MID TERM EXAMINA TION: ODD 3 EMESTER

2.02 - 2021

NAME AsHRITHA KorTe

ROLL No: 20165014
CoURSE Biolbqy [BL -

lo1

SECTION A:

00 Ansuoer
tar Kinsons disease is a brain disoader thaf lenels to &haking
SSEness and dilliteulhy oi oalking, balance and o-ordin
a hon
The Maln Partinson's s the levo dopa.
heraplfo
also called L-dopa 9ntoa jejunal levodopa ifusion and
of leyodopa Ave thoo &uch dechnigues
Covenhayal oval dherap
okeodopa terapg. eobol
make olopamine to plenish
Nerye cell use kevodopa to
is usually eonsumed
the brain doinding Supply le vodopa
oher Side
whith pcYenk the
along oih cadbidopa
3uch as nausea Vomithng
edfecls tlevodopa theaapy
Duo blood poessuae andl restesshesk

Jndrayjunal levodopa 9nfusion Technigue:Duopa

Sndoa jejuna levodopa dnlusion Techniguelor Duo pa
is a fovm of Coy bilopal tevodopa deliveved ingel for m
called efernal suspendion - a her hon a pill.

Befoye n7d jyunal levodopa Jnfu sion Technigue, you nee

Suge to mate a Small hole I called Stoma Youy

3tomach joall to place a hubein you he

nteshne A pump
Intes hne thvugh his
intp
then delivers he erugg elinecty
ube
Theve aye three Compontnts in
intaajeuna leVocdopa
inkasion dechnique
YE Tube his it how Medica hont Ao into the body
T

dineyt the indeshne

6Cassebte The dascelfe containt the gel 0a bidepa| Tevodopa
A heuo castelte mus e sed oloily
Duopa PUmp The pump s Spe ei hcally p?
oqaammed oy
indivielual nedsThe helps in
Regula hng the
&uanhly bv the Amound ol lote neede ol y he
pa hent

AdNonHag o indoa-jejunal levodopa Hechnigue over

ConVenhal 07al heap o leYo clo pa

provieler a Conhnous inkution over l6 hours o

carbidopa -levpeopa therapy to the SmallinteBtine
6Redutes te fluchua hons of carbidopa- levpalopa level
n the tblood sre am. that may be experiented oith

Cra Meolita hone

Cc) mplroVes the daily "en anel off bmes Lompazed t
herapy tf levoclopa

The degvet of improVementin obme vivals

tha koith deep baaln 8hnmula hon ldBS

Seen
A Suagieal brocedute in whith a deviee is implanted
n he pa hent t dehive eleckrical pulses to brain
to elerrease Metor Symtom s
uopa] Redueshe ombund of Kevodeopa pills on individlu
eels do take ,and can be a good bphon or those
netds
oit sfoou ble 8wallooing

9n the Con yenhond oral erapy ol kevodopa.the pafiens

ae a.clhvlsed t tate meelicabontn the torm of pills
Usually 8 to 4 hmes a day. tnehe levo dopan help
beley ohen the clrug te teeled into the olooo 81reom
tme to hme as a constant Rate+ The oval therapy of
levodopa is less pre-dfeved han the intoajejunal infusion thevapy
 LIVER

STO MACH

LARGE INTESTINE

-TEG T TOBE
PUMP

--CASSETTE
SMALL INTESTINE
INTRA TETONAL LENODOPA
INFUSION

Ansuwer!
Dry dehivevy to e brain is he process pl paecing hevapeu hcally
ach've Molecule acToss The blood'. brain baiey toy the
ol docahn9 baain malardie
pu poce
The blood brain barbier s fosmed by a special hht junch
endothelial e ellc lining brain bloocl Vesselo
betioeen the monolayer of endotelia
contain 1his
o all hesues9
Blood Nesselc cells Aave
brain etth endo thelial
eells. HoweVer only
passive
diffussion o most Subctancec
preVen hng
hghd junchons
int he brain bssue
beween the endoRelial eelle
Due t he hgh jun cho ns
paracellulav aanspord is Seterky Severely estricfed

Mefebolie nudaient and othey escen bal Mo/ecules u chas

carbon dioxicle and some lipiel soluble
lutose oxygen and
luminal
Molerules ave achvely doanspo ted across the
07 Mediated toanspbrf
pumpt
Membaanes by c hannelc,
Systemt
the gelechve permeabili'ty remaing the major
They edore
tyeadment of many eenfaa nesvoue
Toa block t
em di'seaseg and disorde tr
 blood
bgh junehon,

BMEC

adheren4
brain junchont

BMEC: Boain MicvoVasulor encdo thelid( oells

3 Ancoe
There dre four types 0 animal hssues, They are

EpitRelhal hue: 0
sues om the profeehye coveving ancl inney
Epihelial
ining o! he body ogant
Mesoderm andl endoderm
Thect develop from ectodlerm, hasues on,the Surfase of
skin.
othe embryo duels
ogant, body Covih'es and
hollouo
Connethe besue
Meso demal cells of
Connechve bseue develop rom the
he embaye. they Suppoy antl bind bhey bseues in
Made Ot 3 Componente .:.In1raceluloy
the body. they are
Matrlx e ellt, Frbaeg
erue
tgethr, þreyenf tns
they attach ovgans on d
rem Mechonical sherk
hssue
Skelefal hssue, Nasulay ssueConnethve
phoptrbones, bloe d]

) Mustuloy Besue:
The 1muSuu lar becue develops drom the Mesodesm ol
he embyo 34 ie dlacti bed into 3type Smbb th,
basues.
loreliac anel Reletal tMusular
bohed gnd
Mustulad etues he p in locemohon, Suppob t

other 84Tuchires ol he bodly

heart andl other Mustula
r

Eq. the Musc

des ol he husd e
h'ssuee
NerNous asue
NerYous ssues make up the pripheral ond the centra
nervDus System
9 elevelopt rom the ectoderm olhe
and fran Smit
embryo, POce
9 ss eoMa the abilihy to inhate
 the neyve impulce
ExampleThe hssue olhe boaine and Nerves

) Ansuoe
A humo str sBarh has a
sipgle oell then 099anige
Remse into called sm
et thaeeeups tayer
the Hree geom layert ave
@ Ectoclesm Eedoclta m oomc the skin and neTVou
b'ssue oYming tRe exoskeleton
6 Mesode i m Mesodexm ovme he Bone. Corklagt. blood
and Musele anel developt into 0ga ns

)Endodem: hasieinteshinal linningis fomed by e

Endoelexm inney ining of he oigant

SECTION B

Ant oes-
A ecue is a group of cellc +hat dunchon gethe to carryout
a 8pecialiged achvi

plant hscue is claesi hecl into

e y Merismahe iseue have
consists pl gvoup ok ells
tha abilihy to divide
permanent Dssue Deived from Meismahe
hecue anel hove lect thein abilily bdiuide
Pe'manent hgsues are again clasciked into Simple ane

CompleX
SImple pev manend hssues inelude)
-

leaves anc
paaenchym4
So4 pask o aplont such as

Plowt
collen chyma : atlluoall, provide Mech
eells hoi hicker
b)
anlca guppord I peliole heleat
of
he hccues d e dead. the
C)Sclerenthyma:Thecelle D hick and
ave
Rigtel tontain
llgnihtd 8econdary wall. Theiy
h
Main func hon is to paovide &treng
anel support the plon.

CompleX pe'vmanent hesue nude

 hollouo nube like struthiye hat help In Condu chng
a)Xylem Minthalt. The Xylem
condluck only
Koate on
in one direchen. .e Verheally
tonduch in boh livechono. 94 ie Rethauel sponob
6)phloem: phloem rom leaves to ofher
fordrantpo bn9 oo
of the plonts
park

EPIDERMIS

xollenchyma
cORTEX
-PiTH
PaTenehymar

VASCOLAR Bb NDLE

YASCULAR BUNDLE

>Xylem
Vas ular Combum
poloem

Bunelle shea h

PERMANENT TI'SCDES OF

THE PLANTS r

nsioe
Metebolites 0re chemita Moleeules procluce by living ogani'k m
Or Hhey ae end and intemediade poodut of Metaboe

yele
paimary tetobolites:. They avt invowed,in nomalgrouoth
and Repyoducho
and in develop ment
cavihy
They hove ho phamaco lbgieal
me
30me Exomples of piimavy Metabolite s are y abbhyoate
Jate and paoteine
Secondavy Metabolites These Metabolites ove nod decy
invohted notmol grewth evelopment
nd Rep1 octuchon .
alkalods
phavmocological achvihy. Some examples
ae 1
have
Thty tannins , Resins qums efc
 ome Dugk Ohi'eh ae Setonda y mefabolites ove Guinine

Malayia penitillin-[Aobbiehe
3) Ansioea
The 6ve Kingdom olacsiheahon ol an obganicm aTt,
(a Moned : he Ovgeniems do not Kave a delailed nuceut

Or 09anelles nor do anty them houo mul6 cellular

hody deslgne. hey &heuo divevtihy bated on many
hes thaxatleret het. Somt of hem hod ell oollt
ADhile Some do no e
They may be autotiopie 0r helrotroplc
tma
baceyio, tynobaeteio,ond my eopla
.

Bomplet
Some o hese
Prohsta unicellar eukaryohe Oaganicmc
0genicms have legella orcillia or moving
around The Nutiben mbde is auto trople
Or heteroropic
Examples algae, dlatoms, profDg0anS Amoeba,
Pdoamecium, tuglena
ungi These ave heterosaophie euharyohe organicms
hey a7e decaylng eganie Mlateridlt asood ond age

theedore called Bepophytes.Eg ganicos, penceillium

Asperg ilus
)plontae ;- Mulhictllulay eukaryefer wih cell oalls They Ose
autorhophs and use chorophylor photogyntheas
All plonk ase inelueled in his hingdo

Ainimaliahese CrganiSme at Muhelulav euka yoBet.

oihou! cell oalle They ane netaortrophe.

Ansorr
Microctopy ic the dechinta ield of uding Mierocceper fo Vieo objeks
and aTea o obju t thal onnod be Ceen oith the naked eye.
robjersthod ase nod oithin the ecolu hon Range of he
adulder-
the Detechon, of
noTmal eye9 s necessay fo and Hhevefore
anes and contaminahts of the
her bal prepaa a hon
acceccing the authen hcihy and
eOCCoPY PaoVides meaneor
Quali of herbal daugk Sine,&hape Relahye poci bon ol dterent
 eelle and hsuee aS well as chemical Nahure, b the cell
during
toal) Micvo se
and he
concider ed
conten H dye
Nahive t cell
fom and
of erudeclreg
pic Analyaic

SECTIONC

led in aa dinny bu bble of

bubble
Answer eated
ie en
en ea
ipide nd,
whiek
you body up
0f
made
kach cell ie
The placma
Membaane

bedoeen
The eell Ond i
Membdne.

ameoble
boaniey
whith ade invo ved
Semi
made a some profeins 0nd
t also has ebmmunicah'op
envioxmenf ond cell
Membaane drantpoat Ond lipid,
the profeins
in which deco date both
cvocs
bohydrafes each ther
cor
Recoghice
6 in Hhe plasma
Kelp cells abundant lipid
phoipholipide
0ve tRe Mort

Membrane moleculet Conkeinint

anshrpfedie amphipa
thit
are
Phosphelipids
yhepho bic
dnel hyeaophilie Regiong
Funchons the boader of
Membsone not only debines
The plasma interatt twih
the eell to
alco alloos
the cell but Controlled oay.
in a
i k envioTment
in
eerete Various subctances
take
cells to they musd ke
4 Relps e
amoun t n adel tion
all in sep: speci6e each other
with
aelle
tommunitcate
able to and sha9in9 indormahon ,

the mselweg
idenhiying
denhéying

)Antoer
Mosoic Model o Membrane gdruehiye Contends that
The ftuicl
Mem branes Consigtof

phocpholipide ond globulov proteins

.

0ve 0n9onged in bilayey and globulay protein

phocpholide
aTe pvesent insepfedin dhe lipid bilaye
cellular Membranes have 4 components-
phopolipld brlayer
9dransmembrahe paot einc

3 inierior profein Nefoos.

cell Suya ce Markers
 phoxpholipiel bllaye d1t fluid
huyrogen bonding of wates hole both he layet togeher
indl widlual phospholiplee ond Unancho d poote int ban move
tinough he membaan
SaBuraled daty auelt make he membrane less fluid hon
umsofurafed atty aide.
the membrane moe fluid hon
o0 mle mptoa huveu mate
Cold tempera h/aee
Ansioer;
he DiRenen ce bedoeen pro karyolie and tukaqohe cell
are

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

Prokanyphe cellt ave

aloaya un iell Eukavyohe ells ov
Eutayotes can
be unicelluler or mulhellulov
1he cell &iges Ranges drom 09um rom lbum - lboum
Sge Ranges
tp um in diameter in diameler
eell wall us uolly poesent; chemie- 9 presen f Eukaryote s ave
ally Complex in Natune chem/cally smple in Nature
Nucleus Absend 8ncfead they Pro Nucleus s pyeien t
anucleoic Region in a cefl
Ribsomes ane pa eSen Sma l er in Ribosomes are Present
size and Spherica in shape. Compara kve ly largi n ge
anct linear in hape
6)ONA arangement - (ireular DNA ATTang emen t linca

Mitochondyia isabsent MitochondTria is pres ent

tuto platm il pretent bul cell org- precend and cell brga nelles ave
nelles ane abtent, pvent
Encloplaomic Rehaulum Absen! Endoplas mic Re healum i precent
(t)plasmide ave presen+ elatmid s ave Yeny Rovely Jound in
Eutavyotet
(0 ell divicion hrough binay cell divicion Is fhmcugh Mitotis
hecion
( ) h e flagela ave Smaller insige . The togeloy aye longe in 9ze .

fs) Repaoduthon Asexua Re paocluchon: Sexualoy

Aexua
Exompke Bacfeia ond Avchaea Example - plantand Anlmal
(14)
cell
4 Ansoe
m incre @sing Oxdey

proton & Hylrogen atom 4 Amino Aaielc prodein HiV

Batdesium Human Red blood eell2 Humancgj t hen's egm