro

Ice-benss of pruheun
Floahin th sea of Lip1d
PTOtein+ oligo-saeehanida

Calyeo-proteun
Phospholpid + oljo.saechantele

flud palH Calyco-Lipic

Pxoten
lpid
Thin-elashe tayea Membrane

Iypes op psph PMembrane

Solute
Peameable
Solvent Bolk Soluti aro solven
u Allotoee
Exeample eeu-wall
2 semi-permeable
2 solt
Conly sol vent is Allowe
Solvent
XNO Solutiis allouDeef
3
3-3olute A,0, Seehve selechivel
Pemeab ie
Solua an
Solvent n Membrqno
Example P.M
Allouwecd
()TM PeWmeable-Nembrane
Solut
Bok solutt aned solvent
Solrent x
aa NoF ALlouoec
 Plasmamembrane 1s
P e m e a b l e

s e m i - permeable
s e l e c h v e l y penmeable

Im-perieable

lik Membranouslivin.
Ihin, elashis, semi-Pluud prebenf
.
Selchvely pemeable
S éoveLn
l Bounelay
In ceul. V that fovms is
cel- organels
Of Ceu anc
calle Plasm-membr nt

Membrane- Transpor

Passive Transporl Bulk

Achive Trans pott NNo ansp
No-eenengy oY ATP
ATP 1 Requ
fo Transport. ToansP0%F

Ex am ple of
Passive T qn spout
CID2Pfusjon

u OSmosr's

faceilitatecolfusjon.

of substanca
. Diusion Movemenf
eoncenra tuon
FYom Ht1gher
To lover concenhraton .
1 Cclleed diffusidn

wate OR solvent
OSmosiS Novemenf of
concenratton
fsom its Higher
locoa Concenhsatlon
to b
Throah Sem-peameable memboqng
e l l a c osmosis.
 ypes Of Osmusis
OSmosts is OF Two TyPes.

Exo-Osmosis
Enelo smosis xO= Out side
Endo IN Side

low
Lowe
Hishe. Outs lcl
INSIdle OF I c e l
he ce
Movement of wate
a t e into ke cell
Movetep p From
Out
is callee 1s callecd
Exosmos is
The ceu
enclo- 9Smost

Transport proteAn

Facil1tateel elaffus1on NTRINSEC

poen

Poae
Pore 1s
Absen
presen

Carne
Channe protel
i e Simple roeln
dffusio0

Through
e Heflp op
clifusion
ocews ol ffusion
eluffusio)
Wlhen tmat pe of
proiein
.

INTRINSIe

Facilitotec
dffusion.
callec
Is
 AeTIVe Transpov NTRINSTC

channe Carrle
proleih Proten

ATP

qeos AerOss ttL

Transpost of Matesia
Plasma Membrane - AgaishttL
Agaunst keConeenhafhon qradliena
U (Concertrahårpli feronce)
Aclinosine
Tri From low to Hiah conceratr
Phosphat
Wilk It USe of ATP

Achve PassiveTFransprt
Transport Hhigh to low
Low to Hi_H
ATP Not Useo
ATPATP IS Useo
Trans port
Example Of Achive
Na-K Pump

Bulk
3ulk Trans poT Molecule
Loug S138
The Transport Of Membrane
Ha plasmg
BTeakins
CPMe
Reunto
Brcains
gd
Reunion
P-M
MaHer
Ente
EndocytoSIS Enyof Maenal
fom butsidi
Into Ita Cel.
Malh op Mateual
ëxocytos1s - Exit
Out from fta
-Et
eey
 Brakihq and
Bulk Transport Reunion oF P-M

2TyPes
Exocytosis
Encdocytosis
Ceu
Ceu

INTAKe INTAKG
op Solid &
liquiel MaHe
Malter
-PM
( PM cell

- PhagoCytosis PInocytosis
Soliel Fooe INTAKE OF Liquuc Fooo
Intake or
OR Cell- dsinking
Cell-eating.
Inake GoF
cel
- Soliel Fooc Eahing
Phaso e4tosis
o o d e l l d r i n k i ng
LntaeF
of
lqud
Pano eyto s1s

of EndocyBosis
ancl P[nocytosi's au2Type
Phagoeyto sis
LARUE Molecule

$maly
Small
Hchae LaN
Exo
oR
ATP
PM
enelo BUIkyJ
AeHve
fau ltakq Transpor
Bulk Transpo
Simple oltfusinm
elHusion
Inkake Ends EXO x i k
Soltgo
Phdso Pih
 Cell- 0rganelles
C Mem brane Boundl
specia shrueruus ' s
present h cyfoplasm 7 callad
ceu
To Peform speuo{?OvaAcly
functon
Cytoplasm
Mucle

Membrane boun cel

au.present iN%£ukahyohic
c e l l orsanelles

bouncd eell orsunelles anu Absent in C

Membrane
A Prokayotie cel
ani present dotk th
Whieh eel oTSanelles
.
Cykayotès and prokayotes
=Ribosome

Two 22 Mitoghoneriq | 2
couble Membra
chlofoplas Membran
cetl organelle
V Centwosomeob
Hembrane orsancle 2=>| Membra
Netebrare-les s Ribósome
oR Membrane

Cell orsanelles
wlk
OF

membrane
au SIngle holg-complex.
Rest all
bound cel oTsanelles
E-R
lysosomne
Vacuole
peroxisome.
 Mitochondriq
Mitochondria oliscovesed by s KoLulKER

Mituchondriq au couble -Membrane boun

Cell a nelles.
Outer Membrane

Inneh Membrahe

CrIstae
DNA Finge like profechon
Ribo som&
Matrix

functhon of Mitoehondriq
oP Aebbic RespIratoN
Site
Mitochondug INVolve pTOcluchon
in of ATP.
eell
Hence They a u Ccalleel pouder HoUse oF
LMitochondria

PLASTIDS-
el pres ent IN PLANT CEL
Pla shds
-plashicds au op 3 Types

eolown-less
Colourece
yreen plastiols Plashds
Plashids
Leycoplask
Chromoplast
chloToplast

Plashids
(U Chloro- STeen All FORM Of
Can-Jnter-chanse
eythro- Red
Kanlho -qelloto
Cae lue .
Cyand
INtatw » Pesent
Mammaluan
RDC
o
Chlovoplast> Green plashil
Natu
Mammaliab O u f e rM e m b r a e

ROC ABsent I n n e hM c m b r a n e

DMA

yTana STROMA

FluidMabix op
chloroplask
Rftbosom.c
rana 3 Made uup of Thyla kotds

PLsmentnsle
Chloph!!

Thylakolo
IN hylalkoid
p2gments
au present
chlorophyll

unchon OF Chloroplas

0 rap1ns sun lighk tor phobsynhesis.

prDduchon FOOd thetfore chloroplast is ealled
KItchen of hcell

3 pnduchwn oF OXena

Photpsynhests
teps bof
Step-
DARK-Reachon
Stp-Olight Reacho)
D ARK Reachon
Lught Reaction decs th shromg
Otcws in arana
 Endoplasmic- Rehiculum

discovey pORTER
Rehiculum
endopladimrc
Fovmaton op Nuclea
extensIón oF outer
Membran
FROM

NNERMembrane
Muclcu
2-Endoplasmie
E Rehiculum

Number_ op Membrane in Endoplasmic:

S i n s l e Membrdni

Rehculum
Tapes Of enco plaAmic

2 Type

Rough Endo plasm1c

Smoolk Encdoplabmic Reheulum
Rehiculum
RER
SER o o a g Ribosom e

is pyesent
AbsentoR1bosome
is
o-Ribosome op Proteih
I s y n h e s i s op Proteh
syn'hesI5
of Lipid
SynSyn thesis
Endoplamic
Rehiculum (ER)
funchon
O RER- protetin synhesiIs
SER lipid synhesis
Also associatecl wlk
sER SER
detoxficaton op poisbn an drugj

(Remova o Tokin)
 Cnolgi.com plex
OR
nolgr Body

- DIsCovehud by Camillo olai

Cablsy -Bocly in plant i's ealled DicHyosome
Simgle Membrane bouno oTCAncll
eisteRM
hols
Complex C Tubule
Vacuole

vesicles

funehon of holgi-compiex
a) Cell-secrethon
of Lysosome
(23 FoTmatlon
ive Enzymes
Storage of eliges
131 op
T41 Sife for producho)
glycolipic and gycoproBeun's

Lysosome Small baglike shrucku

DISCoveuel by Hydrolyhie Enayme

De- DUve

cu
involved cligestion deacd-celI
O T S a n e u s -

usome
ce
Some ime lys0some Also deshroy
they a n pPresent
IN Which
is called suicidal Baq"
Thea for Lysosome
Cey
-lysbsome {E}-X
BRUSTN t disuchon
OP celu
Lysosome
 Ribosome
DISCOvehta by Palade
Smallest eel orsanelle is Ribosome
Ribosomes Haa No membYane
Mambrane less cell oraanellej
Hence callec
, cel
Ribosomes au present in All type of Living
prokay ohc cely
Eukanyo h cel
Ribosome Founcl
Not iN VRUS e y e n insiole chloroplas
and
Mitochondriq

Ty pe op Ribosomne
Ribosomes atl oF 2Type

tOS TyPe 80s Type

RabbD
-RibDsome S SVeclbesgs unit
Heayy 8os Sedimentaton-eoefhicienk

Seeliments ( S c i e n h s

Ribosome ahu
Made up of
-Each Type op
2 Sub -units 80S

RNA +os
60S
50s age-subun1k
3Types
Small sub-unik-f5 40s

m-RNR t-RNA Y-RNA 30S

RNA 80s6oS+4DS
Messengeh
m-RNA =
tos 505+30
TransfX RNA
t- RNA
Ribosomal RNA
RNA
h-
=
Ribosome
ProfeiN Syn thesis
.

m-RNA

CRER
is called Protei Factory of tke ceu
)RibosOme
 t0s Ribosome is present iN
A I prdkanyohc cey
6 M1tochonua or Eu katyoht celu

Chloroplast Plant cet

op
All op ke Above
a
Prokanoha

of Eukaruphe cetl onl

8-8os = Present j cytoplasm EuKanyoh
Cel

60s T
Nudeu

LVaern] Vacuole
7
Membrane of Vaeuole
S Callec.

Tono plas ToNOPLAST

SAP f l u i d present tNSido
T h vaeeAble
is called

S AP

store
Storase of Foo
Storage of 1on's
stonase of wcatez

bwase Mateual
- Storasi of
-Regulaton - Regulatuon of olalanca
OSmo Beheen 1on-Wcten
Comcensatön. oFCel
Cenro some
cenmole pyesent at 90
Contauns 2
Prolein tibes
eenmole
ASTRAL
RAY
Cenms6me

Membrane lesscell orsanelles

a u preseNt only
inu Animal cey
Cenhosome

Jt is Absent IN PlANT Cel

Functuon of eenrosome

cell-div1sion ih Animal cel

- + Helps in