Abutment Type Selection Algorithm

TABLE OF CONTENTS – ABUTMENTS
CHAPTER 17
FILE NO. TITLE DATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS AND INTRODUCTION
17.TOC-1 Table of Contents - Chapter 17 .......................................................... 29Apr2022

17.TOC-2 Table of Contents - Chapter 17 .......................................................... 29Oct2021
17.TOC-3 Table of Contents - Chapter 17 ........................................................... 30Oct2020
17.TOC-5 Table of Contents - Chapter 17 .......................................................... 30Apr2020
17.00-1 Introduction - Chapter 17 .................................................................... 29Oct2021
GENERAL INFORMATION AND SELECTION CRITERIA
17.01-1 Abutment Types .................................................................................. 29Apr2022

17.01-7 Use of MSE Walls and GRS Technology ............................................ 30Apr2020
17.01-8 Supporting Abutment Spread Footings on MSE Walls ....................... 30Apr2019
17.01-9 Abutment Protection and Miscellaneous Requirements ..................... 30Apr2019
17.01-10 General Terminology ........................................................................... 30Apr2019
17.01-11 Abutment Type Selection Criteria........................................................ 30Apr2019
* 17.01-16 Abutment Type Selection Algorithm .................................................... 30Oct2020
17.01-17 General Guidelines and Requirements for Jointless Abutments ........ 30Apr2019
GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
17.02-1 General Information ............................................................................. 29Oct2021

17.02-2 General Information ............................................................................ 18May2016
17.02-3 Geotechnical Design Data Tables ....................................................... 30Oct2020
17.02-4 Architectural Treatment for Abutments ............................................... 31Oct2018
* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11
PART 2
ABUTMENTS DATE: 29Apr2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS – CHAPTER 17 SHEET 1 of 8
FILE NO. 17.TOC-1
CHAPTER 17
FILE NO. TITLE DATE
GENERAL ABUTMENT DETAILS
17.03-1 Abutment Neat Component Details - Backwall Clearances

for Beams/Girders ............................................................................... 06Feb2012
17.03-2 Abutment Neat Component Details - Stem and Seat/Pad Details ...... 06Feb2012
17.03-3 Abutment Neat Component Details - Seat/Pad Details ...................... 30Apr2020
17.03-4 Abutment Neat Component Details - Seat/Pad and Wash Details ..... 30Apr2020
17.03-5 Anchor Bolt Layout Details ................................................................... 27Jul2017
17.03-6 Abutment U-Back Wingwall Details - Heights ≤ 10’-3” ........................ 06Feb2012
17.03-7 Abutment U-Back Wingwall Details - Heights > 10’-3” ........................ 06Feb2012
17.03-8 Abutment Elephant Ear Wingwall Details ............................................ 06Feb2012
17.03-9 Abutment Elephant Ear Wingwall Details ............................................ 06Feb2012
17.03-10 Corner Reinforcement ......................................................................... 30Apr2020
17.03-11 Abutment Footing Types and Details - General Information .............. 29Oct2021
17.03-12 Abutment Footing Types and Details - Spread Footings ................... 30Apr2019
17.03-13 Abutment Footing Types and Details - Footings on Piles .................. 30Oct2020
17.03-14 Abutment Footing Types and Details - Footings on Piles ................... 06Feb2012
17.03-15 Abutment Footing Types and Details - Footings on Piles .................. 30Apr2019
17.03-16 Abutment Footing Types and Details - Skewed Footings .................. 30Apr2020
17.03-17 Abutment Footing Types and Details - Footings on Piles .................. 31Oct2018
17.03-18 Utility Blockout Details ......................................................................... 06Feb2012
17.03-19 Utility Blockout Details ......................................................................... 30Apr2020
17.03-20 End of Beam/Girder Details - Steel-Full-Integral-Skew = 0° ............... 06Feb2012
17.03-21 End of Beam/Girder Details - Steel-Full-Integral-Skew > 0° ............... 06Feb2012
17.03-22 End of Beam/Girder Details - Steel-Semi-Integral-Skew = 0° ............. 06Feb2012
17.03-23 End of Beam/Girder Details - Steel Semi-Integral-Skew > 0° ............. 06Feb2012
17.03-24 End of Beam/Girder Details -Steel-Full/Semi-Integral-Notes ............. 18May2016
17.03-25 End of Beam Details - Prestressed Concrete - Full/Semi-Integral ...... 15Oct2015
17.03-26 End of Beam Details - Prestressed Concrete - Full Integral-
Skew = 0° and for 0° < Skew ≤ 30° ..................................................... 06Feb2012
17.03-27 End of Beam Details – Prestressed Concrete - Semi-Integral-
Skew = 0° and for 0° < Skew ≤ 30° and Notes for End of
Prestressed Concrete Beam Details ................................................... 06Feb2012
17.03-28 End of Beam Details – Notes for End of Prestressed Concrete
Beam Details ....................................................................................... 29Oct2021
17.03-29 Expanded Polystrene (EPS) Details ................................................... 30Apr2020
17.03-30 Steel Beam/Girder Vent Hole Detail - Integral Abutments .................. 06Feb2012
17.03-31 Construction Joints – General Information .......................................... 06Feb2012
17.03-32 Construction Joints – Shear Keys and Vertical Construction
Joints ................................................................................................... 06Feb2012
17.03-33 Construction Joints – Vertical Construction Joints .............................. 06Feb2012
PART 2
ABUTMENTS DATE: 29Oct2021
FILE NO. 17.TOC-2
CHAPTER 17
FILE NO. TITLE DATE
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT

17.04-2 Sample Design Calculations ............................................................... 30Apr2020
PART 2
FILE NO. 17.TOC-3
CHAPTER 17
FILE NO. TITLE DATE
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT (Continued)

17.04-54 Sample Design Calculations ............................................................... 30Oct2020
17.04-62 Lateral Buttress Force Derivation ........................................................ 06Feb2012
17.04-65 U-Back Wing Detail ............................................................................. 06Feb2012
17.04-66 Alternate Wing and Reinforcement Detail ........................................... 06Feb2012
17.04-67 Staged Construction Details – w/ Deck Closure ................................. 06Feb2012
17.04-68 Staged Construction Details – w/o Deck Closure ............................... 06Feb2012
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS
17.05-1 General Information ............................................................................. 06Feb2012

* 17.05-3 Abutment Details Sheet - Steel Beams/Girders ................................. 30Oct2020
* 17.05-4 Abutment Details Sheet - Steel Beams/Girders ................................. 30Oct2020
17.05-5 Check List - Steel Beams/Girders ...................................................... 30Apr2019
17.05-6 Check List - Steel Beams/Girders ...................................................... 30Oct2020
* 17.05-7 Abutment Details Sheet - Prestressed Concrete Beams ................... 30Oct2020
17.05-9 Check List - Prestressed Concrete Beams ........................................ 30Apr2019
17.05-10 Check List - Prestressed Concrete Beams ........................................ 29Oct2021
PART 2
FILE NO. 17.TOC-4
CHAPTER 17
FILE NO. TITLE DATE
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT
17.06-1 General Information ............................................................................. 30Apr2020

17.06-33 Staged Construction Details - w/ Deck Closure .................................. 06Feb2012
17.06-34 Staged Construction Details - w/o Deck Closure ................................ 06Feb2012
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS

* 17.07-3 Abutment Details Sheet - Steel Beams/Girders ................................. 30Apr2020
PART 2
ABUTMENTS DATE: 30Apr2020
FILE NO. 17.TOC-5
CHAPTER 17
FILE NO. TITLE DATE
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS (Continued)

* 17.07-8 Abutment Details Sheet - Prestressed Concrete Beams ................... 30Apr2020
17.07-11 Check List ........................................................................................... 31Oct2018
17.07-12 Check List ........................................................................................... 30Apr2020
DECK SLAB EXTENSION

17.08-22 Slab End Details - Steel Members-w/ Buried Approach Slab ............. 29Oct2021
17.08-23 Slab End Details - Steel Members-w/o Approach Slab ....................... 29Oct2021
17.08-24 Slab End Details - Prestressed Members-w/ Buried Approach Slab .. 29Oct2021
17.08-25 Slab End Details - Prestressed Members-w/o Approach Slab ............ 29Oct2021
17.08-26 Rub Plate Detail................................................................................... 06Feb2012
17.08-27 Terminal Wall Details .......................................................................... 29Oct2021
17.08-28 Terminal Wall Details .......................................................................... 29Oct2021
PART 2
FILE NO. 17.TOC-6
CHAPTER 17
FILE NO. TITLE DATE
DECK SLAB EXTENSIONS SAMPLE PLANS

* 17.09-5 Deck Slab Details Sheet - Steel Beams/Girders ................................ 30Apr2019
17.09-6 Check List ........................................................................................... 31Oct2018
17.09-7 Check List ........................................................................................... 31Oct2018
VIRGINIA ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS

* 17.10-3 Abutment Details Sheet ...................................................................... 30Apr2019
* 17.10-8 Deck Slab Details Sheet ..................................................................... 30Apr2019
17.10-9 Check List ........................................................................................... 29Oct2021
17.10-10 Check List ........................................................................................... 30Apr2020
CONVENTIONAL ABUTMENTS SAMPLE PLANS

* 17.11-3 Abutment Details Sheet - Steel Piles ................................................. 29Oct2021
* 17.11-4 Abutment Details Sheet - Steel Piles ................................................. 30Apr2019
* 17.11-5 Abutment Details Sheet - Steel Piles ................................................. 30Apr2019
* 17.11-6 Abutment Details Sheet - Spread Footing .......................................... 29Oct2021
* 17.11-7 Abutment Details Sheet - Spread Footing .......................................... 30Apr2019
* 17.11-8 Abutment Details Sheet - Spread Footing .......................................... 30Apr2019
17.11-9 Check List ........................................................................................... 29Oct2021
17.11-10 Check List ........................................................................................... 29Oct2021
ABUTMENT DRAINAGE

17.12-2 Bridges over Highways or Railroads - Full and Semi-Integral
Abutments ........................................................................................... 29Oct2021
PART 2
FILE NO. 17.TOC-7
CHAPTER 17
FILE NO. TITLE DATE
ABUTMENT DRAINAGE (Continued)
17.12-3 Bridges over Highways or Railroads - Conventional Shelf/

Cantilever Abutments with and without Deck Slab Extension ............. 29Oct2021
17.12-4 Bridges over Streams - Full and Semi-Integral Abutments ................. 29Oct2021
17.12-5 Bridges over Streams - Conventional Shelf/Cantilever
Abutments with and without Deck Slab Extension .............................. 29Oct2021
17.12-6 Bridges over Streams - Conventional Shelf/Cantilever
Abutments with and without Deck Slab Extension .............................. 29Oct2021
17.12-7 Abutment Drain Details - Deck Slab Extensions ................................. 29Oct2021
17.12-8 Abutment Drain Details - Deck Slab Extensions ................................. 17Aug2016
SELECT BACKFILL MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
17.13-1 General Information - Limits of Select Backfill Material Detail-

Definitions ............................................................................................ 29Oct2021
17.13-2 Full Integral Abutment with Approach Slab ......................................... 29Oct2021
Cut Section and Fill Section
17.13-3 Full Integral Abutment without Approach Slab .................................... 29Oct2021
17.13-4 Semi-Integral Abutment with Approach Slab ...................................... 29Oct2021
17.13-5 Semi-Integral Abutment without Approach Slab ................................. 29Oct2021
17.13-6 Conventional / Deck Slab Ext. / VA Abutment w/ Approach Slab ....... 29Oct2021
17.13-7 Conventional / Deck Slab Ext. / VA Abut. w/o Approach Slab ............ 29Oct2021
17.13-8 Cell Details, Design and Estimated Quantities .................................... 29Oct2021
17.13-9 Estimated Quantities ........................................................................... 29Oct2021
17.13-10 Estimated Quantities ........................................................................... 29Oct2021
17.13-11 Special Provision for Geotextile Stabilization Fabric ........................... 12Sep2014
PART 2
FILE NO. 17.TOC-8
INTRODUCTION
An abutment provides support between a bridge span and a roadway embankment, resists earth
pressure to maintain the required elevation difference and transmits the loads from the span and
the embankment to the foundation.
It is the intent of this chapter is to establish the guidelines, practices and specific requirements of
the Structure and Bridge Division for the design and detailing of abutments and related structures.
It is not the intent of these requirements and guidelines to supersede the requirements contained
in Chapter 1 of this manual but to convey necessary information to the designer for the detailing
of various components of the bridge abutments and related structures.
While this chapter is noted as “abutments,” the major emphasis is to eliminate joints where
possible on bridges. It has been well documented in inspection reports not only in Virginia, but
throughout the other states, that leaky joints are a serious issue. An algorithm is provided as a
guide for the abutment type selection. While the term “total bridge length” is used in the
selection criteria, the details can also be utilized for bridge units (continuous spans) where the
total bridge length is in excess of that noted in the table.
References to AASHTO LRFD Specifications in this chapter refer to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge
Design Specifications including current VDOT Modifications (IIM-S&B-80).
The practices and requirements set forth herein are intended to supplement or clarify the
requirements of the AASHTO LRFD Specifications, and to provide additional information to assist
the designer. In the event of conflict(s) between the practices and requirements set forth herein
and those contained in the AASHTO LRFD specifications, the more stringent requirements shall
govern.
For situations not covered by these guidelines, a design waiver/approval will be required. The
designer shall be responsible for investigation, analysis and calculations necessary to secure a
design waiver/approval.
NOTE:
Due to various restrictions on placing files in this manual onto the Internet, portions of the
drawings shown do not necessarily reflect the correct line weights, line types, fonts, arrowheads,
etc. Wherever discrepancies occur, the written text shall take precedence over any of the drawn
views.
PART 2
INTRODUCTION – CHAPTER 17 SHEET 1 of 1
FILE NO. 17.00-1
ABUTMENT TYPES:
The abutment types covered in this chapter include the following:
• Full Integral Abutment

• Semi-Integral Abutment (including jointless abutment alternatives for PSC voided slab, box
beam and inverted T-beam superstructures)
• Conventional Cantilever Abutment with Deck Slab Extension
• Virginia Abutment
• Conventional Cantilever Abutment
Each abutment type is shown below with general requirements. Some variations in layout are
provided per type for illustration purposes. All abutment types adjacent to retaining walls shall be
pile supported except as noted on File No. 17.01-8.
• Full Integral Abutment:
Only abutment type where

one row of piles can be
used, except as noted for
single span PSC voided
slab or box beam bridges
on File No. 17.01-3. See
File No. 17.01-9 for non-
MSE type retaining wall
prohibition.
• Full Integral Abutment adjacent to retaining wall:
*
** For details in this
** area see File No.
* For MSE walls, the minimum distance provided 18.05-9
may need to be increased based on pile size
and/or pile sleeve use. See File No. 17.01-7 for
illustration and File No. 06.06-4 for additional
MSE wall requirements for bridges over
railroads.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Apr2022
GENERAL INFORMATION AND SELECTION CRITERIA SHEET 1 of 20
ABUTMENT TYPES FILE NO. 17.01-1
• Semi-Integral Abutment:
• Semi-Integral Abutment adjacent to retaining wall: (wall layout and minimum distances
similar for remaining abutment types):
* For MSE walls, the minimum distance

provided may need to be increased based
on pile size and/or pile sleeve use. See
File No. 17.01-7 for illustration and File
No. 06.06-4 for additional MSE wall
requirements for bridges over railroads.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
• Jointless Abutment Types for PSC voided slab, box beam or inverted T-beam
superstructures:
Stub Abutment (one pile row is an option only on single span bridges):
End of slab/beam shall preferably align with the back of footing, but may not be feasible
where long slab/beam extensions past the bearing centerline would result. If approach
slabs are needed, they shall be buried (similar to the details shown below) and seated on a
notch in the footing.
Abutment on multi-row pile footing or spread footing:
On the rare occasion approach slabs are used on this type of superstructure, slab/beam
shall extend beyond the vertical face of approach slab seat and 6” diameter PVC perforated
pipe underdrain shall be used. Surround the underdrain pipe with No. 57, 78 or 8 stone
wrapped in a geotextile. Add note on plans to include the cost of perforated pipe under-
drain, No. 57, 78 or 8 stone and geotextile in the cost of concrete for approach slab. The
designer will need to determine the distance the slab/beam extends past the vertical face.
Abutment Details not to be used:
Not to be Used
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
• Conventional Cantilever Abutments with Deck Slab Extension:
Surround 6” diameter PVC perforated

pipe underdrain with No. 57, 78 or 8
stone wrapped in a geotextile where a
buried approach slab is needed. Add
note on plans to include the cost of
perforated pipe underdrain, No. 57, 78
or 8 stone and geotextile in the cost of
concrete for approach slab.
• Virginia Abutment:
Tooth joints can capture large

volumes of drainage and details
for conveyance of drainage to the
ground and erosion control need
to be carefully considered.
However, tooth joints are not to
be considered part of the design
of or eliminate the need for
bridge deck drainage systems.
The Designer shall work with the District to determine the minimum trough depth sufficient
for manual cleanout. Where beam/girder depths are shallower, additional stem wall length
and/or footing depth may be necessary to ensure the minimum trough depth and cross-
slope are maintained, but is particular to the details of the bridge.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2021
• Virginia Abutment without tooth joint with integral backwall (design approval
required):
Shown with stem wall. This

configuration may also be used
when behind MSE wall and/or
beam/girder is supported directly
on footing.
See previous sheet for minimum

trough depth and drainage.
• Virginia Abutment without tooth joint with deck slab extension (design approval
required):
Shown behind MSE wall with

beam/girder supported directly
on footing. This configuration
may also be used with stem wall
*
and/or without MSE wall.
See previous sheet for minimum

trough depth and drainage. This
abutment configuration shall not
be used with a tooth joint.
*The minimum distance provided may need to be increased based on pile size and/or pile
sleeve use. See File No. 17.01-7 for illustration and File No. 06.06-4 for additional MSE
wall requirements for bridges over railroads.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
• Conventional Cantilever Abutments (design waiver required):
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
USE OF MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH (MSE) WALLS AND
GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED SOIL (GRS) TECHNOLOGY:
Use of MSE walls adjacent to abutments can reduce the length of bridge, reduce superstructure
weight on substructure and eliminate the need for tall cantilever abutments, possibly lowering the
overall bridge cost. However, MSE walls require special consideration for future widening. For
bridges over Interstates, all abutment types adjacent to MSE walls shall be pile supported.
Unless a design approval is granted by the District Structure and Bridge Engineer (DBE):
• MSE wall location for overpass structures shall accommodate a minimum of one future
lane in each direction for the roadway below the overpass.
• MSE wall limits shall extend sufficiently to allow future widening of the overpass by one
lane in each direction.
GRS Walls and Integrated Bridge Systems are prohibited unless a design approval is granted by
the DBE.
Minimum Distance between MSE Wall Panels and Piling: MSE wall straps can generally be
splayed a maximum of 15 degrees from their intended perpendicular orientation to avoid pile and
sleeve locations without affecting the stability of the retained soil mass (except for corner
connections which are specially designed for higher splay angles). Minimum panel thickness is
typically 5 ½”. Pile orientation is shown for full integral abutments, but minimum distances to the
toe pile are the same for other abutment types. Increasing these minimum
distances may be necessary to accommodate
deflection and lateral force of full integral
abutments.
Place the following note on MSE plans where these minimum distances are used with steel piles:
When the MSE wall reinforcing straps are metallic, they shall be placed with at least 3” clear to
the pile and the pile sleeve (if present). Where 3” clear cannot be obtained using a maximum
15 degree splay, the minimum clear can be reduced, but shall not be less than 1”. The MSE
Wall manufacturer shall reduce the tensile resistance of all reinforcement by the cosine of the
15 degree maximum splay angle in the strap design.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
USE OF MSE WALLS AND GRS TECHNOLOGY FILE NO. 17.01-7
SUPPORTING ABUTMENT SPREAD FOOTINGS ON MSE WALLS:
In some cases, abutments can be supported
on shallow foundations that bear directly on
the reinforced backfill of an MSE wall. These
are often referred to as “True MSE
Abutments.” An illustration of a True MSE
Abutment is shown to the right.
True MSE Abutments may only be used with

design approval from the District Structure and
Bridge Engineer.
True MSE Abutments may be considered, provided the following measures/restrictions are
implemented:
• True MSE Abutments shall not be used for bridges that carry, or cross over, interstate
roadways. True MSE Abutments shall not be used for bridges that span waterways.
• The MSE wall system used for the True MSE Abutment shall be a VDOT-approved Category
“A” system that utilizes concrete panel facing members and metallic reinforcing elements.
Block wall systems or systems that use geosynthetic reinforcing elements (e.g., geogrid) shall
not be used.
• The select backfill in the MSE reinforced zone shall be a dense-graded aggregate (e.g.,
VDOT #21B) meeting the requirements of the Special Provision. Open-graded aggregate
(e.g. VDOT #57 stone) shall not be used. Additionally, #10 screenings (rock dust) shall not
be used as select backfill in the reinforced zone for True MSE Abutments.
• The MSE wall shall bear on competent soil having low compressibility, weathered rock,
intermediate geomaterial (IGM), or competent rock. Construction of the abutment footing
shall begin only after all settlement due to the self-weight of the MSE wall has ceased.
• The total anticipated maximum settlement of the abutment footing at the service limit state
shall be ½”. The maximum applied bearing pressure at the service limit state shall be 2 tsf,
and the maximum factored bearing pressure at the strength limit state shall be 3.5 tsf.
• The minimum clear horizontal distance between the front edge (toe) of the footing and the
back face of the MSE wall panels shall be 1’-6”.
• The minimum horizontal distance between the front face of the MSE wall panels and the
centerline of the bearings shall be 4’-0”. The minimum vertical distance between the bottom
of the abutment footing and the top layer of MSE wall reinforcing elements shall be 12”.
• The shape of the maximum tensile force line shall be modified such that it extends at least to
the back edge of the abutment footings. Kr/Ka and F* shall also be modified accordingly.
• Use the maximum horizontal force calculated for the top layer of MSE reinforcement for all
levels of reinforcement. For wrap-around MSE walls where reinforcement levels cross, the
reinforcement levels shall be separated by at least 6” of compacted select backfill.
• If the MSE wall will be located within the clear zone distance for vehicular traffic, incorporate
a Standard BPPS-1 (Bridge Pier Protection System) in front of the MSE wall. The limits of
the BPPS-1 shall include the portion of the wall that passes under the bridge, as well as the
portions of the wall that extend 20 feet beyond the bridge on both sides.
• Refer to the Examples E4 and E5 in Geotechnical Engineering Circular #11 (GEC 11,
November, 2009) for guidance with computing external and internal stability.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
SUPPORTING ABUT. SPREAD FOOTINGS ON MSE WALLS FILE NO. 17.01-8
ABUTMENT PROTECTION AND MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS:
ABUTMENT PROTECTION:
All abutment types are exempt from substructure protection requirements due to the soil behind
them and the cross-sectional area being considered heavy construction except as noted below.
Where concrete traffic barrier, e.g. MB-7F, will be placed in front of an abutment (regardless of
whether an MSE wall or other retaining structure is present or not), it will be replaced by the
bridge pier protection system (BPPS Standards). Standard BPPS-3 shall be used unless a
higher barrier height is warranted. The length of protection shall extend a minimum of 5 feet
beyond the intersections of the face of the barrier curb and edges of deck on both sides.
MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH (MSE) WALL STRAP USE ON ABUTMENTS:
MSE wall straps shall not be used on any abutment type without the prior approval of the District
Structure and Bridge Engineer (DBE). MSE wall straps shall not be used with full integral
abutments as they would resist the thermal contraction and shrinkage of the superstructure.
MSE wall straps may be deemed appropriate to provide abutment stability where adjacent to
MSE walls and piles are vertical. However, the use of MSE wall straps shall not be justification
for supporting the abutment on a single row of piles. Multiple pile rows (uniform or staggered
pattern) are still required for abutment support, except in the case of full integral abutments or as
noted for some single span PSC voided slab or box beam bridges on File No. 17.01-3. Minimum
distance between pile rows using a staggered pattern is 2’-6”.
STEEL PILE SLEEVE USE:
Steel pile sleeves (cans) around piles filled with sand or gravel are prohibited with all abutment
types when their use is intended to reduce the pressure on MSE wall panels. These materials
settle within the cans over time and lateral pressure can still impart to the panels. Use of steel
pile sleeves around piles is acceptable where downdrag is an issue or piles must be driven within
a MSE wall mass after the MSE wall has been constructed.
USE OF FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENTS WITH NON-MSE TYPE RETAINING WALLS:
Full integral abutments shall not be used with non-MSE type retaining walls, including tieback
walls or soil nail walls.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
ABUTMENT PROTECTION AND MISC. REQUIREMENTS FILE NO. 17.01-9
GENERAL TERMINOLOGY:
ABUTMENT ELEVATION
Although there are various terms applied to the parts

of an abutment section, the following will be used in
this chapter. The typical elevation and section is
shown for a conventional cantilever abutment
adjacent to a stream.
ABUTMENT SECTION
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
GENERAL TERMINOLOGY FILE NO. 17.01-10
ABUTMENT TYPE SELECTION CRITERIA:
The abutment design process starts with the abutment type selection. The selection process is
based on abutment performance requirements, site location, geotechnical conditions, scour,
costs and so forth.
Bridges of all geometry shall eliminate joints to the greatest extent possible.
The abutment type selection criteria limits are based upon Virginia experience where particular
abutment types have been used with satisfactory results. The limits do not mean that jointless
abutment types falling outside the limits should not be investigated. Designers, in consultation
with the Department, shall consider whether it makes sense to pursue the use of jointless
abutment types which are beyond the given limits. Considerations shall include design issues
(related to both the substructure and superstructure as appropriate), constructability, future
maintenance, and any other factors as necessary. The Designer may contact the Structure and
Bridge Engineering Services Program Area for recommendations/guidance. If the investigation
reveals that exceeding the limits is feasible and beneficial, the designer shall submit a
recommendation for abutment type to the District Structure and Bridge Engineer (DBE). After
concurrence from the DBE, a design waiver request shall be submitted to the State Structure and
Bridge Engineer. See following content for selection hierarchy, selection criteria and design
waiver content.
SELECTION HIERARCHY:
Abutment type selection shall be in the following order: Full integral abutment, semi-integral
abutment, conventional cantilever abutment with deck slab extension, Virginia Abutment. When
the selection criteria specified below for full integral abutment, semi-integral abutment,
conventional abutment with deck slab extension and the Virginia Abutment cannot be satisfied, a
conventional abutment with joints may be considered with the approval of a design waiver by the
State Structure and Bridge Engineer. For selection algorithm, see File No. 17.01-16.
The Virginia Abutment is a jointless design concept where drainage is kept from impacting the
superstructure for bridges with lengths or skews beyond the established criteria for other jointless
bridge types. Where Virginia Abutments are used with tooth joints, the details shown in File Nos.
17.10-1 thru -10 shall be used. Where other approved joint types are sufficient for length and
skew, Virginia Abutments without tooth joints may be considered (with integral backwall or deck
extension) and used with a design approval from the DBE. For such cases, the District shall be
consulted on the preferred Virginia Abutment configuration without tooth joint.
Only in cases of extreme bridge length or other geometric conditions where tooth joint design at
the abutments is not practical should a joint at piers/bents be considered. When a joint is
introduced at a pier/bent, the Virginia Pier Cap shall be used. See File No. 15.01-4 for
conceptual details and requirements for Virginia Pier Cap. A design waiver approved by the
State Structure and Bridge Engineer is required when the jointless philosophy cannot be
achieved using the Virginia Abutment (regardless of whether a Virginia Pier Cap is used).
When multiple units become necessary (i.e. a joint at pier/bent is introduced), the span
configuration shall be such that the least number of joints is introduced and the selection
algorithm shall be followed for the abutment type. See below for a conceptual illustration of the
span configuration desired when a joint becomes necessary.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
ABUTMENT TYPE SELECTION CRITERIA FILE NO. 17.01-11
ABUTMENT PIERS ABUTMENT
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENTS, SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENTS

AND CONVENTIONAL CANTILEVER ABUTMENTS WITH DECK SLAB EXTENSIONS FOR
SINGLE SPAN AND CONTINUOUS BRIDGES (WITHOUT JOINTS):
The total bridge length (without joints) from abutment to abutment and total movement at
abutments shall not exceed the following:
CONVENTIONAL CANTILEVER
FULL INTEGRAL SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT WITH DECK SLAB EXT.
STRAIGHT STRAIGHT
STRAIGHT CURVED
Steel 300 feet for 0° skew 450 feet 450 feet 300 feet
bridges 150 feet for 30° skew 30° max. skew 45° max. skew 30° max. skew
Concrete 500 feet for 0° skew 750 feet 750 feet

n/a
bridges 250 feet for 30° skew 30° max. skew 45° max. skew
Total
movement 11/2” 21/4” 21/4” 11/2”
at abutment
In the table above, straight and curved refer to the beams/girders, not to the alignment.
The total movement at abutment is for the full temperature range (expansion and contraction).
Interpolate maximum length for skews between 0° and 30° where ranges are shown in the table.
The maximum span length for single span is 160 feet for full integral bridges. Total integral
abutment height (finished grade to bottom of footing) shall not exceed 17 feet.
Where a particular abutment type is recommended in conflict with the selection hierarchy, a
design approval from the District Structure and Bridge Engineer is required.
Where a particular abutment type is recommended beyond the limits of the selection criteria
indicated above, the design waiver request will include, but is not limited to, the relevant content
listed on the following sheet.
When beyond the limits of the selection criteria indicated above for full integral abutments, semi-
integral abutments or conventional cantilever abutments with deck slab extensions and the
decision is made not to pursue a design waiver, Virginia Abutments shall be used.
For bridges with non-parallel beams/girders, the designer shall submit a design approval request
for the recommended abutment type to the District Structure and Bridge Engineer.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
For straight beam/girder bridge layout and length limitations for full integral, semi-integral and
conventional cantilever abutments with deck slab extensions, see figures below.
FULL INTEGRAL SEMI-INTEGRAL/ DECK SLAB EXTENSION
BRIDGE LAYOUT AND LENGTH LIMITS

Legend:
Examples of bridge layouts not meeting the above criteria including reasons are provided on File
Nos. 17.01-14 (steel) and -15 (concrete).
DESIGN WAIVER CONTENT FOR ABUTMENT TYPE:
Examples of specific content required for design waiver requests include:
• Considerations affecting selection such as site and geotechnical conditions, scour,

design, constructability, future maintenance and any other factors as necessary.
• Calculations/details showing how lateral forces will be accommodated.
• If uplift is expected, how it will be dealt with.
• For staged construction, whether temporary restraints are necessary to resist lateral
forces as rub plates will only exist on one side during construction.
• Impact of thermal forces to the superstructure based on the abutment type for bridges
with lengths or skews beyond the established criteria (i.e., whether forces will need to be
considered in the superstructure design, affected components and likely impact on
design).
• Impact of thermal forces to the substructure based on abutment type for bridges with
lengths or skews beyond the established criteria. As an example, relatively high skew
angles can result in a pronounced tendency of semi-integral superstructures to rotate in
the horizontal plane generating higher than anticipated horizontal earth pressure acting
on the abutment.
Based on the abutment type and the degree to which the actual criteria exceeds the established
criteria, 3-D analysis may be required to determine thermal forces for superstructure and/or
substructure to assess the items listed in the bullets above or any other factors as necessary.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
STEEL BRIDGE LAYOUT EXAMPLES:
The following examples of bridge layouts do not meet the guidelines for full integral or semi-
integral and conventional shelf/cantilever abutments with deck slab extensions (assume 0° skew):
Legend:
REASON
Semi-integral abutments or conventional

abutments with deck slab extensions
are depicted in the example. The total
length of 272’ meets the full integral limit
for steel superstructures. Full integral
abutments are required unless other
selection criterion forces a move to the
next abutment type in the selection
hierarchy.
ABUTMENT PIER ABUTMENT
The total length of 320’ exceeds the full

integral limit for steel superstructures.
Either a design waiver may be sought to
extend use past the limit or semi-integral
abutments or conventional abutments
with deck extensions shall be used.
Joints are not allowed (unless a waiver

is granted) and either semi-integral
Joint
The total length of 460’ exceeds the limit

for steel superstructures for semi-
integral abutments and conventional
abutments with deck extensions. A
design waiver is required for extending
use past the limit or Virginia Abutments
ABUTMENT PIERS ABUTMENT shall be used.
See File No. 17.01-11 for discussion on bridge layout when introduction of a joint is necessary.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
CONCRETE BRIDGE LAYOUT EXAMPLES:
The following examples of bridge layouts do not meet the guidelines for full integral or semi-
integral and conventional shelf/cantilever abutments with deck slab extensions (assume 0° skew):
Legend:
REASON
Semi-integral abutments or conventional

abutments with deck slab extensions
are depicted in the example. The total
length of 440’ meets the full integral limit
for concrete super-structures. Full
integral abutments are required unless
other selection criterion forces a move
to the next abutment type in the
selection hierarchy.
The total length of 510’ exceeds the full

integral limit for concrete super-
structures. Either a design waiver may
be sought to extend use or semi-integral
Joints are not allowed (unless a waiver

is granted) and either semi-integral
Joint
The total length of 760’ exceeds the limit

for concrete superstructures for semi-
integral abutments and conventional
abutments with deck extensions. A
design waiver is required for extending
use past the limit or Virginia Abutments
ABUTMENT PIERS ABUTMENT shall be used.
See File No. 17.01-11 for discussion on bridge layout when introduction of a joint is necessary.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
Has a waiver been Has a waiver been Has a waiver been
START Is bridge within limits for No No Is bridge within limits No Is bridge within limits
pursued and granted to No granted to use No granted to use deck
length, skew, and thermal use full integral? for length, skew, and semi-integral? for length, skew, and extension? No
movement for full integral? thermal movement for thermal movement for
Yes semi-integral? deck extension?
Yes
Yes
Yes Yes
For steel H-piles: For prestressed concrete piles: Has an approval Yes
No Are bridge girders No been granted to No
Are the piles at least 25’ long? Are the piles long enough such straight and parallel? Can substructure
use semi-
AND that fixity is obtained? handle design forces No
integral?
Are the piles long enough such Yes (lateral forces on
that fixity is obtained? Yes skewed bridges)?
Can substructure
handle design forces No Yes
Yes (lateral forces on
skewed bridges)? USE DECK SLAB EXTENSION DESIGN
Would subsurface material conditions allow driving No
See File Nos. 17.08-1 thru -28
piles to pile bent tolerances? Sec. 403.06(f) Yes
Yes
If scour partially exposes the piles, has USE SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT DESIGN
the DBE approved the use of full No See File Nos. 17.06-1 thru -34
integral with piles partially exposed?
Yes If a retaining wall is required No Has an approval been No

in front of the abutment, will granted to use full
it be an MSE wall? integral?
Yes Yes
Has an approval been
Is depth from final grade to No No
granted to use full
bottom of footing < 17’?
integral?
Yes Yes
Has an approval been
Are bridge girders straight No granted to use full No USE VIRGINIA ABUTMENT
and parallel? integral? See File Nos. 17.10-1 thru -10
Yes Yes
Can a single row of piles No

adequately handle lateral
forces?
Yes
USE FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT DESIGN

See File Nos. 17.04-1 thru -60
Conventional abutments with joints may

be used only with the approval of a
design waiver by the State Structure
and Bridge Engineer
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
SELECTION ALGORITHM FILE NO. 17.01-16
GENERAL GUIDELINES AND REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINTLESS
ABUTMENTS:
BRIDGE LAYOUT:
A symmetrical or near symmetrical layout is recommended in order to have the same movement
at each abutment to balance the passive forces. For layouts with:
• An even number of continuous spans, consider fixed bearings at the center pier.
• An odd number of continuous spans, consider fixed bearings at both center piers.
• Continuous spans, the designer shall determine the number and location of fixed bearing
lines to obtain a satisfactory and efficient bridge design. See File Nos. 15.04-1 thru -12
for additional bridge layout guidance.
• Continuous spans, at least one line of fixed bearings is required unless the bridge grade
does not exceed 1%.
• Simple span semi-integral bridges, use expansion bearings at both abutments in all
cases.
EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE (EPS) MATERIAL:
For single span bridges on a gradient, EPS shall be used at the upgrade abutment (highest
elevation) only, which will result in most of the movement going towards the upgrade abutment.
On single span bridges with no grade differential, the designer shall arbitrarily specify which
abutment will receive the EPS material or use engineering judgment if outside factors are
present.
For continuous spans, EPS material shall be used at all full integral and semi-integral abutments.
For EPS thickness calculations and details, see File No. 17.03.30.
BACKWALLS:
Backwalls shall be designed (moment and shear) to resist passive earth pressure that will result
from thermal movements. A KP of 4 shall be used with EPS material. For single span integral
bridges where EPS material is used at only one abutment, a KP of 4 shall be used for the design
of both ends.
When a design approval is approved by the District Structure and Bridge Engineer to eliminate
the EPS material, a geotechnical engineer shall determine the appropriate value of KP, but in no
case shall it be less than 4. When structural backfill is used without EPS material at either
abutment, a KP value of 12 shall be used.
Backfill material for integral bridges shall be placed such that the differential in the height of fill at
each abutment does not exceed 6” and so denoted on the plans.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
GEN. GUIDELINES AND REQ.’S FOR JOINTLESS ABUT.’S FILE NO. 17.01-17
BEAM/GIRDER DESIGN:
Prestressed concrete beams and steel beams/girders shall be designed assuming the ends at the
abutments are free to rotate.
TERMINAL WALLS:
To eliminate potential conflicts, the designer shall detail the parapet terminal walls to be entirely
on the superstructure. Care shall be taken to preserve the structural integrity of the railing/
parapet system. The guardrail attachment to the terminal wall must allow for end movements and
end rotation.
WINGWALL REQUIREMENTS FOR GUARDRAIL ATTACHMENT:
For wingwalls oriented parallel to traffic, guardrail may attach directly to the terminal wall only
when all the following conditions are met:
• The height differential between the finished grade and the fill slope on the outside of the
wingwall does not exceed 7’-6” at the centerline of the Post 7 location for Standard GR-
FOA-5. The standard may not be modified in any manner to justify moving the measured
location further from the terminal wall.
• Offset the inside face of wall 3 feet from the face of rail/parapet to allow for dynamic
deflection of the attached guardrail.
• The top of wingwall is flush or no more than 6” above finished grade.
• The wingwalls oriented parallel to traffic do not consist of MSE walls.
See the sketch on the following sheet for a visual depiction of the requirements above (shown for
a semi-integral abutment).
Where wingwalls are oriented parallel to traffic (U-back wings) and the above criteria are not met,
barrier/terminal wall on moment slab on the roadway approach shall be used.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Apr2022
WINGWALL REQUIREMENTS FOR GUARDRAIL ATTACHMENT (Cont’d):
U-BACK WINGWALL REQUIREMENTS FOR GUARDRAIL ATTACHMENT TO

TERMINAL WALL ON SUPERSTRUCTURE
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT LAYOUT GUIDELINES:
TRANSVERSE SECTION
Crowned
TRANSVERSE SECTION
Superelevated
If ∆h is less than 12”, the bottom of the footing shall be constructed level, and the difference in
elevation will be compensated for above the hinge. If ∆h exceeds 12”, the bottom of the footing
shall be sloped. In the case of a crowned section, in which ∆h exceeds 12”, it may be necessary
to add a longitudinal joint through the superstructure and the entire integral abutment. The
longitudinal joint shall be located in the median. In the absence of a median, a semi-integral
bridge should be considered.
Details on this sheet apply to both steel and concrete structures.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
GENERAL INFORMATION:
The design of an abutment consists of two principle parts: the evaluation of loads and pressures
that act on the structure and the design of the structure to withstand these loads and pressures
within acceptable tolerable deformations.
All abutments and wingwalls shall be investigated for the following:
 Lateral earth and water pressures
 Dead load weight of the abutment/wall
 Vehicular or other impact loading
 Loads applied from the superstructure
 Temperature and shrinkage deformation effects
 Seismic loads
The design shall be investigated for any combination of forces which may produce the most
severe loading condition.
VERTICAL CLEARANCE AT ABUTMENTS FOR INSPECTABILITY:
In order to provide clearance for bridge inspections, clearance at abutments must meet the
following requirements:
 The minimum vertical clearance between the bottom of deck and the berm shall be 4’-6”.
 For full integral abutments, the minimum vertical clearance between bottom of flange and
the berm shall be 2’-6”.
 For all other abutment types, the minimum vertical distance from the top of each bridge
seat and the berm shall be 2’-6”.
In order to achieve these clearances, during preliminary plan development the designer must
consider abutment location (station), abutment footing elevations, berm elevations and slope of
fill.
CONCRETE:
Concrete used in the design of abutments shall be Class A3 having a minimum 28 day
compressive strength of 3000 psi.
Concrete used in parapets/rails, terminal walls on abutments and in the construction of the
integral backwalls of full integral, semi-integral and Virginia abutments shall be Low Shrinkage
Class A4 Modified having a minimum 28 day compressive strength of 4000 psi and shall be
included in the concrete quantities for the superstructure.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS SHEET 1 of 4
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 17.02-1
REINFORCEMENT:
All reinforcement shall conform to the requirements of Sections 223 and 406 of the current VDOT
Road and Bridge Specifications and as specified below.
All reinforcement for the structural elements listed in the current IIM-S&B-81 shall be corrosion
resistant reinforcing (CRR) steel bars of the Class indicated.
CRR steel bars shall conform to the applicable specification listed in the current IIM-S&B-81 for
the type of CCR steel bar used.
Deformed reinforcing bars shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A615, Grade 60 except for
reinforcing bars noted to be CRR.
Plain steel bars when used as dowels shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A36.
For specific practices and requirements (sizes, spacings and miscellaneous details), refer to the
appropriate section(s) of this chapter.
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
Abutments should be designed with and without the superstructure in place as well as any
additional construction loading that may occur such as live load surcharge. If the abutment is not
stable (normally without the superstructure being in place especially when checking pile batter on
the toe pile), one of the following notes shall be added to the abutment plan sheet:
Do not fill above elevation XXX.XX until superstructure is in place.
or
Do not fill above elevation XXX.X until superstructure including concrete deck slab is in
place.
Fill in front of the abutment is generally not considered in design calculations for an abutment
adjacent to a stream as there is a possibility of the fill being removed during flooding events.
GENERAL DRAINAGE DESIGN PRACTICES AND DETAILS:
For specific practices and details for abutment drainage, refer to the appropriate section of this
chapter.
For specific practices for the placement (location) of deck slab drainage collector/downspout
pipes on abutments, see Chapter 22, Drainage, File Nos. 22.04-1 and -2.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 18May2016
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN DATA TABLES:
The appropriate geotechnical design data table shall be provided either on abutment and pier
sheets or on the sheet with the Substructure Layout. See File No. 23.01-8 for table to be used
with pile foundations.
For use with Spread Footings:
1 5
* 3,6 * 4,6
Notes on Spread Footing Data Table:
1. Anticipated Bearing Material based on subsurface exploration program (acceptable comments

to place in this column are Non-scourable Rock (if appropriate), Rock, IGM (Intermediate
Geomaterial), Dense/Stiff Soil or Firm Soil)
2. Tolerable Settlement, as determined by the Bridge Engineer
3. Maximum Applied Bearing Pressure at the Service Limit State that will result in the tolerable
settlement for the footing size and depth of embedment indicated on the plans
4. Maximum Factored Bearing Pressure as determined by the Bridge Engineer, based on the
controlling Strength Limit State
(Maximum Factored Bearing Pressure must be ≤ Factored Bearing Resistance)
Maximum Factored Bearing Pressure
5. Required Nominal Bearing Resistance =
Resistance Factor
6. These values, and the associated footing sizes and embedment depths shown on the plans,
may have been affected by other considerations such as eccentricity, sliding or global stability.
For use with Drilled Shafts:

Minimum tip elevations shall be given
to the nearest foot. The “Minimum
Tip Elevation” column may be
omitted if a design requirement that
does not involve the tip elevation is
being used. One such example
would be the case in which the drilled
shaft must be embedded a minimum
length into competent rock.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN DATA TABLES FILE NO. 17.02-3
ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT FOR ABUTMENTS:
The decision to incorporate architectural treatment into a bridge project and the type of
treatments shall be made during the preliminary design. Incorporating or removing architectural
treatments from a project at a later stage could require re-design and plan changes including
quantities.
Including architectural treatment on parapet/rails and/or abutments may affect geometric items
such as horizontal clearances. Architectural treatment on parapets/rails and/or abutments will
affect abutment widths and quantities. Designers must consider the texture relief to be sacrificial
and position reinforcement to provide the minimum concrete cover required from the back of the
maximum relief used to the reinforcement. Structural coordination between elements is required
as the maximum texture relief is 1” on parapets/rails and 3” on substructure elements. Copings
may need additional reinforcement to include in plan details. Architectural treatments such as
medallions have minimum dimensions that need to be considered when locating abutments to
provide sufficient exposed area (e.g., on U-back wingwalls) where those treatments are desired.
See Chapter 5 of this manual for requirements, details and information for architectural treatment.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 31Oct2018
ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT FOR ABUTMENTS FILE NO. 17.02-4
This section of the chapter establishes the general practices and guidelines for the design and
detailing of abutments and related structures.
Items in blocks are for designer’s information only and are not to be placed on the plans.
ABUTMENT NEAT COMPONENT DETAILS:

BACKWALL CLEARANCE FOR BEAMS/GIRDERS:
ELEVATION
PART PLAN – NO SKEW PART PLAN – WITH SKEW
SKEW ANGLE A*
≤ 10° 21/2”
11° thru 30° 31/2”
31° thru 45° 41/2”
46° thru 60° 51/2”
* Expansion from extremely long span or a group of continuous span beams/girders may require
that this dimension be increased in order to provide a minimum clearance (normal to face of
backwall) of 11/2” at full expansion.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
GENERAL ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET 1 of 33
ABUTMENT NEAT COMPONENT DETAILS FILE NO. 17.03-1
STEM DETAIL:
ABUTMENT STEM DETAIL

Stem shall be a minimum of 1’-7” in height and provide a minimum 1’-3” clearance between the
bottom of the beam/girder and the ground surface or top of the slope protection to ensure
accessibility for safety inspections and maintenance operations.
SEAT/PAD DETAILS:
The minimum seat/pad length (face of backwall to edge of stem) and width shall be 2’-0”. The
bridge seat/pad shall be wide and long enough to accommodate the bearing device and seismic
requirements. It is recommended that the width of seat/pad be established in increments of 6”.
For masonry plate/anchor bolt edge clearance requirements that may affect the bridge seat/pad
width, see File No.17.03-5.
Typical bridge seat layouts used by the Structure and Bridge Division are as shown below:
STEPPED SEATS/PADS
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
INDIVIDUAL SEATS/PADS
(PREFERRED)
The minimum bridge seat reinforcement shall be as shown on the details below:
 For main reinforcement < 6” below the top of seat/pad:
PART ELEVATION – BRIDGE SEAT/PAD
SECTION A-A
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
 For main reinforcement ≥ 6” below the top of seat/pad:
PART ELEVATION – BRIDGE SEAT/PAD
SECTION A-A
WASH DETAIL:
The purpose of the wash is to provide drainage of moisture from the abutment seat. A 1/2” wash
shall be provided between seats/pads.
WASH DETAIL
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
ANCHOR BOLT LAYOUT DETAILS:
The abutment seats/pads shall be wide enough to provide for the clearances shown on the
details below.
ANCHOR BOLT CLEARANCES
When beams/girders have bearings requiring anchor bolts, a TYPICAL ANCHOR BOLT LAYOUT
detail shall be shown on the abutment detail sheets of the plan assembly.
Show dimensions in multiples of 1/8”.
TYPICAL ANCHOR BOLT LAYOUT DETAIL
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 27Jul2017
ANCHOR BOLT LAYOUT DETAILS FILE NO. 17.03-5
ABUTMENT U-BACK WINGWALL DETAILS:
 For U-Back Wingwall Heights ≤ 10’-3”:
VIEW B-B
*Or as required for bending at critical section.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
ABUTMENT U-BACK WINGWALL DETAILS FILE NO. 17.03-6
 For U-Back Wingwall Heights > 10’-3”:
VIEW B-B
*Or as required for bending at critical section.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
ABUTMENT U-BACK WINGWALL DETAILS FILE NO. 17.03-7
ABUTMENT ELEPHANT EAR WINGWALL DETAILS:
ELEVATION
(PREFERRED)
1. Slope of top of elephant ear wingwall shall match the approach fill side slope (1.5 or 2.0 to 1).
2. The distance from outside edge of abutment to beginning of elephant ear wingwall shall be
6”. Extend backwall as required to accommodate the detail requirements for skewed
abutments and conventional abutments with deck slab extensions.
3. Length of elephant ear wingwall required shall be dimensioned on the abutment wingwall
details.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
ABUTMENT ELEPHANT EAR WINGWALL DETAILS FILE NO. 17.03-8
ELEVATION
(ALTERNATE)
4. Slope of top of elephant ear wingwall shall match the approach fill side slope (1.5 or 2.0 to 1).
5. The distance from outside edge of abutment to beginning of elephant ear wingwall shall be
6”. Extend backwall as required to accommodate the detail requirements for skewed
abutments and conventional abutments with deck slab extensions.
6. Length of elephant ear wingwall required shall be dimensioned on the abutment wingwall
details.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
ABUTMENT ELEPHANT EAR WINGWALL DETAILS FILE NO. 17.03-9
CORNER REINFORCEMENT:
Additional reinforcement shall be provided at the corner where abutment and wingwall intersect.
The minimum requirements are shown in the following figures, with #5 bars spaced with and lap
spliced to the horizontal bars in the abutment and wingwall. The horizontal rebars in the abutment
and wingwall shall be provided in their full width.
At Skewed or Square Corners

(Other reinforcement not shown for clarity)
At Haunched/Filleted Square Corner

(Other reinforcement not shown for clarity)
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
CORNER REINFORCEMENT FILE NO. 17.03-10
ABUTMENT FOOTING TYPES AND DETAILS:
The footing types for abutments are as follows:
 Spread footings
 Footings on steel piles or prestressed concrete piles (see Chapter 23 for pile
requirements)
 Footings on drilled shafts (see Section 15.02 in Chapter 15 for drilled shaft requirements)
The specific type of foundation selected for use on a project shall be determined based on
available geotechnical and hydraulic data/recommendations and costs.
Minimum depth for all footings shall be 3’-0”. Minimum depth of subfooters shall be 6” and should
have no irregular feather edges.
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement, as defined in AASHTO LRFD 5.10.6, is not required for
side faces of buried footings less than 5’-0” in depth. For buried footings 5’-0” or deeper, provide #5
bars at 12” spacing on each face and in each direction.
SPREAD FOOTINGS:
SECTION THROUGH SPREAD FOOTING

Vertical Reinforcement to Allow for Spread Footing Elevation Adjustments:
When using spread footings, design the abutment for additional stem height up to 3 feet to allow the
bottom of footing elevation to be lowered if the foundation material at the plan elevation does not
meet the design bearing resistance. Detail the reinforcement accordingly. The amount of
additional stem height to account for depends on the geotechnical conditions. The abutment
design must account for both the planned footing elevation and the lower footing elevation.
Add the following note to the abutment sheet(s) if the maximum additional stem height is other than
the 3 feet that is described in 401.03(b):
“Bottom of footing elevations shall not be lowered by more than _ feet.”
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
ABUTMENT FOOTING TYPES AND DETAILS FILE NO. 17.03-11
Spread Footing Plan:
PART FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN
The PART FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN shown above is for illustration purposes only to
show the general requirements for detailing a typical abutment spread footing. The “full” plan
shall be shown on the abutment detail sheet(s) and shall include the dimensions of the footing as
well as the size and spacing of reinforcing steel in the footing.
The outline of the footing in the FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN is shown with solid lines.
The tie (reference) point is the intersection of the route CL or B L and the line thru center of
bearings. This tie (reference) point shall be the same as that used for the title sheet (plan view)
and substructure layout. For the part plan shown above, the tie point is the intersection of the
construction BL for Rte. 11 and the line thru center of bearings.
The layout (dimensioning) of the footing shall be referenced to this tie point and the footing
outline.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 31Oct2018
Typical Details of Footings on Piles:
SECTION THROUGH FOOTING ON STEEL PILES
SECTION THROUGH FOOTING ON PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
Footing Hairpin Bar Details:
 For single row of toe piles:
HAIRPIN DETAILS
 For multiple rows of toe piles:
HAIRPIN DETAIL – MULTIPLE ROWS OF TOE PILES
Pin diameter for hairpin bars shall equal the nominal size of pile plus 6”.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
Pile and Footing Reinforcement Plan:
Abutment detail sheets for foundations with piles will normally include a PILE AND FOOTING
REINFORCEMENT PLAN in which details are shown for both the pile layout as well as the size
and spacing of reinforcing steel in the footing.
The PART FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN shown above is for illustration purposes only to
show the general requirements for detailing a typical abutment footing on piles. The “full” plan
shall be shown on the abutment detail sheets of the plan assembly and shall include the layout of
piles as well. If the plan becomes too cluttered, a separate PILE PLAN as shown in File No.
17.03-15 may be used.
The outline of the footing in the PART FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN is shown with solid
lines.
The tie (reference) point is the intersection of the route CL or BL and the line thru center of
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
Pile and Footing Reinforcement Plan: (continued)
Additional reinforcement shall be provided for skewed footings as shown in the following figure.
The details also apply to skewed spread footings.

(This figure mainly demonstrates the corner reinforcement.
Other reinforcement and dimensions are not shown for clarity.)
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Pile Plan:
PART PILE PLAN
The outline of the footing in the PART PILE PLAN is shown with phantom lines. Dimensions to
foundation edges should not be used as normally no dimensions are referenced to phantom lines.
The tie (reference) point is the intersection of the r o u t e CL o r BL and the line thru center of
The layout of piles (spacings and lines of piles) shall be referenced to the tie point.
Where scale is sufficient, details can be combined in a PILE AND REINFORCEMENT PLAN.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 31Oct2018
UTILITY BLOCKOUT DETAILS:
When utility line(s) pass through the abutment backwall/stem, utility blockout details shall be
shown on the abutment detail sheets of the plan assembly.
For utility line(s) passing through the abutment backwall/stem, a metal pipe sleeve or sleeve ring
shall be provided for each utility line passing through the abutment backwall/stem. Pipe sleeves
or sleeve rings shall be of sufficient diameter to provide a minimum clearance of 1” for the utility
or conduit.
The location to centerline of the blockout shall be shown in the abutment PLAN view as shown
below.
 For bridges with 0° skew:
PARTIAL PLAN VIEW
 For bridges with skew:
PARTIAL PLAN VIEW – W/ SKEW
ABUTMENT DETAILS PART 2

DATE: 06Feb2012
UTILITY BLOCKOUT DETAILS FILE NO. 17.03-18
The utility blockouts shall be reinforced with a minimum #5 bar at each face with the vertical
location shown on the ELEVATION view as shown below. In addition, if the distance between
parallel #5 bars (either horizontal or vertical) is greater than 3’-0”, then the reinforcement at the
opening shall be designed.
 For single utility line:
PARTIAL ELEVATION VIEW
 For multiple utility lines: (also see BCLC standards in Part 3 of this Manual)
PARTIAL ELEVATION VIEW - MULTIPLE UTILITY LINES

DATE: 30Apr2020
UTILITY BLOCKOUT DETAILS FILE NO. 17.03-19
END OF BEAM/GIRDER DETAILS - STEEL BEAMS/GIRDERS:
The details shown below and in File Nos. 17.03-20 thru -23 are for the designer’s information
only. See Introduction File No. 17.00-1.
For details not shown below, see File Nos. 17.05-1 thru -10 for full integral abutments, and File
Nos. 17.07-1 thru -12 for semi-integral abutments.
 For Full Integral Abutments – Skew = 0°:
TYPICAL END OF BEAM/GIRDER DETAIL
SECTION A-A
Show dimensions U, V, W, X and Y on the beam/girder detail sheets.
For explanation of numbered circles, see File No. 17.03-24.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
END OF BEAM/GIRDER DETAILS - STEEL BEAMS/GIRDERS FILE NO. 17.03-20
 For Full Integral Abutments – Skew > 0°:
SECTION A-A
Show dimensions U, V, W, X and Y on the beam/girder detail sheets.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
 For Semi-Integral Abutments – Skew = 0°:
SECTION A-A
Show dimensions W and Y on the beam/girder detail sheets.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
 For Semi-Integral Abutments – Skew > 0°:
SECTION A-A
Show dimensions W and Y on the girder/beam detail sheets.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
Notes for End of Steel Beam/Girder Details:
The following notes apply to the details shown in File Nos. 17.03-20 thru -23.
1 The size of the slots in bottom flange and the distance from end of beam/girder shall be
determined by the designer. The distance between the centerline of slots and the
centerline of beam/girder shall also be determined by the designer and based on the
minimum edge distances shown in the AASHTO LRFD specifications, Section 6.13.2.6.6.
2 The distance from the end of beam/girder to the centerline of the 11/2” ø holes shall be
determined by the designer and based on the width of abutment used.
3 Stud shear connectors shall be used for anchorage of the beam/girder to the integral
abutment and shall be located on each side of beam/girder. Neglect the reinforcing bars
passing through the web. The first shear stud connector shall be located a minimum of
3” and a maximum of 6” from the flanges. The number and spacing of the stud shear
connectors shall be determined by the designer. The designer shall assure there is
adequate clearance provided between the shear stud connectors and the 11/2” ø holes
for the AH series bars.
4 Stud shear connectors shall be located a minimum of 21/2” from the end of beam/girder.
5 A series of 11/2” ø holes shall be provided for the AH series bars to pass through. These
holes shall be located a minimum of 3” and a maximum of 6” from the bottom flange and
shall be spaced at 12” maximum. The top hole through the web shall be located at a
sufficient distance from the top flange to fit within the stirrup bar enclosing the area.
6 Face of integral backwall is not to be shown in detail.
7 Provide flange clip detail (Section A-A) only where required.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 18May2016
END OF BEAM DETAILS – PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS:
For details not shown below, see File Nos. 17.05-1 thru -10 for full integral abutments, and File
Nos. 17.07-1 thru -12 for semi-integral abutments.
The details shown below and in File Nos. 17.03-25 thru -27 are for the designer’s information
only. See Introduction File Nos. 17.00-1.
 For Full/Semi-Integral Abutments:
TYPICAL END OF BEAM DETAIL
SECTION A-A
For Notes referenced to above, see File Nos. 17.03-26 and -27.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 15Oct2015
END OF BEAM DETAILS – PREST. CONCRETE BEAMS FILE NO. 17.03-25
 For Full Integral Abutments:
TYPICAL END OF BEAM PART PLAN - SKEW = 0°
TYPICAL END OF BEAM PART PLAN - 0° < SKEW ≤ 30°
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
 For Semi-Integral Abutments:
TYPICAL END OF BEAM PART PLAN - SKEW = 0°
TYPICAL END OF BEAM PART PLAN - 0° < SKEW ≤ 30°
Notes for End of Prestressed Concrete Beam Details:
1. The detail shown above was developed for a prestressed concrete Bulb-T embedded in a
semi-integral abutment backwall. Beam end detail for full-integral abutments is similar
unless noted otherwise.
2. The three 11/2” diameter open holes shown above are for a PCBT-45 Bulb-T. For other
beam depths, increase or decrease the number of holes by one hole for every increase or
decrease in beam depth from the 45” beam depth shown above. For beam depths greater
than 45”, additional holes shall be spaced in 8” increments below the bottom hole shown
above. The designer shall coordinate the locations of 11/2” diameter open holes with that of
the prestressing strands to insure there are no conflicts with strands. In the event of
conflicts between holes and strands, the designer may either change hole spacing or change
the draped strand locations as specified in File No. 12.03-2.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
3. The dimension shown may be adjusted when necessary to provide a minimum concrete
cover of 3” for reinforcing steel located below the approach slab seat and/or to avoid
conflicts with prestressing strands. All holes shall be located within the web of the beam.
4. The dimension shown may be adjusted as necessary to provide a minimum concrete cover
of 3” for SH06 series longitudinal bars to the face of integral abutment/backwall.
5. For semi-integral abutment backwalls, the distance from end of beam to face of integral
backwall shall normally be 9”. For full-integral abutments, the distance from end of beam to
face of integral abutment shall normally be 1’-5”.
6. Modify the end of the beam shown in the Part Plan and Part Elevation shown on the
prestressed concrete beam standard sheet to show the location of the 11/2” diameter open
holes in the beam web and to reflect the BC05 and BC06 series bars shown. For semi-
integral abutments for bridges on skews, modify the Part Plan to show the top flange clip or
beam end bevel.
7. BC05 series bars shall be lapped with the BL05 series bars.
8. A minimum of 4 – BC06 series bars required. Provide distance from bottom of beam to
centerline of bars and horizontal bar spacing on plans. Spacing bars in similar locations to
those typically shown for the bottom position of BC0602 continuity bars is recommended.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE (EPS) DETAILS:
All integral abutments shall be provided with a layer of expanded polystyrene as shown below.
The thickness of the Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) layer at the bottom of the integral
backwall/abutment shall be determined using the following formula:
h height of integral backwall/abutment in inches
L total thermal movement for entire temperature range in inches (total of expansion
and contraction)
EPS t EPS thickness in inches (shall not be < 10”)
EPS t = 10 [ 0.01h + 0.67(ΔL) ]
The designer shall ensure that the latest version of the “Special Provision for Elastic Inclusion” is
placed in the contract. Elastic Inclusion is the combination of the elasticized EPS material and
the geotextile separation fabric.
SECTION SECTION
Showing full integral with approach slab Showing full integral without approach slab
SECTION SECTION
Showing semi-integral with approach slab Showing semi-integral without approach slab
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE (EPS) DETAILS FILE NO. 17.03-29
STEEL MEMBER VENT HOLE DETAIL – INTEGRAL ABUTMENTS:
BEAM/GIRDER END VENT HOLE DETAIL
Steel beams/girders when used on integral abutment bridges shall have a 3" diameter hole
located as shown in the above detail.
The location of the vent hole shall be on the high end of the bridge. If the bridge is level, then
place hole on both ends.
The hole is to allow water to vent trapped air under the bridge during high water.

DATE: 06Feb2012
MISCELLANEOUS ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET 30 of 33
INTEGRAL ABUTMENT - STEEL MEMBER VENT HOLE FILE NO. 17.03-30
CONSTRUCTION JOINTS:
General Information:
Horizontal and vertical construction joints may be utilized for abutments to facilitate placement of
concrete and/or to accommodate for phased construction.
Provisions shall be made in the design and detailing of abutments to allow the use of construction
joints to facilitate the placement of concrete or phased construction. The locations shall be
shown on the PLAN and ELEVATION views on the abutment detail sheets.
LOCATION OF PERMISSIBLE HORIZONTAL CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
All construction joints shall conform to the requirements set forth in Sections 404.03(g) and (h) of
the current VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications and as specified herein.
Contact surfaces of the previously poured concrete shall be roughened thoroughly and cleaned of
all dirt, laitance, loose aggregate and other foreign material by means of sandblasting. The set
concrete surface shall be thoroughly wetted prior to the next pour of fresh concrete.
Continuous vertical and horizontal reinforcement shall extend through construction joints for a
minimum distance of a lap length in order to provide a lap splice with the next length of bar.
Vertical bars required in the section above the construction joint shall be embedded below the
joint a minimum of a development length.
Concrete shall be placed in one continuous operation between construction joints.
Shear keys shall be provided in construction joints where required to meet the requirements of
the AASHTO LRFD specifications for interface shear (shear friction) across the plane of the
construction joint.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
CONSTRUCTION JOINTS FILE NO. 17.03-31
Shear Keys:
When shear keys are required by design, minimum width of key shall be one-third the width of
construction joint with a minimum depth of 11/2”.
For skewed abutments, shear key construction joints shall be perpendicular to the abutment.
Shear keys for the construction joints shall be poured continuous with and at the same time as
the section below the joint.
When construction joints require a shear key, a TYPICAL SHEAR KEY DETAIL shall be shown
on the abutment detail sheets of the plan assembly.
TYPICAL SHEAR KEY DETAIL
Vertical Construction Joints:
When vertical construction joints are required for phase construction, the joints shall be located
between beam/girder seats/pads as shown in the partial plan below.
PARTIAL PLAN - VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION JOINT LOCATION
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
All vertical construction joints shall be provided with a waterstop and shear key that extend from
the top of abutment wall to top of footing.
Waterstops shall conform to the requirements of Section 213 of the VDOT Road and Bridge
Specifications.
When abutments require a vertical construction joint, a TYPICAL VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION

JOINT DETAIL shall be shown on the abutment detail sheets of the plan assembly.
TYPICAL VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION JOINT DETAIL
When a vertical construction joint in the footing is required, the construction joint shall be offset a
minimum of 6” from the neatwork construction joint to provide an area on which to set formwork.
CONSTRUCTION JOINT OFFSET
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
This section of the chapter establishes the practices and requirements necessary for the design
of full integral abutments.
The sample design calculations are based on the 8th Edition of the AASHTO LRFD Specifications
and VDOT Modifications (IIM-S&B-80.6). The designer is responsible for ensuring design is in
accordance with current editions.
Use a single row of vertical piles (steel H-piles or prestressed concrete square piles only). Other
pile types (pipe piles, cylinder piles, timber piles, etc.) are not permitted.
For steel H-piles, only sizes HP 10x42, 10x57, 12x53 and 12x63 are allowed. The web of the H-
pile shall be perpendicular to the centerline of the beams/girders regardless of the skew. This will
facilitate the bending about the weak axis of the pile.
For prestressed concrete piles, only 12”, 14” and 18” sizes are allowed. Refer to Part 2, Chapter
12 (section 12.08) for more information pertaining to prestressed piles for full integral abutments.
Maximum pile spacing shall not exceed beam/girder spacing.
Avoid high abutment walls except for short spans where anticipated movements are small and
can be easily tolerated. Limit the total abutment height to a maximum of 17 feet from finished
grade to bottom of footing.
Wingwalls supported by the abutment shall be limited to 6 feet for straight wings (elephant ear
length beyond the 6 feet extension of footing to support wingwall shall be considered). Length of
U-back wings shall be limited to 8 feet. The portion of the wall beyond shall be designed as a
free-standing retaining wall. If not, an independent retaining wall system, which does not move,
shall be considered.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SHEET 1 of 68
SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS
The calculations provided do not correspond to the sample plans shown in File Nos. 17.05-3 thru -8
TYPICAL TRANSVERSE SECTION AND SECTION THROUGH INTEGRAL ABUTMENT:
UNITS:
ft lb lb
ft := 1L lb := 1M in := k := 1000  lb ton := 2000  lb psf := psi :=
12 2 2
ft in
lb lb k k k
pcf := plf := ksf := klf := ksi :=
3 ft 2 ft 2
ft ft in
GIVEN AND ASSUMPTIONS:
*NOTE: Design is for a 2-span continuous structure with fixed pier / bent
γsoil := 145  pcf Unit weight of soil (select backfill material) File No. 17.13-5
Kp := 4 Accounts for the use of EPS material behind backwall
W Bridge := 43.33  ft Bridge width
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS FILE NO. 17.04-2
W clear := 40  ft Clear bridge width (curb to curb)
LBridge := 150  ft Bridge length
LThermal := 75  ft Span Length of thermal expansion
SBeam := 9.333  ft Beam/girder spacing
ag := 1.5in Maximum aggregate size
Overhang := 3.0  ft Deck Slab (and integral backwall) overhang
HBackwall := 6.33  ft Backwall height (measured from top of deck at low edge of bridge)
Hftg := 3.0  ft Height/depth of footing
Dap := 1.5  ft Depth of approach slab at backwall
CS := .02 Crown rate (cross slope) of bridge deck
( )
Δh := 2  CS  SBeam = 0.37 ft Change in height of backwall
TBackwall := 2.5  ft Thickness of footing and backwall
Twing := 1.5  ft Thickness of wingwall
Lwing := 6  ft Length of wingwall
Tdeck := 8.5  in Thickness of the deck
NGirders := 5 Number of girders
TBottomflange := 1  in Thickness of bottom flange of beam/girder
BBottomflange := 12  in Width of bottom flange
dc := 3.5  in Distance from the face of concrete to center of reinforcing steel
f'c := 4  ksi Compressive strength of backwall and wingwall concrete
f'cf := 3  ksi Compressive strength of footing concrete
Fy := 60  ksi Yield strength of reinforcing steel
Es := 29000  ksi Modulus of elasticity of steel
γRC := 150  pcf Unit weight of reinforced concrete
2 6
 γRC   3 
Ec := 120000      f'c (3 ksi)2  ft 2 Modulus of elasticity of concrete (Backwall)
 1000  lb
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
2 6
 γRC   3 
Ecf := 120000      f'cf (3 ksi)2  ft 2 Modulus of elasticity of concrete (Footing)
 1000  lb
θ := 30  deg Bridge skew angle
δ := 25  deg Angle of wall friction
t min := 0  deg Minimum bridge exposure temperature
t max := 120  deg Maximum bridge exposure temperature
-6  1 
α := 6.5  10   Coefficient of thermal expansion
 deg 
ΔLD := 0.5in Unfactored horizontal deflection due to deck pour (per abutment)
Es Modular ratio of steel to concrete for the backwall

nb :=
Ec and wingwall
Es
nf := Modular ratio of steel to concrete for the footing
E cf
LRFD LOAD FACTORS:
γTU := 1.2 For temperature induced loads AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-1
γEH := 1.35 For passive earth pressure for Strength AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-2
γEHs := 1.0 For passive earth pressure for Service AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-1
DL LL TU EH
 1.25 1.75 γTU γEH 
  Strength I
 1.25 1.35 γTU γEH  Strength II AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-1 & 2
γLDF :=  
 1.0 1.0 γTU γEHs  Service I
 1.0 1.3 γTU γEHs  Service II

ηD := 1.00 Load modifier (Ductility) AASHTO LRFD 1.3.3
ηR := 1.00 Load modifier (Redundancy) AASHTO LRFD 1.3.4
ηI := 1.00 Load modifier (Importance) AASHTO LRFD 1.3.5
η := ηD  ηR  ηI Overall Load Modifier AASHTO LRFD 1.3.2.1-1
η = 1.00 Per current VDOT IIM-S&B-80.6, all load modifiers shall be = 1.0 for all Limit
States, except for: Fracture critical structures, Not-easily-widened
structures, Post-tensioned superstructures, Structures with tendons
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
LRFD REDUCTION FACTORS:
AASHTO LRFD 5.5.4.2
ϕb := 0.90 For bending in reinforced concrete
ϕv := 0.90 For shear in reinforced concrete
AASHTO LRFD 6.5.4.2
ϕf := 1.00 For structural steel in flexure
ϕvs := 1.00 For structural steel in shear

ϕvd := 0.75 For shear in dowels
ϕsc := 0.85 For shear connector (studs)
ϕbp := 1.00 For undamaged piles in bending
ϕcp := 0.70 For undamaged piles in axial loading
ϕcpd := 0.50 For damaged piles in pure axial loading
ϕbab := 1.00 For bending in anchor bolts
ϕvab := 0.75 For shear in anchor bolts
ϕcab := 0.70 For axial capacity of anchor bolts in compression
LOAD DEFINITIONS:
Ph Passive earth pressure at bottom of backwall (hinge location)
Rh Resultant passive earth pressure acting along the backwall
Pf Passive earth pressure at bottom of footing
Rf Resultant passive earth pressure acting along the footing
The backwall, overhang, and wingwalls are designed for bending about the y-axis with
the following assumptions:
· backwall acts as a continuous beam supported by the girders

· overhang and wingwall act as a single cantilevered beam supported by the exterior
girders
The vertical steel (resisting bending about the X-axis), shall be as defined by stirrup calculations
below
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
BACKWALL DESIGN:
Live load surcharge considered, but

Live Load Surcharge LS
not added in to design calculations, AAHSTO LRFD 3.11.6.4
as it is a transient load
Earth Pressure
HBackwall = 6.33 ft
Δh = 0.37  ft Change in height of backwall
Hftg = 3.00  ft Height of footing
(
Pf := γsoil  K p  HBackwall + Δh + Hftg ) Pf = 5.63  ksf Passive earth pressure at bottom
of footing
(
Ph := γsoil  Kp  HBackwall + Δh ) Ph = 3.89  ksf Passive earth pressure at hinge level
Determine Backwall Moments and Shears:
 1
Rh :=    Ph  ( HBackwall + Δh) Resultant passive earth pressure per
 2 foot on backwall
k
Rh = 13.03 
ft
For Simplicity, use the following Equations to Determine Moments, Shear, and Reaction
SBeam
LGS := LGS = 10.78  ft Girder spacing along skew
cos ( θ)
AISC Table 3-23.42 (assuming 4 equal continuous spans)
MposBW := 0.0772  Rh  LGS ( )2 MposBW = 116.8  ft  k Maximum positive moment
MnegBW := 0.107  Rh  LGS ( )2 MnegBW = 161.9  ft  k Maximum negative moment
VmaxBW := 0.607  Rh  LGS ( ) VmaxBW = 85.2  k Maximum shear
RmaxBW := 1.14  Rh  LGS ( ) RmaxBW = 160.1  k Maximum reaction at beam/girder
2
 Overhang 
MOH := 0.5  Rh   
 cos ( θ)  MOH = 78.2  ft  k Moment due to overhang
 Overhang 
VOH := Rh   
 cos ( θ)  VOH = 45.1  k Shear due to overhang
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
(
MmaxBW := max MnegBW , MposBW ) MmaxBW = 161.94  k  ft Design moment for inside panel
between girders
VmaxBW = 85.24  k
Concrete Design of Backwall:
Flexural Design for backwall between girders:
MuBW := γEH  η  MmaxBW MuBW = 218.6  k  ft Factored moment for integral backwall
First, try 6-#6 bars at equal spacing
2
BarAreaBW := 0.44in BarDiamBW := 0.75in NumberBarsBW := 6
2
AsBW := BarAreaBW  NumberBarsBW = 2.64  in Amount of reinforcement in outermost layer of
reinforcing steel
bBW := HBackwall - Dap bBW = 57.96  in
Depth to centroid of outermost layer of reinforcing

dBW := TBackwall - dc dBW = 26.50  in
steel
TBW := Fy  AsBW TBW = 158.40  k Total tension force in reinforcing steel
β := 0.85 For concrete strength not exceeding 4 ksi
TBW
aBW := aBW = 0.80  in Depth of compression block
(β  f'c  bBW )
 aBW 
MnBW := TBW   dBW -  MnBW = 344.49  k  ft
 2 
ϕb  MnBW = 310.05  k  ft MuBW = 218.61  k  ft
( )
if ϕb  MnBW > MuBW , "Strength Adequate" , "Re-design" = "Strength Adequate"
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Check Minimum Reinforcement Requirement: AASHTO LRFD 5.6.3.3
f r := 0.24 f'c  ksi = 0.48  ksi Modulus of rupture AASHTO LRFD 5.4.2.6
1
   bBW   TBackwall  = 130410.00  in
3 4
I gBW := Gross moment of inertia
 
12
TBackwall
yBw := = 15.00  in
2
γ1 := 1.6 Not a segmental precast structure
γ2 := 1.0 Unbonded tendons in prestressed concrete
γ3 := 0.67 Assuming A615 Grade 60
I gBW 3
ScBW := = 8694.00  in
yBw
3
f cpe := 0ksi Mdnc := 0.0k  ft Snc := 1.in fcpe,Mdnc and Snc are not applicable for the project
  ScBW  Cracking moment

( )
McrBW := γ3   γ1  f r + γ2  f cpe S cBW - Mdnc   - 1.0
  Snc  AASHTO LRFD 5.6.3.3-1
McrBW = 372.80  k  ft
1.33  MuBW = 290.76  k  ft Factored design load
Minimum reinforcement requires that ϕb  Mn should not be less than McrBW and 1.33  Mu
(
MrBW := min McrBW , 1.33MuBW = 290.76  k  ft ) Factored flexural demand - for cracking
ϕb  MnBW = 310.05  k  ft Nominal resistance
( )
if ϕb  MnBW > MrBW , "Min. reinforcement Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. reinforcement Met"
Additional Reinforcement Checks:
Crack Control: AASHTO LRFD 5.6.7
dc
βsBW := 1 + = 1.19
0.7  dBW ( )
MServiceBW := γEHs  η  MmaxBW = 161.94  ft  k Max service moment
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
AsBW
ρBW := = 0.0017
bBW  dBW
rhonBW := ρBW  nb = 0.012
2
k ssBW := rhonBW + 2  rhonBW - rhonBW = 0.14 Value of k for service limit state
k ssBW Value of j for service limit state

jssBW := 1 - = 0.95
3
MServiceBW Calculated tensile strength at service limit state
f sscalcBW := = 29.15  ksi
AsBW  jssBW  dBW
Rebar tensile strength limit

f ssMax := 0.6  Fy = 36.00  ksi
( )
f ssBW := min f sscalcBW , f ssMax = 29.15  ksi
k
700 
in
s maxBW := - 2  dc = 13.20  in Maximum bar spacing from AASHTO check
βsBW  f ssBW
bBW - 2  3.5in
s actualBW := = 10.19  in Bar spacing from user-defined bar layout
NumberBarsBW - 1
(
if s actualBW < s maxBW , "Crack control met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Crack control met" )
Reinforcement Spacing Checks: AASHTO LRFD 5.10.3
ag = 1.50  in Maximum aggregate size
( )
s MinimumBW := max 1.5  BarDiamBW , 1.5  ag , 1.5in = 2.25  in Minimum spacing
(
if s actualBW > s MinimumBW , "Min. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. spacing met" )
(
s MaximumBW := min 1.5  TBackwall , 18in = 18.00  in ) Maximum spacing
(
if s actualBW < s MaximumBW , "Max. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Max. spacing met" )
Temp / Shrinkage Steel Check:

AASHTO LRFD 5.10.6
1.3  bBW  TBackwall k 2
AsTSBW :=  = 0.21  in
(
2  bBW + TBackwall  Fy in)
(
if AsBW > A sTSBW , "Temp+Shrink. Steel Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Temp+Shrink. Steel Met" )
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Shear Design: AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2
General Procedure in Determining Shear Resistance:
Use General Procedure 5.7.3.4.2 for determination of shear resistance. Conservatively assume that
the minimum amount of transverse shear reinforcement is not provided (AASHTO 5.7.2.5). If
considering minimum amount shear reinforcement is provided, the following procedure to be
modified for including transverse steel, check AASHTO 5.7.3.4.2 for modifications.
VuBW := γEH  η  VmaxBW = 115.08  k Factored shear from passive earth pressure
MuBW = 218.61  k  ft Factored moment from passive earth pressure
 MnBW 
dvBW := max 0.9dBW , 0.72TBackwall ,
( AsBW  Fy)
= 26.10  in AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.8

s xBW := dvBW Distance from CL compression area to CL tension
( )
MuBW := max MuBW , V uBW  dvBW = 250.28  k  ft
AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2
1.38
s xeBW := s xBW  = 16.91  in Crack spacing
1 AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-7
ag    + 0.63 parameter
 in 
 MuBW 
 + VuBW
 dvBW  Longitudinal AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-4
ε sBW := = 3.01E-003
Es  A sBW tensile strain
4.8 51
βBW. :=  = 1.35
(1 + 750  εsBW )  1  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-2
sxeBW    + 39
  
in 
AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-3
( )
θvBW := 29 + 3500  ε sBW  deg = 39.52  deg
AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-3

VcBW := 0.0316  βBW. (f'c)  ksi  bBW  dvBW = 128.61  k

VnBW := 0.5  VcBW = 64.31  k
ϕv  V nBW = 57.88  k
( )
if ϕv  VnBW > VuBW , "Design Adequate" , "Shear Reinf. Required" = "Shear Reinf. Required"
Check capacity with shear reinforcement (#4 stirrups spaced at 12" oc)
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
2
AvBW := 0.4  in Shear reinforcement
s vBW := 12  in Reinforcement Spacing
AvBW  Fy  dvBW  cot θvBW( )

VsBW := = 63.27  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-4
s vBW
Vn1BW := VcBW + V sBW = 191.88  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-1
Vn2BW := 0.25f'c  bBW  dvBW = 1512.65  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-2
(
VnBW := min Vn1BW , Vn2BW = 191.88  k )
ϕv  V nBW = 172.69  k
VuBW = 115.08  k
(
if ϕv  VnBW > VuBW , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate")
Shear reinforcement: #4 stirrup spaced at 12" oc
Shear Stud Design at End of Girders:
dsc := 0.875  in Diameter of shear stud
π 2 2
Asc :=  dsc = 0.60  in Cross-sectional area of a single stud
4
Fu.sc := 60  ksi Specified minimum tensile strength
(
Qn.sc := min 0.5  Asc  f'c  Ec , Asc  Fu.sc ) Nominal shear resistance of a single stud
Qn.sc = 36.08  k ϕsc = 0.85 AASHTO LRFD 6.10.10.4.3-1
Qr.sc := ϕsc  Qn.sc = 30.67  k

Factored reaction due to the passive earth
Ru.sc := γEH  η  RmaxBW = 216.13  k
pressure acting on the backwall
Ru.sc
nstuds := nstuds = 7.05 Total number of shear studs required
(Qr.sc)
(
nstuds := Round nstuds , 2 = 8.00 ) Round total number of shear studs required
nstuds
nperside := Number of shear studs per side of web
2
nperside = 4.00 Min Number of shear studs required on each side of the web
nstuds = 8.00 Total required number of shear studs per girder
Use 8 shear studs (4 on each side)
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
OVERHANG DESIGN:
Earth Pressure:
Lwing = 6.00 ft
Overhang = 3.00 ft
HBackwall = 6.33 ft
Kp = 4.00
Overhang
Lw := Lwing + Lw = 9.46  ft Length of cantilever from exterior girder
cos ( θ)
Dap = 1.50 ft Depth of approach slab
Hbf := 12  in Wingwall depth below top of footing
Hw := HBackwall + Hbf = 7.33 ft Total height of wingwall
Ltop := 0  ft Top dimension of flat portion of wingwall
Lslope := Lwing - Ltop = 6.00 ft Length of slope portion of wingwall
H1 := 4ft Depth of slope of wingwall
H1
Slope := = 0.67
Lslope
H2 := Hw - H1 = 3.33 ft Height of end of wingwall
H2
L2 := = 5.00 ft Length of extended triangle pyramid used for calculation
Slope
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
lb
γsoil = 145.00
3.00
ft
pDap := γsoil  Kp  Dap = 0.870  ksf Passive earth pressure at depth of approach slab
pHback := γsoil  K p  HBackwall = 3.671  ksf Passive earth pressure at bottom of backwall
pH2 := γsoil  K p  H2 = 1.93  ksf Passive earth pressure at left end bottom of wingwall
pHw := γsoil  Kp  Hw = 4.251  ksf Passive earth pressure at bottom of wing wall
1 k Resultant passive earth pressure per foot on wingwall,

EPDap := pDap  Dap = 0.65 
2 ft at depth of approach slab

EPbackwall := pHback  HBackwall = 11.62 
2 ft at bottom of backwall

EPH2 := pH2  H2 = 3.22 
2 ft at left end bottom of wingwall
1 k
EPHw := pHw  Hw = 15.58  Resultant passive earth pressure per foot on wingwall,
2 ft at bottom of wingwall
(Lslope + L2) Earth pressure of entire sloped triangle to non-existent

VHw := EPHw  = 57.11  k
3 tip, calculated as volume of a triangular pyramid
L2 Earth pressure of non-existant end of triangle,

VH2 := EPH2  = 5.35  k
3 calculated as volume of a triangular pyramid
VtrapezoidOH := VHw - VH2 = 51.75  k Resultant earth pressure in trapezoidal area of

wingwall below slope
 ( L2 + Lslope)  L2 
VHw  - VH2   + Lslope
 4 4 
CG := = 2.28 ft
V trapezoidOH
 Overhang  Moment about CL

MtrapezoidOH := VtrapezoidOH   CG + Ltop +  = 297.43  k  ft
 cos ( θ)  exterior girder
Total earth pressure in rectangular area

VrectOH := EPHw  Ltop = 0.00  k
of wingwall
 Ltop Overhang  Moment in rectangular area of

MrectOH := VrectOH   +  = 0.00  k  ft
 2 cos ( θ)  wingwall, about CL exterio r girder
Overhang
Vbackwall := EPbackwall  = 40.25  k
cos ( θ)
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Overhang
Mbackwall := Vbackwall  = 69.72  k  ft
2 cos ( θ)
ASBreak := 0 Toggle: 0 if approach slab ends at wing break, 1 if

approach slab extends to wing taper break
 Overhang 
VDap := EPDap   ASBreak  Ltop +  = 2.26  k
 cos ( θ) 
 Overhang 
 ASBreak  Ltop + 
 cos ( θ) 
MDap := VDap  = 3.92  k  ft
2
VmaxOH := VtrapezoidOH + V rectOH + Vbackwall - VDap = 89.74  k Total shear force in

overhang at CL exterior
MmaxOH := MtrapezoidOH + MrectOH + Mbackwall - MDap = 363.23  k  ft Total moment in
overhang at CL exterior
VuOH := γEH  η  VmaxOH
VuOH = 121.15  k Factored shear force for overhang
MuOH := γEH  η  MmaxOH MuOH = 490.37  k  ft Factored moment for overhang
Concrete Design:
Flexure Design:
First, try 7-#6 bars for adequacy
2
BarAreaOH := 0.44in BarDiamOH := 0.75in NumberBarsOH := 7
2 Amount of reinforcement in outermost layer of

AsOH := BarAreaOH  NumberBarsOH = 3.08  in
reinforcing steel
dOH := TBackwall - dc = 26.50  in Depth to centroid of outermost layer of reinforcing

steel
bOH := bBW = 4.83 ft Height of backwall w/o including depth of D.ap
TOH := Fy  AsOH TOH = 184.80  k Total tension force in reinforcing steel
TOH
aOH :=
( 0.85  f'c  bOH) aOH = 0.94  in Depth of compression block
 aOH 
MnOH := TOH   dOH -  = 400.88  k  ft
 2 
ϕb  MnOH = 360.79  k  ft Nominal resistance
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
MuOH = 490.37  k  ft Factored design load
( )
if ϕb  MnOH > MuOH , "Strength Adequate" , "Redesign Required" = "Redesign Required"
1
   ( bOH)   TBackwall  = 130410.00  in
3 4
I gOH := Gross moment of inertia
 
12
TBackwall
yOH := = 15.00  in
2
I gOH 3
ScOH := = 8694.00  in
yOH
3
  ScOH  Cracking moment

McrOH := γ3  ( γ1  f r + γ2  f cpe) ScOH - Mdnc   - 1.0
McrOH = 372.80  k  ft
1.33  MuOH = 652.19  k  ft Factored design load
Minimum reinforcement requires that ϕb  MnOH should not be less than OH and 1.33  MuOH
( )
MrOH := min McrOH , 1.33MuOH = 372.80  k  ft Factored flexural demand - for cracking
( )
if ϕb  MnOH > MrOH , "Min reinforcement Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Requirement Failed"
If failed - Increase Steel - Try 8 #7 bars: (If all bars same size, leave second bar values at 0)
2
BarArea1OH := 0.6in BarDiam1OH := 0.88in NumberBars1OH := 8
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
2
As1OH := BarArea1OH  NumberBars1OH = 4.80  in 8 #7 bars in backwall
2
BarArea2OH := 0in BarDiam2OH := 0in NumberBars2OH := 0
2
As2OH := BarArea2OH  NumberBars2OH = 0.00  in 0 #6 bars in backwall
2
AsOH := As1OH + A s2OH = 4.80  in Total Amount of reinforcement
dOH = 2.21 ft Depth to centroid of outermost layer of steel
TOH := Fy  AsOH TOH = 288.00  k Total tension force in steel
TOH
aOH := aOH = 1.46  in
( 0.85  f'c  bOH) Depth of compression block
 aOH 
MnOH := TOH   dOH -  MnOH = 618.46  k  ft
 2 
( )
if ϕb  MnOH > MuOH , "Strength Adequate" , "Redesign Required" = "Strength Adequate"
Additional Reinforcement Checks
dc
βsOH := 1 + = 1.19
0.7  dOH
MServiceOH := γEHs  η  MmaxOH = 363.23  ft  k Max service moment
AsOH
ρOH := = 0.0031
bOH  dOH
rhonOH := ρOH  nb = 0.021
2
k ssOH := rhonOH + 2  rhonOH - rhonOH = 0.19
Value of k for service limit state
k ssOH
jssOH := 1 - = 0.94 Value of j for service limit state
3
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
MServiceOH
f sscalcOH := = 36.53  ksi Calculated tensile strength at service limit
AsOH  jssOH  dOH state
f ssMax := 0.6  Fy = 36.00  ksi Rebar tensile strength limit
( )
f ssOH := min fsscalcOH , f ssMax = 36.00  ksi
k
700 
in
s maxOH := - 2  dc = 9.36  in Maximum bar spacing from AASHTO check
βsOH  f ssOH
NumberBarsOH := NumberBars1OH + NumberBars2OH = 8
bOH - 2  3.5in
s actualOH := = 7.28  in Bar spacing from user-defined bar layout
NumberBarsOH - 1
( )
if s actualOH < s maxOH , "Crack control met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Crack control met"
(
BarDiamOH := max BarDiam1OH , BarDiam2OH = 0.88  in )
(
s MinimumOH := max 1.5  BarDiamOH , 1.5  ag , 1.5in = 2.25  in ) Minimum spacing
(
if s actualOH > s MinimumOH , "Min. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. spacing met")
( )
s MaximumOH := min 1.5  TBackwall , 18in = 18.00  in Maximum spacing
(
if s actualOH < s MaximumOH , "Max. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Max. spacing met" )
Temp / Shrinkage Steel Check AASHTO LRFD 5.10.6
1.3  bOH  TBackwall k 2

AsTS.OH :=  = 0.21  in
( )
2  bOH + TBackwall  Fy in
( )
if AsOH > AsTS.OH , "Temp+Shrink. Steel Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Temp+Shrink. Steel Met"
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020

Use General Procedure 5.8.3.4.2 for determination of shear resistance. Conservatively assuming
that the minimum amount of transverse shear reinforcement is not provided (AASHTO 5.8.2.5). If
VuOH = 121.15  k Factored shear from passive earth pressure for overhang
MuOH = 490.37  k  ft Factored moment from passive earth pressure
 MnOH 
dvOH := max 0.9dOH , 0.72TBackwall ,
( AsOH  Fy)
= 25.77  in AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.8

s xOH := dvOH distance from CL compressio n area to CL tension
( )
MuOH := max MuOH , VuOH  dvOH = 490.37  k  ft AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2
1.38
s xeOH := s xOH  = 16.70  in Crack spacing
1 AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-7
 in 
 MuOH 
 + V uOH
Longitudinal tensile
 dvOH  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-4
ε sOH := = 2.51E-003 strain
Es  AsOH
4.8 51
βOH :=  = 1.52
(1 + 750  εsOH)  1  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-2
s xeOH    + 39
  
in 
( )
θvOH := 29 + 3500  ε sOH  deg = 37.79  deg AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-3
VcOH := 0.0316  βOH (f'c)  ksi  bOH  dvOH = 143.91  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-3
VnOH := 0.5  VcOH VnOH = 71.95  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.3-1
ϕv  V nOH = 64.76  k VuOH = 121.15  k
( )
if ϕv  VnOH > VuOH , "Design Adequate" , "Shear Reinf. Required" = "Shear Reinf. Required"
Check capacity with standard shear reinforcement (#4 stirrups spaced at 12" oc)
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
2
AvOH := 0.4  in Shear reinforcement
s vOH := 12  in Reinforcement Spacing
( )
AvOH  Fy  dvOH  cot θvOH AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-4
VsOH := = 66.47  k
s vOH
Vn1OH := VcOH + V sOH = 210.38  k
Vn2OH := 0.25f'c  bOH  dvOH = 1493.59  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-2
( )
VnOH := min Vn1OH , V n2OH = 210.38  k
ϕv  V nOH = 189.34  k
VuOH = 121.15  k
( )
if ϕv  VnOH > VuOH , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate"
WINGWALL DESIGN:
Earth Pressure:
Lwing = 6.00 ft
Overhang = 3.00 ft
HBackwall = 6.33 ft
Kp = 4.00
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Overhang
Lw := Lwing + Lw = 9.46  ft Length of cantilever from exterior girder
cos ( θ)
Dap = 1.50 ft Depth of approach slab
Hbf := 12  in Wingwall depth below top of footing
Hw := HBackwall + Hbf = 7.33 ft Total height of wingwall
Ltop := 0  ft Top dimension of flat portion of wingwall
Lslope := Lwing - Ltop = 6.00 ft Length of slope portion of wingwall
H1 := 4ft Depth of slope of wingwall
H1
Slope := = 0.67
Lslope
H2 := Hw - H1 = 3.33 ft Height of end of wingwall
H2 Length of extended triangle

L2 := = 5.00 ft
Slope pyramid used for calculation
lb
γsoil = 145.00
3.00
ft
pDap := γsoil  Kp  Dap = 0.870  ksf Passive earth pressure at depth of approach slab
pHback := γsoil  K p  HBackwall = 3.671  ksf Passive earth pressure at bottom of backwall
pH2 := γsoil  K p  H2 = 1.93  ksf Passive earth pressure at left end bottom of wingwall
pHw := γsoil  Kp  Hw = 4.251  ksf Passive earth pressure at bottom of wing wall
1 k Resultant passive earth pressure per foot

EPDap := pDap  Dap = 0.65 
2 ft on wingwall, at depth of approach slab
1 k Resultant passive earth pressure per foot on

EPbackwall := pHback  HBackwall = 11.62 
2 ft wingwall, at bottom of backwall
1 k Resultant passive earth pressure per foot

EPH2 := pH2  H2 = 3.22 
2 ft on wingwall, at left end bottom of wingwall
1 k
EPHw := pHw  Hw = 15.58  Resultant passive earth pressure per foot
2 ft on wingwall, at bottom of wingwall
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
(Lslope + L2) Earth pressure of entire sloped triangle to non-existent
VHw := EPHw  = 57.11  k
3 tip, calculated as volume of a triangular pyramid
L2 Earth pressure of non-existant end of triangle,

VH2 := EPH2  = 5.35  k calculated as volume of a triangular pyramid
3
VtrapezoidWW := VHw - V H2 = 51.75  k Resultant earth pressure in trapezoidal area of

wingwall below slope
 ( L2 + Lslope)  L2 
VHw  - VH2   + Lslope
 4 4 
CG := = 2.28 ft
VtrapezoidWW
( )
MtrapezoidWW := V trapezoidWW  CG + Ltop = 118.16  k  ft Moment about CL exterio r girder
VrectWW := EPHw  Ltop = 0.00  k Total earth pressure in rectangular area of wingwall
 Ltop  Moment in rectangular area of

MrectWW := V rectWW    = 0.00  k  ft
 2  wingwall, about CL exterio r girder
Toggle: 0 if approach slab ends at wing break,

ASBreak = 0 1 if approach slab extends to wing taper break
See overhang design section above
( )
VAppWing := EPDap  ASBreak  Ltop = 0.00  k
(ASBreak  Ltop)
MAppWing := V AppWing  = 0.00  k  ft
2
VuWing := VtrapezoidWW + V rectWW - VAppWing = 51.75  k
MuWing := MtrapezoidWW + MrectWW - MAppWing = 118.16  k  ft
VuWW := γEH  η  VuWing VuWW = 69.86  k Factored shear force for

wingwall at end of backwall
MuWW := γEH  η  MuWing
MuWW = 159.51  k  ft Factored moment for wingwall
Flexure Design:
Try 5 #8 bars
bwing := Hw - Hbf - Dap = 4.83 ft
dwing := Twing - dc = 14.50  in
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
2
BarAreaWW := 0.79in BarDiamWW := 1.0in NumberBarsWW := 5
2
AsWW := BarAreaWW  NumberBarsWW = 3.95  in Amount of reinforcement in tension
TWW := Fy  AsWW TWW = 237.00  k Total tension force in steel
TWW
aWW :=
(0.85  f'c  bwing) aWW = 1.20  in Depth of compression block
 aWW 
MnWW := TWW   dwing -  MnWW = 274.50  k  ft
 2 
ϕb  MnWW = 247.05  k  ft Nominal resistance
MuWW = 159.51  k  ft Factored design load
( )
if ϕb  MnWW > MuWW , "Strength Adequate" , "Redesign Required" = "Strength Adequate"
1
   ( bwing)   Twing  = 28168.56  in
3 4
I gWW := Gross moment of inertia
 12 
Twing
yWW := = 9.00  in
2
I gWW 3
ScWW := = 3129.84  in
yWW
3
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
  ScWW  Cracking moment
McrWW := γ3  ( γ1  f r + γ2  f cpe) ScWW - Mdnc   - 1.0
McrWW = 134.21  ft  k
1.33  MuWW = 212.15  k  ft Factored design load
Minimum reinforcement requires that ϕb  Mn should not be less than McrWing and 1.33  Mu
(
MrWW := min McrWW , 1.33MuWW ) MrWW = 134.21  k  ft Factored flexural demand - for cracking
ϕb  MnWW = 247.05  k  ft Nominal resistance
( )
if ϕb  MnWW > MrWW , "Min reinforcement Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min reinforcement Met"
dc
βsWW := 1 + = 1.09
(
0.7  bwing )
MServiceWW := γEHs  η  MuWing = 118.16  ft  k Max service moment
AsWW
ρWW := = 0.0047
bwing  dwing
rhonWW := ρWW  nb = 0.032
2
k ssWW := rhonWW + 2  rhonWW - rhonWW = 0.22 Value of k for service limit state
k ssWW
jssWW := 1 - = 0.93 Value of j for service limit state
3
MServiceWW
f sscalcWW := = 26.74  ksi Calculated tensile strength at service limit state
AsWW  jssWW  dwing
( )
f ssWW := min f sscalcWW , f ssMax = 26.74  ksi
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
k
700 
in
s maxWW := - 2  dc = 17.10  in Maximum bar spacing from AASHTO check
βsWW  f ssWW
bwing - 2  3.5in
s actualWW := = 12.74  in Bar spacing from user-defined bar layout
NumberBarsWW - 1
(
if s actualWW < s maxWW , "Crack control met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Crack control met")
(
s MinimumWW := max 1.5  BarDiamWW , 1.5  ag , 1.5in = 2.25  in ) Minimum spacing
(
if s actualWW > s MinimumWW , "Min. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. spacing met" )
(
s MaximumWW := min 1.5  Twing , 18in = 18.00  in ) Maximum spacing
(
if s actualWW < s MaximumWW , "Max. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Max. spacing met" )
Temp / Shrinkage Steel Check: AASHTO LRFD 5.10.6
1.3  bwing  Twing k 2

AsTS.WW :=  = 0.15  in
( )
2  bwing + Twing  Fy in
(
if AsWW > AsTS.WW , "Temp+Shrink. Steel Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Temp+Shrink. Steel Met")
VuWW = 69.86  k Factored shear from passive earth pressure for overhang
MuWW = 159.51  k  ft Factored moment from passive earth pressure
 MnWW 
dvWW := max 0.9dwing , 0.72Twing ,
(AsWW  Fy)
= 13.90  in
AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.8

ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
s xWW := dvWW Distance from CL compression area to CL tension
(
MuWW := max MuWW , VuWW  dvWW = 159.51  k  ft ) AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2
1.38
s xeWW := s xWW  = 9.00  in Crack spacing
1 AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-7
 in 
 MuWW 
 + VuWW
 dvWW  Longitudinal tensile AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-4
ε sWW := = 1.81E-003
Es  A sWW strain
4.8 51
βWW :=  = 2.16
(1 + 750  εsWW )  1  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-2
s xeWW    + 39
  
in 
( )
θvWW := 29 + 3500  ε sWW  deg = 35.34  deg AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-3
VcWW := 0.0316  βWW (f'c)  ksi  bwing  dvWW = 110.05  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-3
VnWW := 0.5  VcWW VnWW = 55.03  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.3-1
ϕv  V nWW = 49.52  k VuWW = 69.86  k
( )
if ϕv  VnWW > VuWW , "Design Adequate" , "Shear Reinf. Required" = "Shear Reinf. Required"
2
AvWW := 0.4  in Shear reinforcement
s vWW := 12  in Reinforcement Spacing
A vWW  Fy  dvWW  cot θvWW ( )

VsWW := = 39.20  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-4
s vWW
Vn1WW := V cWW + VsWW = 149.25  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-1
Vn2WW := 0.25f'c  bwing  dvWW = 805.57  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-2
(
VnWW := min Vn1WW , Vn2WW = 149.25  k )
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
ϕv  V nWW = 134.32  k
VuWW = 69.86  k
( )
if ϕv  VnWW > VuWW , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate"
PILE DESIGN:
The following design example is based on a 12ft design lane width. However, smaller design lane
widths may be used based on road classification.
W Bridge
Lftg := Lftg = 50.03  ft Length of Footing
cos ( θ)
Lbackwall := Lftg = 50.03 ft
Bftg := TBackwall Bftg = 2.50  ft Width of Footing
Dftg := Hftg Dftg = 3.00  ft Depth of Footing
Lwing = 6.00 ft Length of wingwall
Hwing := Hw = 7.33 ft Height of wingwall
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Twing = 1.50 ft Thickness of wingwall
Lwing1 := Lslope = 6.00 ft Cut slope length of wingwall
Hwing1 := H1 = 4.00 ft Cut slope height of wingwall
Dapproach := Dap = 1.50 ft Depth of approach slab
Sapproach := 7in Width of approach slab support
Dstem := HBackwall - Tdeck Dstem = 5.62  ft Depth of Neatwork
 in 
Rstem :=  Dstem  TBackwall + 10in  10   Lbackwall  γRC = 108.08  k DL abutment backwall
 2
Approach slab weight (if

Rapproach := 95k
present) going to abutment
 Hwing1 
Rwing := 2 Lwing  Hwing - Lwing1    Twing  γRC = 14.39  k DL abutment wingwall
 2 
Rneat := Rstem + Rwing = 122.47  k
Rftg := Lftg  Dftg  B ftg  γRC Rftg = 56.29  k DL Footing
Rsubstr := Rneat + Rftg = 178.76  k

Superstructure Dead Load reaction (including
Rsuper := 604  k
wearing surface but not approach slab)
Rss := Rsuper + Rapproach = 699.00  k
RDL := Rss + Rsubstr = 877.76  k Total dead load load reaction for footing
VLL := 80k Max live load reaction per lane
  W clear   Number of Design Lanes

NL := round     = 3.00
  12  ft   AASHTO LRFD 3.6.1.1.1
 1.2  1 Lane Loaded Multiple Presence Factors

 
 1.0  2 Lanes Loaded
m := AASHTO LRFD Table 3.6.1.1.2-1
  Greater than 3 Lanes Loaded
 0.65 
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
DL LL TU EH
Strength I
 1.25 1.75 1.20 1.35 
  Strength II
γLDF =
 1.25 1.35 1.20 1.35 
 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.00  Service I
  Service II
 1.00 1.30 1.20 1.00 
Pile Specifications:
Assumed use of HP10x42 piles; update values if using different piles

2
Ap := 12.4  in Area of Pile
4
I y := 71.7  in Moment of Inertia of Pile (Weak Axis)
4
I x := 210  in Moment of Inertia of Pile (Strong Axis)
4
J := 0.81  in Torsional Constant for Pile Section
ry := 2.41  in Radius of Gyration of Pile
3
Sy := 14.2  in Elastic Section Modulus of Pile (Weak Axis)
3
Zy := 21.8  in Plastic Section Modulus of Pile (Weak Axis)
3
Sx := 43.4  in Elastic Section Modulus of Pile (Strong Axis)
3
Zx := 48.3  in Plastic Section Modulus of Pile (Strong Axis)
bf := 10.1  in Flange Width
t f := 0.42  in Flange Thickness
dp := 9.7  in Section Depth
t w := 0.415  in Web Thickness

(Begin design iteration with
np := 5 Number of Piles
same number of piles as girders)
K := 0.8 Effective Length Coefficient for column Analysis
Fyp := 50  ksi Yield stress of Pile
LbWScour := 11.17  ft * Depth to Fixity Point, including scour. This is generated from
L-PILE, COM624, Pile GROUP, or other analyses
LbNoScour := 9.37ft * Depth to Fixity Point, ignoring scour. This is generated from
L-PILE, COM624, Pile GROUP, or other analyses
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
LbFinal := LbNoScour = 9.37 ft * Work with Hydraulic engineer to see if scour can be
mitigated to make the final unbraced length L.bNoScour.
Otherwise, replace L.bNoScour here with L.bWScour
Note: Permanent condition pile design is based on the assumption that the adjacent soil is in contact
with the piles. If there may be a gap between soil and pile, designer shall ensure design still works
Pile Loading:
The pile design assumes that each pile is equally loaded
RT := 0  k Axial Load on Pile due to Thermal Loading (No thermal load in axial direction)
REH := 0  k Axial load on piles due to passive earth pressure (Earth pressure is transferred
to the girders)
 1  ( VLL  m0)  One Lane Loaded

 
 2  ( VLL  m1)  Two Lanes Loaded
RLLm :=  
 3  ( VLL  m2)  Three Lanes Loaded
N  ( V  m )  Four+ Lanes Loaded
 L LL 3 
One Lane Loaded
 96.00 
  Two Lanes Loaded
 160.00 
RLLm = k
 204.00  Three Lanes Loaded
  Four+ Lanes Loaded (Ignore if <4 lanes)
 156.00 
(
NLArray := if NL < 5 , NL - 1 , 3 = 2 ) Used to find controlling LL reaction
RLL := RLLm = 204.00  k Controlling reaction from LL

NLArray
-6 1
( )
ΔLT := 0.65α  t max - t min  LThermal  0.65  6.5  10 
deg
 ( 120  deg - 0  deg )  75  ft = 0.46  in
ΔLD = 0.50  in Deflection due to deck pour
ΔLtot := γTU  ΔLT + γLDF ΔLD = 1.17  in

0,0
4
I p := I y = 71.70  in Moment of inertia of piles
ΔLtot  Es Factored total reaction at

Rt := = 17.38  k
3 2 top of piles
LbFinal LbFinal  Hftg
+
3  np  I p 2  np  I p
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
LbFinal
Mtot := Rt  = 32.57  k  ft Total moment at top of each pile
np
 RDL 
 
 np 
 
R  175.55 
 LL 
 
 np  40.80 
Pc := 

 Pc = k
 0.00  Matrix of Axial Loads
 RT 
 
 np   0.00 
 
 REH 
 n 
 p 
 290.84 
 
 274.52 
R := η  γLDF  Pc R= k
 216.35 
 
 228.59 
 0   0.00 
   
0  0.00 
Mb :=   Mb =  k  ft Matrix of pile moments
 Mtot   32.57 
   
 0   0.00 
 0.00 
 
 0.00 
Q := η  Mb Q=  k  ft
 32.57 
 
 0.00 
(
Pu := max R0 , R1 , R2 , R3 ) Pu = 290.84  k Controlling Axial Load
(
Mu := max Q0 , Q1 , Q2 , Q3 ) Mu = 32.57  k  ft Controlling Moment
Determine Axial Capacity of Piles:
(
K  LbFinal )
= 37.32
ry
 ( K  LbFinal)  Fyp
2
λ :=    = 0.24 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.5.1-3
 ( ry  π)  Es
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
 0.88 λ
Fcr := if  λ > 2.25 , , 0.66   Fyp Fcr = 45.19  ksi ϕcp = 0.70 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.5.1-1&2
 λ 
Pu
ϕPn := ϕcp  Fcr  Ap ϕPn = 392.26  k = 0.74
ϕPn
 Pu 
if  < 1 , "Check Interaction Equation" , "Redesign Required"  = "Check Interaction Equation"
 ϕPn 
Flexural Capacity:
Check Web Compactness:
The steel piles will be oriented for weak axis bending. When a doubly symmmetrial I-shape /
W-shape beam is bent about its weak axis, lateral-torsional buckling is no longer of concern. The
web will be a compression element when the loading is in a plane parallel to flanges. For this
reason, the web is inherently compact for weak axis bending. Since the lateral-torsion buckling
will not occur on the doubly sysmmetric I-shape sections bent aboout their weak axis, the flange
local buckling should be avoided in order to achieve the plastic moment condition (most efficient
design). AASHTO 6.12.2.1, AISC F6.
Es
λ pf := 0.38  λ pf = 9.15
Fyp AASHTO LRFD 6.12.2.2.1-4
bf
λ := λ = 12.02
( 2  t f) AASHTO LRFD 6.12.2.2.1-3
Es
λ rf := 0.83  λ rf = 19.99
Fyp AASHTO LRFD 6.12.2.2.1-5
( (
SL := if λ < λ pf , "Flange is compact" , if λ pf < λ < λ rf , "Flange is non-compact" , "Flange is slender" ))
SL = "Flange is non-compact"
My := Fyp  S y My = 59.17  k  ft Yield Moment AASHTO LRFD C6.12.2.2.1
Mp := 1.5  Fyp  S y Mp = 88.75  k  ft Plastic Moment AASHTO LRFD C6.12.2.2.1
Fyr := 0.7  Fyp Fyr = 35.00  ksi AASHTO LRFD C6.10.8.2.2
Mr := Zy  Fyr Mr = 63.58  k  ft Limiting Buckling Moment AASHTO LRFD 6.12.2.2.2-2
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Mp
Rpc := Rpc = 1.50 Plasticification Factor AASHTO LRFD A6.2.1-4
My
  Sy   ( λ - λpf) 
My := 1 -  1 -     Fyp  Zy My = 82.44  k  ft AASHTO LRFD 6.12.2.2.1-2
  Zy    Es  
   0.45  F  
  yp  
Mn := Mp if λ  λpf
Mr if λ  λ rf Mn = 82.44  k  ft Nominal Moment Capacity
My if λ pf < λ < λ rf
ϕf  Mn = 82.44  k  ft Factored Moment Capacity
Interaction Equation:
Mux := 0 Mnx := Mn Based on past VDOT experience only longitudinal

bending needs to be considered. Therefore out-of-plane
Muy := Mu Mny := Mn bending is set to zero in interaction equation.
Pu  Mux Muy 
I a := +  +  I a = 0.77 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-1
2  ϕPn  ϕf  Mnx ϕf  Mny 
Pu 8  Mux Muy 
I b := +  +  I b = 1.09 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-2
ϕPn 9  ϕf  Mnx ϕf  Mny 
Pu
I := Ia if < 0.2
ϕPn
Pu
I b if  0.2 I = 1.09
ϕPn
if ( I < 1 , "Section is Satisfactory" , "Unsatisfactory - Redesign" ) = "Unsatisfactory - Redesign"
Redesign - Pile Loading:
By trial and error: np := 9
ΔLtot  Es
Rt := = 31.28  k Factored total reaction at
3 2 top of piles
LbFinal LbFinal  Hftg
+
3  np I p 2  np I p
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
LbFinal
Mtot := Rt  = 32.57  k  ft Total moment at top of each pile
np
 RDL 
 
 np 
 
R
 LL 
 np   97.53 
Pc := 
  Matrix of Axial Loads
 22.67 

 RT  Pc = k Note to designer:
 0.00 
 np  For bridges with over 4 lanes, designer
 
   0.00  shall review lane load configuration to
 REH  maximize the axial load
 n 
 p   161.58 
 
 152.51 
R := η  γLDF  Pc R= k
 120.20 
 
 127.00 
 0   0.00 
   
0  0.00 
 Mtot   32.57 
   
 0   0.00 
 0.00 
 
 0.00 
Q := η  Mb Q=  k  ft
 32.57 
 
 0.00 
(
Pu := max R0 , R1 , R2 , R3 ) Pu = 161.58  k Controlling Axial Load
(
(
K  LbFinal )
= 37.32
ry
 ( K  LbFinal)  Fyp
2
λ :=    λ = 0.24
 ( ry  π)  Es
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
 0.88 λ
Fcr := if  λ > 2.25 , , 0.66   Fyp Fcr = 45.19  ksi AASHTO LRFD 6.9.5.1-1&2
 λ 
ϕPn := ϕcp  Fcr  Ap ϕPn = 392.26  k Pu

= 0.41
ϕPn
 Pu 
if  < 1 , "Check interaction Equation" , "Redesign Required"  = "Check interaction Equation"
 ϕPn 

Pu  Mux Muy 
I a := +  +  I a = 0.60 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-1
I b := +  +  I b = 0.76 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-2
Pu
I := Ia if < 0.2
ϕPn
Pu
I b if  0.2 I = 0.76
ϕPn
if ( I < 1 , "Section is Satisfactory" , "Unsatisfactory - Redesign" ) = "Section is Satisfactory"
Check P-delta Effect: AASHTO LRFD 3.12.2.3-1 & VDOT S&B IIM80.4
ΔM := ΔLtot  P u ΔM = 15.79  k  ft Additional Moments due to P-Delta Effect
Mux := 0 Mnx := Mn ΔMx := 0 Based on past VDOT experience only longitudinal

Muy := Mu Mny := Mn ΔMy := ΔM bending is set to zero in interaction equation.
Pu  ΔMx + Mux ΔMy + Muy  AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-1

I a := +  +  I a = 0.79
Pu 8  ΔMx + Mux ΔMy + Muy  AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-2

I b := +  +  I b = 0.93
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Pu
I := Ia if < 0.2
ϕPn
Pu
I b if  0.2 I = 0.93
ϕPn
Check to ensure axial load does not exceed capacity assuming damage during pile driving:
ϕPn := ϕcpd  Fcr  A p = 280.18  k Axial capacity assuming pile was damaged during driving
Pu
= 0.58
ϕPn
 Pu 
if  < 1 , "Section is Satisfactory" , "Unsatisfactory - Redesign"  = "Section is Satisfactory"
 ϕPn 
Check maximum service stress on piles:
Designer is responsible for obtaining geotechnical capacity of the bearing strata and verifying the
pile design.
FOOTING DESIGN - VERTICAL PLANE:
Footing Loads:
Design as continuous beam with all loads uniformly distributed along the footing
Lftg = 50.03  ft
Length of Footing
tolerance := 3  in Standard driving tolerance for driven piles
Pilecc := 9  in Clear cover for piles AASHTO LRFD 10.7.1.2
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
dp
Loh := Pilecc + tolerance + = 1.40  ft Cantilever footing length for distributed loads
2
np = 9.00 Number of piles
Lftg - 2  Loh
Sp := + tolerance = 6.15  ft Center to center spacing between the piles
np - 1
Distributed Dead Load:
Rneat = 122.47  k DL of neat wall (backwall and wingwall)
Rftg = 56.29  k DL of Footing
Rss = 699.00  k DL from superstructure
RDL := Rss + Rftg + Rneat RDL = 877.76  k Total Dead load for footing
RDL k
wDL := = 17.54  Uniform distributed dead load along the footing
Lftg ft
Distributed Live Load:
RLL = 204.00  k Maximum axial live load
RLL k Uniform distributed live load along the footing

wLL := = 4.08 
Lftg ft
Strength I - Moment and Shear:
γDL := γLDF Dead load factor

0,0 γDL = 1.25
γLL := γLDF Live load factor

0,1 γLL = 1.75
k
wuFT := γDL  wDL + γLL  wLL wuFT = 29.06  Factored LL+DL lo ad
ft
Overhang Moment and Shear:
( )2
wuFT  Loh
Moh := Moh = 28.65  k  ft Overhang moment
2
Voh := wuFT  Loh Voh = 40.81  k Overhang shear
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Interior of Footing Moment and Shear:
AISC Table 3-23.42 (assuming 4 equal spans)
MintP := 0.0772wuFT  Sp ( )2 MintP = 84.95  k  ft Maximum positive Moment
MintN := 0.107wuFT  Sp ( )2 MintN = 117.74  k  ft Maximum negative Moment
Vint := 0.607  wuFT  Sp Vint = 108.55  k Maximum shear
Design Moment and Shear
(
MmaxFT := max Moh , MintP , MintN ) MmaxFT = 117.74  k  ft Design Moment
(
VuFT := max Voh , Vint ) VuFT = 108.55  k Design Shear
Concrete Design:
hFT := Hftg hFT = 3.00  ft Height of Section resisting flexure
bFT := TBackwall bFT = 2.50  ft Width of Section resisting flexure
Flexure Design:
First, Try 4-#6 bars for adequacy
2
BarAreaFT := 0.44in BarDiamFT := 0.75in NumberBarsFT := 4
2
AsFT := BarAreaFT  NumberBarsFT = 1.76  in Amount of reinforcement in outermost layer of steel
dFT := hFT - dc dFT = 32.50  in Depth to Reinforcing Steel
TFT := Fy  AsFT TFT = 105.60  k Total tension force in steel
TFT
aFT :=
(β  f'c  bFT) aFT = 1.04  in Depth of compression block
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
 aFT 
MnFT := TFT   dFT -  MnFT = 281.44  k  ft
 2 
ϕb  MnFT = 253.30  k  ft Nominal resistance
MuFT := η  MmaxFT = 117.74  k  ft Factored design load
(
if ϕb  MnFT > MuFT , "Strength Adequate" , "Additional Reinf. Required" = "Strength Adequate")
Check Minimum reinforcement requirement: AASHTO LRFD 5.6.3.3
f rFT := 0.24 f'cf  ksi = 0.42  ksi Modulus of rupture AASHTO LRFD 5.4.2.6
1
   ( bFT)   hFT  = 116640.00  in
3 4
I gFT := Gross moment of inertia
 
12
hFT
yFT := = 18.00  in
2
I gFT 3
ScFT := = 6480.00  in
yFT
3
  ScFT  Cracking moment

McrFT := γ3  ( γ1  f rFT + γ2  f cpe) S cFT - Mdnc   - 1.0
McrFT = 240.64  k  ft
1.33  MuFT = 156.60  k  ft Factored design load
Minimum reinforcement requires that ϕb  MnFT should not be less than McrBW and 1.33  Mu
(
MrFT := min McrFT , 1.33MuFT = 156.60  k  ft) Factored flexural demand - for cracking
ϕb  MnFT = 253.30  k  ft Nominal resistance
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
( )
if ϕb  MnFT > MrFT , "Min reinforcement Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min reinforcement Met"
Crack Control
AASHTO LRFD 5.6.7
dc
βsFT := 1 + = 1.15
( )
0.7  dFT
MServiceFT := γEHs  η  MmaxFT = 117.74  ft  k Max service moment
AsFT
ρFT := = 0.0018
bFT  dFT
rhonFT := ρFT  nf = 0.013
2
k ssFT := rhonFT + 2  rhonFT - rhonFT = 0.15
k ssFT
jssFT := 1 - = 0.95 Value of j for service limit state
3
MServiceFT
f sscalcFT := = 26.01  ksi Calculated tensile strength at service limit state
AsFT  jssFT  dFT
( )
f ssFT := min f sscalcFT , f ssMax = 26.01  ksi
k
700 
in
s maxFT := - 2  dc = 16.32  in Maximum bar spacing from AASHTO check
βsFT  f ssFT
bFT - 2  3.5in
s actualFT := = 7.67  in Bar spacing from user-defined bar layout
NumberBarsFT - 1
( )
if s actualFT < s maxFT , "Crack control met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Crack control met"
( )
s MinimumFT := max 1.5  BarDiamFT , 1.5  ag , 1.5in = 2.25  in Minimum spacing
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
( )
if s actualFT > s MinimumFT , "Min. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. spacing met"
(
s MaximumFT := min 1.5  Hftg , 18in = 18.00  in ) Maximum spacing
(
if s actualFT < s MaximumFT , "Max. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Max. spacing met")
1.3  bFT  hFT k 2

AsTS.FT :=  = 0.18  in
(
2  bFT + hFT  Fy in )
( )
if AsFT > AsTS.FT , "Temp+Shrink. Steel Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Temp+Shrink. Steel Met"
Shear Design for Footing:
General Procedure in Determining Shear Resistance: AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2
VuFT = 108.55  k Factored shear from passive earth pressure for overhang
MuFT = 117.74  k  ft Factored moment from passive earth pressure
 MnFT  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.8

dvFT := max 0.9dFT , 0.72hFT ,
(AsFT  Fy)
= 31.98  in

s xFT := dvFT distance from CL compressio n area to CL tension
( )
MuFT := max MuFT , V uFT  dvFT = 289.32  k  ft
1.38
s xeFT := s xFT  = 20.72  in Crack spacing parameter
1
ag    + 0.63
 in  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-7
 MuFT 
 + VuFT
 dvFT  Longitudinal tensile AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-4
ε sFT := = 4.25E-003
Es  AsFT strain
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
4.8 51
βFT :=  = 0.98
(1 + 750  εsFT)  1  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-2
s xeFT    + 39
  
in 
( )
θvFT := 29 + 3500  ε sFT  deg = 43.89  deg AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-3
VcFT := 0.0316  βFT (f'cf)  ksi  dvFT  bFT = 51.37  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-3
VnFT := 0.5  VcFT VnFT = 25.69  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.3-1
ϕv  V nFT = 23.12  k VuFT = 108.55  k
(
if ϕv  VnFT > VuFT , "Design Adequate" , "Shear Reinf. Required" = "Shear Reinf. Required" )
2
AvFT := 0.4  in Shear reinforcement
s vFT := 8  in Reinforcement Spacing
A vFT  Fy  dvFT  cot θvFT ( )

VsFT := = 99.75  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-4
s vFT
Vn1FT := V cFT + VsFT = 151.12  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-1
Vn2FT := 0.25f'cf  bFT  dvFT = 719.60  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-2
(
VnFT := min Vn1FT , Vn2FT = 151.12  k )
ϕv  V nFT = 136.01  k
VuFT = 108.55  k
(
if ϕv  VnFT > VuFT , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate" )
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
FOOTING DESIGN - HORIZONTAL PLANE:
Due to the rigidity of the footing in the horizontal plane (bending about the x-axis) yielding will occur
in the the piles first. Therefore only AASHTO temperature and shrinkage reinforcement is provided.
Temperature and Shrinkage Requirement: AASHTO LRFD 5.10.6
2
AsReqFT := AsTS.FT = 0.18  in
2
Try #4 bars spaced at 12 inches off center AsFT.H := 0.2  in AASHTO LRFD 5.10.6-2
if  0.11  in  AsFT.H  0.6  in , "Requirement Met" , "Redesign Required"  = "Requirement Met"

2 2
This is the amount required for just temp/shrinkage; check if stirrup steel above covers this
Determine Number of Dowels Required:
Loh = 1.40 ft Cantilever footing length for distributed

loads
Sp = 6.153 ft Clear spacing between the piles
dd := .875  in Diameter of Dowels
Fyd := 36  ksi Yield Strength of Dowels
 d 2
 d  2
Adowel := π  Adowel = 0.601  in Area of Dowel
4
Rdowel := ϕvd  A dowel  Fyd Rdowel = 16.24  k Capacity of one Dowel
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Shear Transfer Requirement:
Factored total reaction at

Rt = 31.28  k
top of piles from deflection
Ptopfooting := Ph = 0.0270  ksi
Pbotfooting := Pf = 0.0391  ksi
 1
Rfe :=    ( Ptopfooting + Pbotfooting)  Dftg = 14.27  klf Passive earth pressure on footing plf
 2
Rufe := γEH  Rfe Rufe = 19.27  klf Factored passive earth pressure on
footing plf
Ruf := Rufe  Lftg = 964.12  k Total factored earth pressure on footing
Factored earth pressure per wing. 0 if wing connected

VuWWd := 0VuWW = 0.00  k
to backwall, 1 if wing connected to footer
RufTot := Ruf + 2  VuWWd + Rt = 995.40  k

Total factored load through dowels
RufTot
Numdowels := = 61.31
Rdowel Number of dowels required
Solve for Dowel Spacing:
Lftg
s dowel := = 9.79  in
Numdowels Dowel Spacing Required
 s dowel 
Sdowels := floor    in = 9.00  in
 in 
s min := 4  dd s min = 3.50  in
( )
if Sdowels > s min , "Spacing Adequate" , "Redesign" = "Spacing Adequate"
Space 7/8 in dowels at: 9 in
SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS:
Designer is responsible for assuring the design adequately satisfies seismic requirements
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
DESIGN ANCHOR BOLTS FOR TEMPORARY SUPPORT:
Check Load on Anchor Bolts vs Axial Resistance:
Strength I for construction Loads: AASHTO LRFD 3.4.2.1
AASHTO LRFD 6.4.3.1 Anchor Bolt ASTM F1554 Gr. 55
Rsteel := 9  k Girder Reaction of DL superstructure (steel beam, diaphragms, etc.) (unfactored)
RCT := 1  k Girder Reaction of construction tolerances and other loads (unfactored)
γDL := γLDF = 1.25 Load factor for dead loads AASHTO LRFD 3.4.2.1
0,0
γcon := 1.5 Load factor for construction loads
(γDL  Rsteel + γcon  RCT)

PuAB := = 6.38  k Factored load per bolt
2
HboltMin := 9in Unsupported height of anchor bolt
HboltMax := HboltMin + Δh = 13.48  in
R&B Specs 226.02(c)

Fyb := 55  ksi Yield Strength of Anchor Bolt
& AISC Table 2.6
db := 1.5  in Anchor Bolt Diameter (Min: 7/8", Max: 2")

-Use smallest that passes checks
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
  d  4
b
π   2  
   4
I bolt := I bolt = 0.25  in Anchor Bolt Moment of Inertia
4
2
db 2
Abolt := π  Abolt = 1.77  in Anchor Bolt Area
4
 Ibolt 
rbolt :=   rbolt = 0.38  in Radius of Gyration of Anchor Bolt
 Abolt 
KAB := 1.2 K factor of bolt acting as a column
HboltMax
KLrFactorAB := KAB  = 43.14
rbolt
(
if KLrFactorAB < 120 , "Design OK" , "Reduce slenderness" = "Design OK" )
The designer shall check varying anchor bolt heights (from Hboltto ) to+ see
Hbolt ΔH
which has controlling bending and combined axial + bending
Hbolt := HboltMin + 3in = 12.00  in Height of anchor bolt (vary to find controlling length)
Zero out if block used to help support beams
 ( KAB  Hbolt) Fyb

2
λ AB :=    λ AB = 0.28
 ( rbolt  π)  Es
 0.88 λAB
FcrAB := if  λ AB > 2.25 , , 0.66   Fyb = 48.89  ksi
 λ AB 
ϕPnAB := ϕcab  FcrAB  Abolt
ϕPnAB = 60.48  k
PuAB = 6.38  k
( )
if ϕPnAB > PuAB , "Axial Strength Adequate" , "Redesign Required" = "Axial Strength Adequate"
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Check Bending in Controlling Anchor Bolt:
I bolt 3
Sbolt := = 0.33  in Section Modulus of Bolt
 db 
 
2
Coefficient of Static Friction: 0.15 if between the beam
μs := .15
flange and the steel bearing plates. 0.6 if block used
to support beams, as it will be steel on concrete
Lp := LbNoScour  1.8 = 16.87 ft Effective Length of Pile (bottom of cap to point of fixity).
Bending in the anchor bolts is caused by thermal expansion of the steel girders in the temporary
construction condition. This expansion is taken care of through deflection of the substructure down
to the pile point of fixity. The force required to cause this deflection is a function of the pile and bolt
rigidities. If the friction force between the bottom flange and the anchor bolt plate is less than this
deflection force, slippage will occur before the full deflection force can be reached. Therefore, the
bending moment needed to be resisted by the anchor bolts is the minimum of the thermal deflection
force and the friction force multiplied by the length of bolt.
Force required for *one* anchor bolt

Ff := PuAB  μs Ff = 0.96  k
to slip (friction force)
FfTot := Ff  2NGirders FfTot = 9.56  k Slipping friction force for whole bridge
np = 9.00 Number of piles
NGirders = 5 Number of beams/girders
( )
ΔLT := 0.65  α  t max - t min  LThermal ΔLT = 0.46  in Change in length due to temperature
γTU  ΔLT  Es
Pb := Factored resultant force at top of anchor
Lp
3
Hbolt
3 L 2  ( H + H ) bolts due to full thermal expansion
p bolt ftg 
+ +
3  np  I p 3  NGirders  2  I bolt 2  np  I p
Pb = 2.63  k
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
(
Pcontrol := min FfTot , Pb ) Factored total controlling load at
top of anchor bolts
Pcontrol = 2.63  k
Hbolt
MuAB := Pcontrol  = 0.26  k  ft Factored moment induced into one
2  NGirders anchor bolt
Check Moment Capacity:
MnAB := Fyb  Sbolt MnAB = 1.52  ft  k Moment capacity of one bolt
ϕbab  MnAB = 1.52  k  ft Nominal resistance
MuAB = 0.26  k  ft Factored design load
( )
if ϕbab  MnAB > MuAB , "Bending Strength OK" , "Redesign Required" = "Bending Strength OK"
Check Interaction Equation:
MuxAB := 0 MnxAB := MnAB Based on past VDOT experience only bending in the plane
of the bridges needs to be considered. Therefore
MuyAB := MuAB MnyAB := MnAB out-of-plane bending is set to zero in interaction equation.
PuAB
= 0.11
ϕPnAB
PuAB  MuxAB MuyAB 

I aAB := +  +  = 0.23 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-1
2  ϕPnAB  ϕbab  MnxAB ϕbab  MnyAB 
PuAB 8 MuxAB MuyAB 

I bAB := +  +  = 0.26 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-2
ϕPnAB 9  ϕbab  MnxAB ϕbab  MnyAB 
PuAB
I AB := I aAB if < 0.2
ϕPnAB
PuAB Can ignore if using concrete

I bAB if  0.2 I AB = 0.23
stability block
ϕPnAB
( )
if IAB < 1 , "Section is Satisfactory" , "Unsatisfactory - Redesign" = "Section is Satisfactory"
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
 3 L 2  ( H ) 
Pcontrol  Hbolt p bolt  
Δbolt :=  + = 0.06  in
Es  3  NGirders  2  Ibolt 2  np  I p 
ΔMAB := Δbolt  PuAB ΔMAB = 0.03  k  ft Additional Moments due to P-Delta Effect
MuxAB := 0 MnxAB := MnAB Based on past VDOT experience only

bending in the plane of the bridges needs to
MuyAB := MuAB MnyAB := MnAB be considered. Therefore out-of-plane
bending is set to zero in interaction equation.
ΔMx := 0 ΔMy := ΔMAB
PuAB  ΔMx + MuxAB ΔMy + MuyAB 

I a := +  +  = 0.25 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-1
2  ϕPnAB  ϕf  MnxAB ϕf  MnyAB 
P uAB 8  ΔMx + MuxAB ΔMy + MuyAB 

I b := +  +  = 0.28 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-2
ϕPnAB 9  ϕf  MnxAB ϕf  MnyAB 
PuAB
I := Ia if < 0.2
ϕPnAB
PuAB
I b if  0.2 I = 0.25 Can ignore if using concrete
ϕPnAB stability block
Check Shear Capacity of Anchor Bolts:
Ab := Abolt Area of anchor bolt (Nominal)

R&B Specs 226.02(c)
Fub := 75  ksi Specified minimum tensile strength
& AISC Table 2.6
Ns := 2 Number of shear planes
Rn := 0.50  Ab  Fub  Ns Rn = 132.54  k AASHTO LRFD 6.13.2.12
ϕVn := ϕvab  Rn Vu := Pcontrol = 2.63  k
ϕVn = 99.40  k
Vu = 2.63  k
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
( )
if ϕVn > Vu , "Shear Capcity Adequate" , "Redesign Required" = "Shear Capcity Adequate"
Check Pile Capacity in Temp. Condition:
Lp Moment in 1 pile due to thermal

Mttemp := P control  = 4.93  ft  k
np
 0   0.00 
   
0  0.00 
 Mttemp   4.93 
   
 0   0.00 
 0.00 
 
 0.00 
Q := η  Mb Q=  k  ft
 4.93 
 
 0.00 
Pu := PuAB Pu = 6.38  k Controlling Axial Load
(
K  Lp ( )
= 67.18
ry
 ( K  Lp)  Fyp
2
λ :=    λ = 0.79 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.5.1-3
 ( ry  π)  Es
 0.88 λ
Fcr := if  λ > 2.25 , , 0.66   Fyp Fcr = 36.03  ksi AASHTO LRFD 6.9.5.1-1&2
 λ 
Pu
ϕPn := ϕcp  Fcr  Ap ϕPn = 312.75  k = 0.02
ϕPn
 Pu 
if  < 1 , "Check interaction Equation" , "Redesign Required"  = "Check interaction Equation"
 ϕPn 
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020

Pu  Mux Muy 
I a := +  +  I a = 0.07 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-1
I b := +  +  I b = 0.07 AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-2
Pu
I := Ia if < 0.2
ϕPn
Pu
I b if  0.2 I = 0.07
ϕPn
 L3 3 L 2  ( H + H ) 
P control  p Hbolt p bolt ftg  
Δtotal :=  + +  = 0.55  in
Es  3  np  Ip 3  NGirders  2  Ibolt 2  np  I p 
ΔM := Δtotal  Pu ΔM = 0.29  k  ft Additional Moments due to P-Delta Effect
Mux := 0 Mnx := Mn ΔMx := 0 Based on past VDOT experience only longitudinal

Muy := Mu Mny := Mn ΔMy := ΔM bending is set to zero in interaction equation.
Pu  ΔMx + Mux ΔMy + Muy  AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-1

I a := +  +  I a = 0.07
Pu 8  ΔMx + Mux ΔMy + Muy  AASHTO LRFD 6.9.2.2-2

I b := +  +  I b = 0.08
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Pu
I := Ia if < 0.2
ϕPn
Pu
I b if  0.2 I = 0.07
ϕPn
Check to ensure axial load does not exceed capacity assuming damage during pile driving:
ϕPn := ϕcpd  Fcr  A p = 223.39  k Axial capacity assuming pile was damaged during driving
Pu
= 0.03
ϕPn
 Pu 
if  < 1 , "Section is Satisfactory" , "Unsatisfactory - Redesign"  = "Section is Satisfactory"
 ϕPn 
Check maximum service stress on piles:
Designer is responsible for obtaining geotechnical capacity of the bearing strata and verifying the
pile design.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
DESIGN PLATE A:
Assume an initial plate size:
θ = 30.00  deg
bf := BBottomflange bf = 12.00  in Beam/girder flange width
de := 1.5  in Clearance between the plate ends

and anchor bolt centerline
(bf - 2de)
Le := Le = 10.39  in Span between anchor bolts.
cos ( θ)
wp := 5  in Plate Width
t p := 1  in Minimum plate thickness
Fypl := 50  ksi Yield Strength of plate

2
ApPL := wp  t p ApPL = 5.00  in Area of plate
 w  t 3
 p p  4
I pPL := I pPL = 0.42  in Moment of Inertia of Plate
12
I pPL 3
SpPL := SpPL = 0.83  in Section Modulus of Plate
 tp 
 
2
Check Plate Strength:
PuAB
wPL := k Loading along length of Plate A
bf wPL = 6.38 
ft
(wPL  Le)
VuPL := VuPL = 2.76  k Factored Shear force at anchor bolt
2
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
VnPL := Fypl  ApPL ϕvs  VnPL = 250.00  k
( )
if ϕvs  VnPL > V uPL , "Shear Capacity OK" , "Redesign Required" = "Shear Capacity OK"
 wPL  Le 2
MuPL :=
  MuPL = 0.60  k  ft Factored bending moment in Plate A
8
MnPL := Fypl  SpPL ϕf  MnPL = 3.47  ft  k Moment capacity of plate
( )
if ϕf  MnPL > MuPL , "Design Adequate" , "Redesign Required" = "Design Adequate"
Note: Plate B will function as a plate washer and no structural design is necessary
Thickness of EPS Layer:
The EPS layer is intended to reduce the passive earth pressure exerted on the abutment due to the
thermal movements of the bridge.
( )
∆L := α  t max - t min  LThermal ∆L = 0.70  in Change in length due to
temperature in one direction.
( )
EPSt := 10  0.01  HBackwall + Hftg + 0.67  ∆L = 15.90  in VDOT S&B File No. 17.03-29
 EPSt 
EPSt := ceil    1  in
 1  in 
Thickness of EPS layer required: EPSt = 16.00  in
NOTE: DESIGN FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS IS SIMILAR
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
PILE DESIGN (PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILE OPTION):
TRANSVERSE SECTION
The following design example is based on a 12 ft design lane width. However, smaller design
lane widths may be used based on road classification.
For other design parameters and variables not shown, see File Nos. 17.04-2 thru -25.
W Bridge
Lftg := Lftg = 50.03  ft Length of Footing
cos ( θ)
Lbackwall := Lftg = 50.03 ft
Bftg := TBackwall Bftg = 2.50  ft Width of Footing
Dftg := Hftg Dftg = 3.00  ft Depth of Footing
Lwing = 6.00 ft Length of wingwall
Hwing := Hw = 7.33 ft Height of wingwall
Twing = 1.50 ft Thickness of wingwall
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
Lwing1 := Lslope = 6.00 ft Cut slope length of wingwall
Hwing1 := H1 = 4.00 ft Cut slope height of wingwall
Dapproach := Dap = 1.50 ft Depth of approach slab
Sapproach := 7  in Width of approach slab support
Dstem := HBackwall - Tdeck Dstem = 5.62  ft Depth of Neatwork
bhaunch := 10  in hhaunch := 10  in
 bhaunch  hhaunch 
Rstem :=  Dstem  TBackwall +   Lbackwall  γRC
 2 
DL abutment backwall wit h

Rstem = 108.08  k
haunched deck area
Approach slab weight (if present)

Rapproach := 95  k
going to abutment
 Hwing1 
Rwing := 2 Lwing  Hwing - Lwing1    Twing  γRC = 14.39  k DL abutment wingwall
 2 
Rneat := Rstem + Rwing = 122.47  k
Rftg := Lftg  Dftg  B ftg  γRC Rftg = 56.29  k DL Footing
Rsubstr := Rneat + Rftg = 178.76  k
Superstructure Dead Load reaction (including

Rsuper := 604  k
wearing surface but not approach slab)
Rss := Rsuper + Rapproach = 699.00  k
RDL := Rss + Rsubstr = 877.76  k Total dead load load reaction for footing
VLL := 80  k Max live load reaction per lane
  W clear   Number of Design Lanes

NL := round     = 3.00
  12  ft   AASHTO LRFD 3.6.1.1.1
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
 1.2  1 Lane Loaded Multiple Presence Factors
 
m := AASHTO LRFD Table 3.6.1.1.2-1
  Greater than 3 Lanes Loaded
 0.65 
DL LL TU EH
Strength I
 1.25 1.75 1.20 1.35 
  Strength II
γLDF =
 1.25 1.35 1.20 1.35 
 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.00  Service I
  Service IV
 1.00 0.00 1.20 1.00 
Pile Specifications:
Assumed use of 12" solid square prestressed concrete piles; update values if using different piles
2
Ap := 144  in Area of Pile
4
I p := 1728  in Moment of Inertia of Pile
3
Sp := 288  in Section Modulus of Pile
ry := 3.46  in Radius of Gyration of Pile
dp := 12  in Section Depth
Compressive stress in concrete due to effective prestress forces (after

f cpe := 0.751  ksi
allowance for all prestress losses)
np := 9 Number of piles
f'cp = 5.00  ksi Compressive strength of pile concrete
Ecp = 4291.19  ksi Modulus of elasticity of concrete (Pile)
LbNoScour := 32  ft Depths to fixity point for the unscoured

and scoured conditions. This is
generated from L-PILE, COM624, Pile
LbWScour := 41  ft
GROUP, or other analyses
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
If scour cannot be mitigated, the designer must investigate both the scoured and unscoured
cases. For the service stress checks, the sample calculations which follow only show the checks
performed using the unscoured condition, although the designer must verify both conditions work.
For service stresses, the unscoured condition typically controls.
Lb := 32  ft Depth to fixity point for the unscoured case
Pile Loading:
The pile design assumes that each pile is equally loaded
RT := 0  k Axial Load on Pile due to Thermal Loading (No thermal load in axial direction)
REH := 0  k Axial load on piles due to passive earth pressure (Earth pressure is transferred
to the girders)
 1  ( VLL  m0)  One Lane Loaded

 
 2  ( VLL  m1)  Two Lanes Loaded
RLLm :=  
 3  ( VLL  m2)  Three Lanes Loaded
N  ( V  m )  Four+ Lanes Loaded
 L LL 3 
One Lane Loaded

 96.00 
  Two Lanes Loaded
 160.00 
RLLm = k
 204.00  Three Lanes Loaded
  Four+ Lanes Loaded (Ignore if <4 lanes)
 156.00 
(
NLArray := if NL < 5 , NL - 1 , 3 = 2) Used to find controlling LL reaction
RLL := RLLm = 204.00  k Controlling reaction from LL

NLArray
-6 1
( )
ΔLT := 0.65α  t max - t min  LThermal  0.65  6.5  10 
deg
 ( 120  deg - 0  deg )  75  ft = 0.46  in
ΔLD = 0.50  in Deflection due to deck pour
ΔLtot := ΔLT + ΔLD = 0.96  in
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
Note: Depending upon the capabilities of the software used for the pile lateral analysis, load
effects may be available in addition to depths to fixity. The calculations below provide one rational
method for obtaining maximum load effects in the piles. Regardless of the software used, the
designer shall ensure that P-Delta effects are considered.
ΔLT  Ecp
Rt := = 1.41  k Unfactored reaction at top of piles due to thermal expansion
3 2
Lb Lb  Hftg
+
3  np  I p 2  np  I p
ΔLD  E cp
Rd := = 1.55  k Unfactored reaction at top of piles due to deck pour
3 2
Lb Lb  Hftg
+
3  np  I p 2  np  I p
Lb
MTL := Rt  = 5.03  k  ft Unfactored moment in pile due to thermal expansion
np
Lb
MDL := Rd  = 5.51  k  ft Unfactored moment in pile due to deck pour
np
Service Stress Limits: AASHTO 5.9.2.3
RDL
PDL_SERV1 :=  γLDF  η = 97.53  k
np 2,0
RLL
PLL_SERV1 :=  γLDF  η = 22.67  k
np 2,1
RDL
PDL_SERV4 :=  γLDF  η = 97.53  k
np 3,0
PLL_SERV4 := 0
MDL_SERV1 := MDL  γLDF  η = 5.51  k  ft

2,0
MTL_SERV1 := MTL  γLDF  η = 6.04  k  ft

2,2
MDL_SERV4 := MDL  γLDF  η = 5.51  k  ft

3,0
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
MTL_SERV4 := MTL  γLDF  η = 6.04  k  ft
3,2
ΔMDL := ΔLtot  PDL_SERV1

Additional Moments due to P-Delta Effect of vertical
loads offset by total deflection (1 iteration)
AASHTO LRFD 3.12.2.3-1 & VDOT S&B IIM-80.6
ΔMDL = 7.77  k  ft
(
ΔMtot := ΔLtot  P DL_SERV1 + P LL_SERV1 )
ΔMtot = 9.58  k  ft
PSERV1_1 := PDL_SERV1 Service I Axial Load due to permanent loads
PSERV1_1 = 97.53  k
PSERV1_2 := PDL_SERV1 + PLL_SERV1 Service I Axial Load due to total load
PSERV1_2 = 120.20  k
Service IV Axial Load (consider LS as appropriate)

PSERV4 := PDL_SERV4
PSERV4 = 97.53  k
Service I Moment due

MSERV1_1 := MDL_SERV1 + MTL_SERV1 + ΔMDL
to permanent loads
MSERV1_1 = 19.32 ft  k
Service I Moment due

MSERV1_2 := MDL_SERV1 + MTL_SERV1 + ΔMtot
to total load
MSERV1_2 = 21.12 ft  k
Service IV Moment
MSERV4 := MDL_SERV4 + MTL_SERV4 + ΔMDL
(consider LS as appropriate)
MSERV4 = 19.32 ft  k
P SERV4 MSERV4
f ten := f cpe + - f ten = 0.62  ksi Tension stress
Ap Sp
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
Tension stress limit for
f ten_limit := -0.19  f'cp  ksi f ten_limit = -0.42  ksi
components subjected to
moderate corrosion conditions
( )
if ften > f ten_limit , "Sect. is Satisfactory" , "Unsatisfactory - Redesign" = "Sect. is Satisfactory"
P SERV1_1 MSERV1_1 Compression stress due to

f comp1 := f cpe + +
Ap Sp permanent loads
f comp1 = 2.23  ksi
Compression stress limit

f comp1_limit := 0.45  f'cp
due to permament loads
f comp1_limit = 2.25  ksi
( )
if fcomp1  f comp1_limit , "Sect. is Satisfactory" , "Unsatisf. - Redesign" = "Sect. is Satisfactory"
P SERV1_2 MSERV1_2 Compression stress due to

f comp2 := f cpe + + f comp2 = 2.47  ksi
Ap Sp total load
Compression stress limit

f comp2_limit := 0.60  f'cp = 3.00  ksi f comp2_limit = 3.00  ksi
due to total load
( )
if fcomp2  f comp2_limit , "Sect. is Satisfactory" , "Unsatisf. - Redesign" = "Sect. is Satisfactory"
Strength Limit State: AASHTO 5.5.4 and 5.6.4
The designer must also check the strength limit state. For purposes of the example shown below,
it is assumed the scour line is 10 ft below the bottom of footing. The green line indicated on the
strength interaction diagram is based on an unsupported length of 10 ft. The strength interaction
diagram can be obtained through the use of commonly available analysis software
RDL
PDL_STR1 :=  γLDF  η = 121.91  k
np 0,0
MDL_STR1 := MDL  γLDF  η = 6.89  k  ft

0,0
RLL
PLL_STR1 :=  γLDF  η = 39.67  k
np 0,1
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
MTL_STR1 := MTL  γLDF  η = 6.04  k  ft
0,2
( )
ΔMtot := ΔLtot  P DL_STR1 + PLL_STR1 = 12.88  k  ft P-Delta effects
PSTR1 := PDL_STR1 + P LL_STR1 Strength I Axial Load
PSTR1 = 161.58  k
MSTR1 := MDL_STR1 + MTL_STR1 + ΔMtot Strength I Moment
MSTR1 = 25.80 ft  k
Prestressed Concrete Pile Axial Load - Moment Interaction Plot At Strength Limit State
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
LATERAL BUTTRESS FORCE DERIVATION:
Fp Total lateral pile force required to resist rotation of superstructure (kips)
qW
P Full passive force across the width of the bridge (kips)
cos(   )
q Passive Force per foot across backwall
Pn  P  cos  Component of “P” normal to the backwall (kips)
Pt  P  sin  Component of “P” tangential to backwall (kips)
 Angle of Wall Friction
 Skew angle of bridge
  
1
q  s  K p  H 2 Resultant of passive force at a point along the backwall. (kips/LF)
2
H Height of integral abutment (ft)
Kp Coefficient of passive earth pressure

s Unit weight of soil (pcf)
L'  L  sin  Moment arm for normal passive force

L"  L  cos Moment arm for tangential passive force
M A  0  ( Pn  L' )  ( Pt  L" )  ( Fp  L" )
0  Pn  L' Pt  L" Fp  L"
F p  L"  Pn  L' Pt  L"
Pn  L' Pt  L"
Fp  L'  L  sin  ; L"  L  cos ; Pt  P  sin  ; Pn  P  cos 
L"
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
LATERAL BUTTRESS FORCE DERIVATION FILE NO. 17.04-62
( P  cos   L  sin  )  ( P  sin   L  cos )
Fp 
( L  cos )
( P  cos   sin  )  ( P  sin   cos ) qW

Fp  P
cos cos(   )
q W (cos   sin  )  (sin   cos  )

Fp   (cos   sin   sin   cos  )  sin(    )
cos(   ) cos 
q W sin(   )
Fp  
cos(   ) ( cos  )
q  W  tan(    )
Fp 
cos 
For skew angles,    , assume    , therefore R p  0 .
q  W  tan(    ) q  W  tan( 0 )
Fp    0
cos  cos 
Field observations to date indicate superstructure rotation with skew angles as low as 5º. It
appears that the shear force at the backwall/backfill interface is not always mobilized. Therefore,
it is recommended that the interaction angle of friction,  between the soil and backwall be set to
zero. Therefore, it can be assumed that the Pt and Pn forces are not mobilized, but only Pn
remains. Therefore, these modifications can be made to the following equation: 
M A  0  ( Pn  L' )  ( Pt  L" )  ( Fp  L" )

Or written as:
M A  0  ( P  L' )  ( F p  L" )
0  P  L' F p  L"
F p  L"  P  L'
P  L'
Fp  L'  L  sin  ; L"  L  cos
L"
( P  L  sin  )
Fp 
( L  cos  )
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
( P  sin  ) qW
Fp  P
(cos ) cos 
q  W sin 
Fp  
cos  cos 
q  W  tan 
Fp 
cos 
To ensure conservatism in the design, it is suggested that the above equation be used in all
cases.
It should be noted that the force calculated using these equations is the theoretical force required
to restrain all lateral movement. If no lateral restraint is intended or required, this force will be
considerably smaller. Lateral restraint should be considered when transverse displacements can
interfere with performance or adjacent structures (e.g. parallel bridges, MSE walls, utilities, etc.).
To determine the forces on the piles when transverse displacements are not restrained use
software such as COM624, L-PILE or other similar software for analysis.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
U-BACK WING DETAIL:
PLAN
VIEW A-A
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
U-BACK WING DETAIL FILE NO. 17.04-65
ALTERNATE WING AND REINFORCEMENT DETAIL:
WING AND REINFORCEMENT DETAIL

Wings integral with footing
Wing shall be designed for moment and shear developed due to passive earth pressures. The
designer shall ensure that the connection between the wing and the footing (including reinforcing
steel embedment) is sufficient.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
ALTERNATE WING AND REINFORCEMENT DETAIL FILE NO. 17.04-66
STAGED CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT - WITH DECK CLOSURE DETAIL
The location of the deck closure pour is subject to the staging sequence established by the
designer. Deck closures should be used when noncomposite DL deflections > 2 ½ “. Backwall
closures may be poured with the deck as long as the concrete in the backwall remains plastic
throughout the pour by use of retarders, etc.
Note A: A cold joint shall be provided between the two phases of the integral abutment pile cap,
separated by 1/2” preformed joint filler. No steel shall penetrate the joint. The joint
shall be oriented parallel to the bridge centerline.
bf
Note B:  6" where b f is the width of the widest flange.
2
** Min. distance equals lap length + 6”.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
STAGED CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FILE NO. 17.04-67
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT - WITHOUT DECK CLOSURE DETAIL
Backwall closures may be poured with the deck as long as the concrete in the backwall remains
plastic throughout the pour by use of retarders, etc.
Note A: A cold joint shall be provided between the two phases of the integral abutment pile cap,
separated by 1/2” preformed joint filler. No steel shall penetrate the joint. The joint
shall be oriented parallel to the bridge centerline.
bf
Note B:  6" where b f is the width of the widest flange.
2
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
This section of the chapter establishes the general practices/requirements necessary for the
completion of a plan detail sheets for a typical full integral abutment containing both steel
beams/girders and prestressed concrete beams. Included are sample plan detail sheets
necessary for providing a complete bridge plan assembly.
For location of the full integral abutment plan detail sheets in the bridge plan assembly, see File
No. 01.02-4.
The practices for the completion of interior sheets and standard detail sheets contained in
Chapter 4 shall be adhered to.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENTS SAMPLE PLANS SHEET 1 of 10
This sheet is intentionally left blank
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENTS SAMPLE PLANS SHEET 2 of 10
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
23 ROUTE PROJECT ROUTE PROJECT NO.
4
VA. 123 0123-456-789, B678 4
C
L integral abutment
and line thru
center of piles
3
2 spa. @ 12" = 2'-0" 4"
See Detail E 24
C 1'-7ƒ" Notes:
7 L Rte. 123 sheet 5 2 spa. @ 8" = 1'-4"
4'-9" 1'-2" 4" typ.
1'-7ƒ" Portion of the integral abutment above the hinge shall be placed
9 spa. @ 11‚" = 8'-5‚"
Back of integral 6" and cured to a minimum compressive strength of 3000 psi prior to
1'-2„" 4'-9"
1'-4…" typical between girders 9 8 the placement of the deck concrete.
abutment
8 spa. @ 11‚" = 7'-6"
7"
30o End of slab Elev. 999.72
Elev. 999.36 Sta. 67+90.27 typical between girders Backfill behind integral abutment footing shall not be placed until
Elev. 1000.00
5 concrete in the upper portion of the integral abutment attains a
minimum compressive strength of 3000 psi. The remainder of the
-3"
-6"
typ.
backfill behind both bridge abutments shall be placed such that
-6"
-3"1'
6"
1'
the differential in the height of fill at each abutment shall not
2'
exceed 6".
6
1'
The portion of abutment above the hinge shall be cast when the
least thermal movement of the superstructure can be expected
Face of integral ‡" o
/ dowel Elev. 999.69
during the period of initial set of concrete, e.g. at dusk or during
abutment typ.
an expected uniformly cloudy day.
C C C C C
L Girder 5 L Girder 4 L Girder 3 L Girder 2 L Girder 1
Elev. 999.33 2'-3ƒ" 2'-8‡" Tolerance for driving piles shall be as specified for "Column supports
4'-2„" 2 spa. @ 10'-9…" = 21'-6ƒ" 8'-5†" 10'-9…"
for bent caps" in Section 403, Table IV-1 of the Specifications.
See sheet 5 for end of girder details.

28'-0†" 21'-11‡"
All chamfers shall be ƒ".

SW0424 FF 1
PLAN Elevations in plan view are at top of slab.
SW0424 EF 2-SV0401, SV0402 A SW0410 NF
7 7 spa. @ 9•"
and ST0501 typ. 4 5
7 spa. @ 9•" 3"
3" = 5'-6•"
SW0411 NF
= 5'-6•" 2-SV0401, SV0402, ST0501, B
6-SW0425 EF and ST0602 at each space 4 5 4-SH0603 6-SW0412 EF
3'-1" lap
SW0422 NF typ. between girders SH0603 FF
min. 3"
"
3" 8 spa. @ 7…" SW0423 FF 2-SH0603 SW0406 EF
1•
= 4'-11"
SH0602 NF
SH0601 NF
-2"
SW0405 NF
9
7 spa. @ 9"
-2"
SW0407 FF
3"
3'
-3"
3'
SW0410 SW0802 FF
= 5'
SW0419 NF EF SW0404 NF
SW0420 FF SV0402, SV0403,
SV0404 and ST0602 1•"
SW0421 EF
-0• "
at each girder
-8‚ "
SW0801 FF
SW0403 NF
4'
11
3'
DETAIL C
9"
9"
‡" o
/dowels typ. ‡" o
/support bolt 2-AF0601 12
Typical at acute angles
between girders typ. each girder over piles
Not to scale
3" 12" typ. 8 19 3"

ƒ" expanded
rubber joint
SW0413 NF
filler SW0408 NF
SW0414 FF
4-AF0601 SW0409 FF
AF0601 EF
SW0816 FF 10
SW0418 NF 10
‡" o
/ dowels typ. Elev. 990.50 B A TABLE OF BOTTOM OF GIRDER ELEVATIONS
4 5 4 5
SW0815 FF
Girder 1 Girder 2 Girder 3 Girder 4 Girder 5
SW0417 NF
ELEVATION 1
994.82 994.96 995.01 994.76 994.51
For location of Point of Elevation on bottom

of girders, see Support Bolt Detail, sheet 5.
3 6" o
/ perforated pipe wrapped
dgn
C with geotextile fabric. Slope to

L Rte. 123 4
999-90_004.
drain from C L to surface of fill/cut.

13 Back of integral
C
Lintegral abutment and line
abutment
5 spa. @ 11" 5 thru center of piles
4" typ. 8" typ. 30o
= 4'-7"
EPS material 5
-3"
C
LHP10x42
o
-6"
6 30 typ. steel piles typ.

-3"1'
2-AF0402 typ.
2'
1'
See Detail C 2-AF0402 typ. Face of integral 8†" typ.

between piles Sta. 67+90.27 abutment
8†" typ.
2'-3ƒ" 3'-7‚"
1'-4‚" 4 spa. @ 5'-11" = 23'-8" 3 spa. @ 5'-11" = 17'-9" 1'-4‚"
28'-0†" 21'-11‡" 1'-5‚"
50'-0•"
PILE AND FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN

COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
AF0601 bars are not shown for clarity
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
STRUCTURE AND BRIDGE DIVISION
ABUTMENTS
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS ABUTMENT A
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - STEEL BEAMS/GIRDERS PART 2
Date Plan DATE: 30Oct2020

1 No. Description Date Designed: ABC
...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 3 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Scale: …" = 1'-0" unless otherwise noted c 2020, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Oct. 2020 999-FILE NO. 17.05-3
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
ROUTE PROJECT ROUTE PROJECT NO.
VA. 123 0123-456-789, B678 5

End of slab
Deck reinforcement
Notes: 24
Construction joint
Hot poured joint sealer 15 30o Back of
Bottom of slab integral abutment 1. All chamfers shall be ƒ".
Approach slab D
7" ST0501 4"
2. Low Shrinkage Class A4 Modified concrete and Corrosion Resistant
Top of girder
ST0602 ST0602 SV0402 Reinforcing (CRR) steel, same Class as deck, is included with
SV0402 4†"
-3"
superstructure quantities.
4†"
1'
7"
7 7 3. Class A3 concrete and CRR steel, Class I, is included with sub-
-6"
22 structure quantities.
1"
1'
22
4"
3•" 1 4. Extreme care must be taken, when placing concrete, to eliminate
10"
1 Bolster any voids under girder flanges.
16
Constr. joint
C C
L integral abutment and 5. Cost of dowels, support bolts, plates, and washers shall be included
C
L 1•" o L girder
/holes in web
C
L swedged support bolts in the bid price for structural steel. Cost of neoprene and roofing
Face of integral and SH0601
3 spa. @ 11‚ "

es from
Geotextile felt are to be included in other bid items.

abutment
-10‚ "
separation C
-9ƒ "
L ‡" o
/ stud shear
fabric SH0602
connectors EF
TYPICAL SUPPORT
Steel girder
BOLT LAYOUT
4 eq. spa. vari
= 2'
SV0403
n.
-6‡ " to 3'
ap typ.
Back of
ap
-7" m i
integral Not to scale
-7"
ed concrete
n. l
abutment
nkage
-
1'
SH0603
See note 2
mi
1'
ass A4
See note 4
Low Shri
es
2•" cl.
3'
11"
6" Vari
typ.
Back of integral abutment
Cl
11" SH0603
es
fi
SV0401 C
L stud shear
Vari
Modi
17 End of slab
6"
SV0404 connectors
12" wide water- 3•"
proofing fabric
See Hinge Detail
centered at
7"
9"
hinge
ass A3 concrete
18 C
L integral abutment and line
3•" Edge of berm
4 equal spaces
AF0402
thru center of piles
See note 3
n.
4"
ap typ.
-10" m i
Geocomposite
-5"
-0"
wall drain 26
4'-0"
= 2'
4"
3'
6" 12" 14 Plate A
EPS material AF0601
-6"
l
1'
See Support
25 Bolt Detail
1'
Plate B typ.
Cl
AF0402 C
L slots in bottom flange
6" min. and C
L hole in Plates A and B
C
6" 1'-6" 6" 3•" C
L girder
D thru center of piles
C
6" o
/ pipe underdrain.
Extend to surface thru center of piles 2
DETAIL E
2'-6" B Not to scale 1'-3ƒ"
of fill/cut.
SECTION 4 5
HP10x42 steel 2
A At girders 3‚" 9‚" 3‚"
piles typ. SECTION 4 5 For details not shown, see Section A-A
5"
2• " 2• "
Between girders 2•" 2•"
5"
1• "1• "
19
3"
ƒ" thick Heavy hex nuts and
C C
L integral abutment and
expanded rubber L integral abutment and
circular washers typ. C C
cap securely C
L ‡" o/x 2'-0" CRR Class I L ‡" o/ support bolt 1" PL
L 1" o
/ holes
(hand tighten)
taped to dowel plain dowels
dgn
Plate B
1"o
/ hole •" PL
20 PLATE A
999-90_005.
Bottom of Not to scale

3 layers of roofing bottom flange Point of Elevation 21 PLATE B
felt around dowels Not to scale
ƒ" expanded rubber

Top of
joint filler
footing ƒ" Plate A
5 layers of roofing
felt around
n.
support bolts EPS material Approach slab seat

12" m i
Top of footing 1'-6" typ.

19
Neoprene strip
3" x •", 70 12" ƒ" expanded
durometer embedment rubber joint filler
HINGE DETAIL SUPPORT BOLT DETAIL Geotextile separation fabric

Not to scale Not to scale shall be wrapped around
ends of EPS material fully
enclosing it, typ.
VIEW D-D
Not to scale
ABUTMENTS
ABUTMENT A
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS
SECTIONS AND DETAILS

...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 4 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Scale: ƒ" = 1'-0" unless otherwise noted c 2020, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Apr. 2020 999-FILE NO. 17.05-4
CHECK LIST FOR SAMPLE PLANS – STEEL BEAMS / GIRDERS
1 Show full PLAN and ELEVATION views along with a PILE AND FOOTING
REINFORCEMENT PLAN for a full integral abutment complete with dimensions at a scale
of 3/8” = 1’-0”. Regardless of skew, the elevation view should be projected down from the
plan view.
Show SECTION (typical) view through abutment complete with dimensions at a scale of
2 1
/2” = 1’-0” unless scale is insufficient to show adequate details.
3 Label the location centerline/baseline as shown on the title sheet.
4 Line thru center of piles shall be used as the reference line for layout of integral abutments.
Any stations and elevations required shall be referenced to this line.
5 Label the skew of abutment in relation to the end of the slab and the skew of the piles in
relation to the centerline of integral abutment.
6 The minimum width of integral abutment shall be 2’-6”. If this width is not sufficient, a 3’-0”
width may be used.
7 All ST series and SV series bars shall be aligned parallel to the beam/girder centerline.
The maximum spacing of these bars shall be 12”. ST0602 bars between the backwall and
the approach slab (where applicable) are not required outside of the exterior beam / girder.
Dowels shall be a minimum of 7/8” ø and shall be spaced at a maximum of 12” center-to-
8
center along the centerline of integral abutment. Locate first dowel a minimum of 6”
beyond the edge of bottom flange and dimension from the centerline of beam/girder.
Dowels shall be embedded 12” into footing.
9 The approach slab seat (7”) shall be provided on all integral abutments regardless of
whether or not the bridge will have an approach slab.
10 Show elevation at bottom of beam/girder along centerline of integral abutment. Show

elevation at bottom of footing.
11 For details of when to slope the abutment footing or to detail the abutment footing level,
see File No. 17.01-17.
12 The wing shall project a minimum of 12” below the top of footing. For alternate wingwall
details, see File No. 17.04-40.
13 AF04 bars shall be aligned parallel to the beam/girder centerline. The maximum spacing
of these bars shall be 12”.
14 The footing shall be designed with a minimum height of 3’-0” and a maximum height of
4’-0”.
A 4” clearance between the end of the beam/girder and the end of slab shall be provided.
15
The flanges may be clipped to provide this clearance. In the case of a minimum width
abutment and a skew approaching the maximum of 30° the entire end of the beam/girder
may need to be clipped to provide this clearance and to allow the anchor bolts to be
located on the centerline of the integral abutment.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS SHEET 5 of 10
CHECK LIST – STEEL BEAMS / GIRDERS FILE NO. 17.05-5
A series of 11/2” ø holes shall be provided for the SH series bars to pass through. These
16 holes shall be located a minimum of 3” and a maximum of 6” from the bottom flange and
shall be spaced at a maximum spacing of 12”. The top hole through the web shall be
located at a sufficient distance from the top flange to fit within the stirrup bar enclosing the
area. See File Nos. 17.03-20 thru -24.
17 A distance of 9” minimum to 2’-0” maximum shall be provided between bottom of flange

and top of footing.
18 The fill in front of the integral abutment shall be set at a minimum 9” distance below the top
of footing with the edge of berm set at a minimum 3’-0” distance from the face of abutment.
Support bolts shall be designed to support all applicable loads. The bolts shall be a
19
minimum 7/8” diameter and shall be embedded a minimum of 1’-0” into footing.
20 Plate A shall be a minimum of 1/2” thick and 5” wide.
21 The minimum width of plate B is 3” and the minimum length is 5”. The plate shall be 1/2”
thick in all cases.
22 To ensure adequate cover on ST0602 bar, the designer must modify the approach slab
standard so that the bottom portion of the approach slab that sits on the seat is 10” wide.
The seat remains 7” wide. (see sketch on 17.07-12, checklist note 21)
23 Show North Arrow above plan view.
24 Show Notes as required. For instructions on completing the notes, see File Nos. 04.03-1
and -2.
25 For determining the thickness of EPS material, see File No. 17.03-29.
26 Provide embedment depth for piles, see File No. 23.01-14
27 Where architectural treatment(s) is used, provide limits of architectural texture, coping

widths, texture grid scales, relief, treatment position and other necessary details as
applicable. See Chapter 5 of this manual for requirements, details and information for
architectural treatment.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
CHECK LIST – STEEL BEAMS / GIRDERS FILE NO. 17.05-6
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
22 STATE
4
3 VA. 321 0321-007-111, B645 9
C
C line thru center End of slab
L Rte. 321
of piles 8
10" typ.
4'-9" 1'-4…" Back of integral 6" 4'-9"
2'-0•" 8 spa. @ 9†" = 6'-5" 24
7 2 spa. @ 8" = 1'-4" typ. abutment Notes:
typ. typ. between beams 4"
7"
2'-9" 5 spa. @ 12" Portion of the integral abutment above the hinge shall be placed
Sta. 67+90.27 30o
7" typ. 9 ‡" o
/ dowel 10•"
Elev. 999.41 typ. = 5'-0" typ. Elev. 1000.00 Elev. 999.72 and cured to a minimum compressive strength of 3000 psi prior to
5 typ. typ. the placement of the deck concrete.
between beams
-3"
-6"
typ.
Backfill behind integral abutment footing shall not be placed until
-6"
-3"1'
1'
concrete in the upper portion of the integral abutment attains a

minimum compressive strength of 3000 psi. The remainder of the
2'
backfill behind both bridge abutments shall be placed such that
1'
6 Elev. 999.69
the differential in the height of fill at each abutment shall not
exceed 6".
Elev. 999.38 See Detail E
sheet 10 The integral backwall shall be cast when the least thermal movement
1'-4…" of the superstructure can be expected during the period of initial
Face of integral C
L Beam 1 set of the concrete in the backwall: for instance 1) at dusk or
abutment C
C L Beam 2 2) during an expected uniformly cloudy day.
L Beam 5 8†" typ. Elev. 999.69
C 7" typ.
L Beam 4 C
L Beam 3
2'-3ƒ" 2'-6…" Tolerance for driving piles shall be as specified for "Column supports
3'-11†" 2 spa. @ 10'-6" = 21'-0" 8'-2‚" 10'-6" for bent caps" in Section 403, Table IV-1 of the Specifications.
See sheet 10 for details of holes through the web and location of
27'-3…" 21'-2†" BC bars.
2-SV0401, SV0402 Beams shall not be placed until beam support concrete gains a
and ST0602 typ. PLAN 1 minimum strength of 3000 psi.
SV0402, SV0403, SV0404,
2-SV0401, SV0402 SV0405 and ST0602 typ. All chamfers shall be ƒ".
7 and ST0501 typ.
7 spa. @ 9‚"
Elevations in plan view are at top of slab.
SW0424 FF 2-SV0401, SV0402, 2-SV0401, SV0402 = 5'-4ƒ"
ST0501 and ST0602 and ST0602 typ.
SW0424 EF 3" typ.
at each space typ. A SH0601 FF
B Construction joint typ. 6-SW0412 EF
7 spa. @ 9‚" between beams SV0402, SV0403, 9 10 SW0410 NF
3" 9 10
= 5'-4ƒ" SW0422 NF SV0404, SV0405 2-SH0601
See Detail D SW0411 NF
SH0603 NF typ. and ST0602 typ. SW0406 EF 3"
6-SW0425 EF SW0423 FF SH0601 EF
"
between beams
SW0421 EF
1•
-4"
3" SW0405 NF
-2"
8 spa. @ 8• "
8 spa. @ 8" = 5'
-2"
SW0419 NF SW0407 FF
3'
SW0420 FF
3'
-8"
2-SH0603 NF SW0802 FF
3"
typ. between SW0404 NF
= 5'
beams
12" typ.
1•"
SH0604 NF typ.
Beam support typ. SW0410 EF
-3† "
between beams
SW0801 FF
-0"
SW0403 NF
4'
4'
11
9"
12
DETAIL C
‡" o
/ dowels typ. ‡" o
/dowels 4-SH0601 2-AF0601 over piles Typical at acute angles
between beams typ. each beam
Not to scale
8 3" typ.
SW0413 NF
ƒ" expanded
SW0414 FF SW0408 EF
rubber joint
SW0409 FF
filler
SW0816 FF Construction
joint
SW0418 NF
10 A
B
9 10 4-AF0601
SW0815 FF SH0602 typ. thru Elev. 990.25 9 10 AF0601 EF
SW0417 NF holes in ends of
beams
ELEVATION 1
3"
‡" o
/dowels typ.
6" o
/ perforated pipe wrapped
dgn
1"
13 with geotextile fabric. Slope to
999-92_009.
C drain fromC L to surface of fill/cut.

L Rte. 321
5 spa. @ 10" Back of
4" typ. 9•" typ. 4
= 4'-2" typ. integral abutment
30o
5 C
Lintegral abutment and line DETAIL D
thru center of piles Not to scale
EPS material
-3"
C
LHP10x42
2-AF0402 typ. o
30 typ.
-6"
-3"1'
steel piles typ.

2'
5
1'
See Detail C 2-AF0402 typ. 8†" typ.

Sta. 67+90.27 Face of integral abutment
between piles
8†" typ.
2'-3ƒ"
1'-3" 4 spa. @ 5'-9" = 23'-0" 3'-5‚" 3 spa. @ 5'-9" = 17'-3" 1'-3"
27'-3…" 21'-2†" 1'-5‚"
48'-6"
PILE AND FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN 10

AF0601 bars are not shown for clarity.
TABLE OF TOP OF BEAM SUPPORT ELEVATIONS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 3 Beam 4 Beam 5 STRUCTURE AND BRIDGE DIVISION
ABUTMENTS 994.35 994.46 994.52 994.27 994.02
For location of Point of Top of Beam Support,

FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS see Section B, sheet 10. ABUTMENT A
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - PRESTR. CONCRETE BEAMS PART 2
ABC Date Plan DATE: 30Oct2020

No. Description Date Designed: ...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION 1 DEF SHEET 7 of 10
Drawn: ................
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: …" = 1'-0" unless otherwise noted c 2020, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Oct. 2020 999-FILE NO. 17.05-7
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
End of slab
VA. 321 0321-007-111, B645 10
F
Deck reinforcement
Construction joint
Approach slab
Bottom of slab
Hot poured joint sealer
7"
15 6"
Top of beam
ST0602 SV0402 ST0501 SV0402
24
Notes:
7"
19 BC series 1. All chamfers shall be ƒ".
-6"
2. Low Shrinkage Class A4 Modified concrete and Corrosion Resistant

1'
23
4"
7 1 23 Reinforcing (CRR) steel, same Class as deck, are included with
3†" ƒ" thick
1
10" 8" 12" expanded rubber C
L integral abutment and superstructure quantities.
Constr. joint
7 C
cap securely L ‡" o/x 2'-0" CRR Class I
Bolster taped to dowel plain dowels 3. Class A3 concrete and CRR steel, Class I, are included with sub-
ST0602 PCBT 53
es from structure quantities.
3 spa. @ 8"
Geotextile Face of
C
-0"
separation integral L 1•" o
/holes in web 4. Extreme care must be taken, when placing concrete, to eliminate
SH0601 -
3 layers of roofing
fabric abutment and SH0602 any voids under beam flanges.
-3„ "
= 2'
SH0603 16 felt around dowels
19 BC series
5 equal spaces vari
ƒ" expanded rubber 5. Cost of dowels shall be included in the bid price for prestressed
n.
Back of
ap typ.
-7† " to 4'
Top of concrete beams. Cost of neoprene and roofing felt are to be

joint filler
ap
-7" m i
integral footing
SV0403
-7"
included in other bid items.
n. l
abutment
ed concrete
es
1'
SH0601
n.
nkage
mi
Vari
12" m i
1'
See note 2
l
ass A4
3'
2•" cl.
Shri
21 Neoprene strip
typ. See Beam
SH0604
12"
3" x •", 70
Support Detail
Cl
7" 1'-4" 7" durometer
fi
es
Point of
Low
SV0401 17
Modi
Vari
Elevation
12" wide water- SV0404 SV0405

25 See note 4
proofing fabric See Hinge Detail
HINGE DETAIL
centered at
4"
4"
9"
Not to scale
ass A3 concrete
hinge
3•" AP0405 18
AF0402
4 spa. @ 7‚ "
Edge of berm
through
See note 3
n.
Geocomposite wall
ap typ.
11" beam
-10" m i
-5"
drain
11"
-0"
support
= 2'
EPS material 4'-0"
3'
EPS material Approach slab seat
6" 12" 14
AF0601
l
-6"
1'
20 1'-6" typ.
1'
Cl
AF0402
6"
F
6" 1'-6" 6" 3•" typ. C
6" o
/ pipe underdrain.
Extend to surface
of fill/cut. C Geotextile separation fabric
2 shall be wrapped around
2'-6"
B ends of EPS material fully
HP10x42 steel SECTION enclosing it, typ.
9 10
piles typ. 2
A Symmetrical
At beams
SECTION 9 10 For details not shown, see Section A-A VIEW F-F
about this line
Not to scale
Between girders
C C
C
L beam C
L ‡" o/x 2'-0" CRR Class I
plain dowels Back of integral abutment
27
1'-8" End of slab
12" 27
7"
Beam
Plain elastomeric bearing
7" 8" 8"
pad 8" x 3'-4" x ƒ"
6"
8"
dgn
70 durometer hardess
999-92_010.
See Hinge Detail

17
es
AP0401 C
L abutment and line
vari
2-AP0401
h

AP0403 ƒ" expanded rubber 1•" cl.
Neoprene strip joint filler typ. typ.
3" x •", 70 AP0405
Face of integral
durometer 4-AP0403
Top of footing abutment C
L holes in web
3" - if h = 9"
n.
AP0405
12" m i
12" - if h = 2'-0" C
L beam
Interpolated if Neoprene strip
9" < h < 2'-0" 3" x •", 70
durometer
DETAIL E
Only AP series bars shown for clarity
Dowel (see
Not to scale
Hinge Detail)
28
4" 6" AP0402 at Beams 1 and 4

AP0403 at Beams 2 and 3
SECTION C-C AP0404 at Beam 5
Scale: 1•" = 1'-0" C
BEAM SUPPORT DETAIL
ABUTMENTS (Stay In-place)
Scale: 1•" = 1'-0" ABUTMENT A

FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS SECTIONS AND DETAILS
PART 2
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - PRESTR. CONCRETE BEAMS DATE: 29Oct2021
ABC Date Plan
VDOT S&B DIVISION
2 No. Description Date Designed: ...........
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 8 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Scale: ƒ" = 1'-0" except as noted c 2021, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Oct. 2021 999-FILE NO. 17.05-8
CHECK LIST FOR SAMPLE PLANS – PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS
REINFORCEMENT PLAN for a full integral abutment complete with dimensions at scale of
3
/8” = 1’-0”. Regardless of skew, the elevation view should be projected down from the
plan view.
2 Show SECTION (typical) view through abutment complete with dimensions at a scale of
1
4 Line thru center of piles shall be used as the reference line for layout of integral abutments.
5 Label the skew of abutment in relation to the end of the slab and the skew of the piles in
relation to the centerline of integral abutment.
6 The minimum width of integral abutment shall be 2’-6”. If this width is not sufficient, a 3’-0”
width may be used.
The maximum spacing of these bars shall be 12”. ST0602 bars between the backwall and
the approach slab (where applicable) are not required outside of the exterior beam / girder.
8 Dowels shall be a minimum of 7/8” ø and shall be spaced at a maximum of 12” center-to-
center along the centerline of integral abutment. Locate first dowel a minimum of 6”
beyond the edge of bottom flange and dimension from the centerline of beam/girder.
Dowels shall be embedded 12” into footing.
9 The approach slab seat (7”) shall be provided on all integral abutments regardless of
whether or not the bridge will have an approach slab.
10 Show elevation at bottom of beam/girder along face of integral abutment. Show elevation
at bottom of footing.
11 For details of when to slope the abutment footing or to detail the abutment footing level,
see File No. 17.01-17.
12 The wing shall project a minimum of 12” below the top of footing. For alternate wingwall
details, see File No. 17.04-40.
13 AF04 bars shall be aligned parallel to the beam/girder centerline. The maximum spacing
of these bars shall be 12”.
14 The footing shall be designed with a minimum height of 3’-0” and a maximum height of
4’-0”.
15 A 6” clearance between the end of the beam/girder and the end of slab shall be provided.
This distance is to be shown on the prestressed beam standard.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2019
CHECK LIST – PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS FILE NO. 17.05-9
16 Modify the prestressed beam standard to show the location of 11/2” ø holes in beam web.
The four holes shown are for a PCBT-53. Increase (or decrease) the number of holes by
one for every beam depth increment above (or below) the 53” deep section shown. The
additional holes shall be placed in 8” increments below the bottom hole shown. Depending
on slab thickness, bolster thickness and strand pattern, the designer may need to adjust
the hole locations so that adequate cover below the approach slab seat is maintained.
Holes must lie within the web.
17 A distance of 9” minimum to 2’-0” maximum shall be provided between bottom of flange

and top of footing.
18 The fill in front of the integral abutment shall be set at a minimum 9” distance below the top
of footing with the edge of berm set at a minimum 3’-0” distance from the face of abutment.
19 Top BC0501 shall extend 3” beyond end of beam. Bottom BC0501 and BC0602 shall
extend 10”.
20 For determining the thickness of EPS material, see File No. 17.03-29.
21 The insert plate shall be eliminated from the prestressed beam standard.
The seat remains 7” wide. (see sketch on 17.07-12, checklist note 21)
and -2.
25 Provide embedment depth for piles, see File No. 23.01-14.

27 The 1’-8” dimension applies to skews greater than 20 degrees. For skews 20 degrees and
less, use 1’-6” (and the pad length will be 3’-0” instead of 3’-4”), and modify Section C-C
and Detail E accordingly.
28 Use a 2” pin diameter for the AP04 stirrups.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
CHECK LIST – PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS FILE NO. 17.05-10
of semi-integral abutments.
Preferred practice on semi-integral abutment layout falls in the following order:
1. Wingwalls oriented transversely to traffic (elephant ears) with the terminal wall on the
superstructure. See File Nos. 17.07-3 thru -6.
2. Wingwalls oriented parallel to traffic (U-back wings) with the terminal wall on the
superstructure. Offset the inside face of wall 3 feet from the face of rail/parapet to allow for
dynamic deflection of the attached guardrail. See File Nos. 17.07-7 thru -10.
It is generally desirable to eliminate potential conflicts between superstructure and substructure

components. As such, the second layout preference should only be used where Right-of-Way
(R/W), maintenance of traffic (MOT) or design restrictions make the preferred layout not feasible.
For wingwalls oriented parallel to traffic (U-back wings), see File No. 17.01-18 for requirements to
attach guardrail directly to the terminal wall on the superstructure.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SHEET 1 of 34
The calculations provided do not correspond to the sample plans in File No. 17.07-3 thru -10
TYPICAL TRANSVERSE SECTION AND SECTION THROUGH INTEGRAL ABUTMMENT:
TRANSVERSE SECTION
SECTION THROUGH INTEGRAL ABUTMENT
UNITS:
ft lb lb
12 2 2
ft in
lb lb k k k
3 ft 2 ft 2
ft ft in
Passive lateral earth pressure coefficiet with

Kp := 4 File No. 17.01-17
the use of EPS material behind backwall
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
K0 := 0.5 Assume soil type "granular dense"at wingwalls
HBackwall := 6.33  ft Backwall height (measured from top of deck at low edge of bridge)
TBackwall := 1.58  ft Thickness of footing and backwall
Twing := 1.5  ft Thickness of wingwall
Lwing := 6  ft Length of wingwall
Tdeck := 8.5  in Thickness of the deck
HStem := 3  ft Depth of the stem above the footing
CS := 0.02 Crown rate (cross slope) of the bridge deck
DAS := 1.5ft Depth of approach slab seat
TBottomflange := 1  in Thickness of bottom flange of beam/girder
W Bottomflange := 12  in Width of bottom flange
dc := 3.5  in Distance from the surface of concrete to center of reinforcing steel
Dap := 1.5  ft Depth of approach slab at backwall
f'c := 4  ksi Compressive strength of backwall and wingwall concrete
f'cf := 3  ksi Compressive strength of footing concrete
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
2 6
 γRC   3 
Ec := 120000      f'c (3 ksi)2  ft 2 Modulus of elasticity of concrete (Backwall)
 1000  lb
2 6
 γRC   3 
Ecf := 120000      f'cf (3 ksi)2  ft 2 Modulus of elasticity of concrete (Footing)
 1000  lb
δ := 20  deg Angle of wall friction
-6  1 
 deg 
 Es  Modular ratio of steel to concrete for the backwall and wingwall

nb := ceil  
 Ec 
 Es 
nf := ceil   Modular ratio of steel to concrete for the footing
 Ecf 
LRFD LOAD FACTORS:
γe := 1.0 Exposure factor for Class 1 exposure condition AASHTO LRFD 5.6.7
γTU := 1.2 For temperature induced loads AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-1
γEH := 1.35 For passive earth pressure for Strength AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-2
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
DL LL TU EH
 1.25 1.75 γTU γEH  Strength I AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-1&2

γ1 :=  
 1.0 1.0 γTU γEHs  Service I

η := ηD  ηR  ηI Overall Load Modifier
η = 1.00 Per VDOT IIM-S&B-80.6, all load modifiers shall be =1.0 for all
Limit States
AASHTO LRFD 5.5.4.2
ϕv := 0.90 For shear in reinforced

concrete
AASHTO LRFD 6.5.4.2
ϕss := 0.85 For shear connector (studs)
LOAD DEFINITIONS:
Pbw Passive earth pressure at bottom of

backwall
Rbw Resultant passive earth pressure acting along the
backwall
The backwall, overhang, and wingwalls are designed for bending about the y-axis with the following
assumptions:
· backwall acts as a continuous beam supported by the girders
· overhang and wingwall act as a single cantilevered beam supported by the wing
haunch
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
BACKWALL DEIGN:
Earth Pressure:
HBackwall = 6.33 ft
Δh := 2  CS  SBeam = 0.37 ft
(
Pbw := γsoil  Kp  HBackwall + Δh = 3.89  ksf ) Passive earth pressure at bottom of backwall
Determine Backwall Moments and Shears for a Typical Design Span:
 1
Rbw :=    Pbw ( HBackwall + Δh) Resultant passive earth pressure per foot on
 2
backwall
k
Rbw = 13.03 
ft
For Simplicity, use the following Equations to Determine Moments, Shear, and Reaction
SBeam
LGS := = 10.77 ft Girder spacing along skew
cos ( θ)
AISC Table 3-23.42 (assuming 4 equal continuous spans)
MposBW := 0.0772  Rbw LGS ( )2 = 116.76 ft  k Maximum positive moment
MnegBW := 0.107  Rbw LGS ( )2 = 161.83 ft  k Maximum negative moment
(
VBW := 0.607  Rbw LGS = 85.21  k ) Maximum shear
(
RmaxBW := 1.14  Rbw LGS = 160.04  k ) Maximum reaction at beam/girder
Determine overhang moments and shear:
2
 Overhang 
MOH := 0.5  Rbw   = 78.18 ft  k
 cos ( θ)  Moment due to overhang
 Overhang 
VOH := Rbw   = 45.14  k
 cos ( θ)  Shear due to overhang
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
(
MmaxBW := max MnegBW , MposBW , MOH = 161.83 ft  k ) design moment for inside panel
between girders
(
VmaxBW := max VBW , VOH = 85.21  k ) design shear force for inside panel
Flexural Design for backwall between girders:
MuBW := γEH  η  MmaxBW = 218.47 ft  k Factored moment for integral backwall
Try, 7 #8 bars at @10" spacing
2 2
AsBW := 7  0.79  in = 5.53  in Amount of reinforcement in outermost Layer of reinforcing steel
NumberBarsBW := 7
BarDiamBW := 1in
bBW := HBackwall - Dap = 57.96  in Effective height of backwall
dBW := TBackwall - dc = 15.46  in Depth to centroid of outermost layer of reinforcing steel
TsBW := Fy  A sBW = 331.80  k Total Tension force in reinforcing steel
TsBW
aBW := = 1.68  in Depth of compression block
(β  f'c  bBW )
 aBW 
MnBW := TsBW   dBW -  = 404.19 ft  k
 2 
(
if ϕb  MnBW > MuBW , "Strength Adequate" , "Re-design" = "Strength Adequate" )
1
   ( bBW )   TBackwall  = 32920.17  in
3 4
I gBW := Gross moment of inertia
 
12
TBackwall
yBw := = 9.48  in
2
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
γ1 := 1.6 Not a segemental precast structure
I gBW 3
ScBW := = 3472.59  in
yBw
3
  ScBW  Cracking moment

( )
McrBW := γ3   γ1  f r + γ2  f cpe S cBW - Mdnc   - 1.0
McrBW = 148.90  k  ft
1.33  MuBW = 290.56  k  ft Factored design load
(
MrBW := min McrBW , 1.33MuBW = 148.90 ft  k ) Factored flexural demand - for cracking
ϕb  MnBW = 363.77  k  ft Nominal resistance
( )
if ϕb  MnBW > MrBW , "Min reinforcement Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min reinforcement Met"
Check Crack Control: AASHTO LRFD 5.6.7
dc
βsBW := 1 + = 1.32
(
0.7  TBackwall - dc )
AsBW
ρBW := = 0.0062
bBW  dBW
KBW := (ρBW  nb)2 + 2ρBW  nb - ρBW  nb = 0.25

KBW
jBW := 1 - = 0.92
3
MsBW := γEHs  η  MmaxBW = 161.83  ft  k Factored service Moment for semi-integral backwall
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
MsBW
f sBW := = 24.81  ksi
A sBW  jBW  dBW
( )
f ssBW := min f sBW , 0.6  Fy = 24.81  ksi
γe  ksi  in
s maxBW := 700  - 2  dc = 14.32  in Maximum bar spacing from AASHTO check
βsBW  f ssBW
bBW - 2  3.5in
s actualBW := = 8.49  in Bar spacing from user-defined bar layout
NumberBarsBW - 1
( )
if s actualBW < s maxBW , "Crack control met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Crack control met"
ag := 1.5  in Maximum aggregate size
(
s MinimumBW := max 1.5  BarDiamBW , 1.5  ag , 1.5in = 2.25  in ) Minimum spacing
( )
if s actualBW > s MinimumBW , "Min. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. spacing met"
(
s MaximumBW := min 1.5  TBackwall , 18in = 18.00  in ) Maximum spacing
(
if s actualBW < s MaximumBW , "Max. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Max. spacing met" )
1.3  bBW  TBackwall k 2

AsTSBW :=  = 0.15  in
(
2  bBW + TBackwall  Fy in )
( )
if AsBW > A sTSBW , "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met"
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
VuBW := γEH  η  VmaxBW = 115.04  k Factored shear from passive earth pressure
MuBW = 218.47  k  ft Factored moment from passive earth pressure
 MnBW 
dvBW := max 0.9dBW , 0.72TBackwall ,
( AsBW  Fy)
= 14.62  in AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.8

s xBW := dvBW = 1.22 ft distance from CL compressio n area to CL tension
( )
MuBW := max MuBW , V uBW  dvBW = 218.47 ft  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2
1.38 Crack spacing parameter

s xeBW := s xBW  = 9.47  in
1
ag    + 0.63
( )
s xeBW := max 12in , s xeBW = 12.00  in ( )
s xeBW := min 80in , s xeBW = 12.00  in
 MuBW 
 + VuBW Longitudinal tensile
 dvBW  strain
ε sBW := = 1.84E-003
Es  A sBW
4.8 51
βBW. :=  = 2.02
(1 + 750  εsBW )  1  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-2
sxeBW    + 39
  in  
( )
θvBW := 29 + 3500  ε sBW  deg = 35.42  deg AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-3
VcBW := 0.0316  βBW. (f'c)  ( )

ksi  dBW  HBackwall - Dap = 114.37  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-3
VnBW := 0.5  VcBW = 57.19  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.4-1
( )
if ϕv  VnBW > VuBW , "Design Adequate" , "Shear Reinf. Required" = "Shear Reinf. Required"
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
2
AvBW := 0.4  in Shear reinforcement
s vBW := 12  in Reinforcement Spacing
AvBW  Fy  dBW  cot θvBW ( )

VsBW := = 43.47  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-4
s vBW
VnBW1 := VcBW + V sBW = 157.84  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-1
(
VnBW2 := 0.25  f'c  dBW  HBackwall - Dap = 896.06  k) AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-2
(
VnBW := min VnBW1 , VnBW2 = 157.84  k )
ϕv  V nBW = 142.06  k VuBW = 115.04  k
(
if ϕv  VnBW > VuBW , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate" )
Shear Stud Design at End of Girders:
ds := 0.875  in Diameter of shear stud
π 2 2
Asc :=  ds = 0.60  in Cross-sectional area of a single stud
4
Fu := 60  ksi Specified minimum tensile strength
(
Qn := min 0.5  Asc  f'c  Ec , A sc  Fu ) Nominal shear resistance of a single stud
Qn = 36.08  k ϕsc := 0.85 AASHTO LRFD 6.10.10.4.3-1
Qr := ϕsc  Qn = 30.67  k
Factored reaction due to the passive earth

Ru := γEH  η  RmaxBW = 216.05  k
pressure acting on the backwall
Ru
nstuds := = 7.04 Total number of shear studs required
(Qr )
(
nstuds := Round nstuds , 2 ) Round total number of shear studs required
nstuds
nperside := Number of shear studs per side of web
2
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
nperside = 4.00 Min Number of shear studs required on each side of the web:
nstuds = 8.00 Total required number of shear studs per girder:
Use 8 shear studs ( 4 on each side)
WING HAUNCH DESIGN:
Design assumption and approach:

· Haunch is assumed to act as a cantilever beam with bi-axial bending and torsion.
· Wing haunch is designed for self-weight of wingwall (Rww), passive earth pressure along the
wingwall (Rp) and lateral load due to the skew of the bridge (Rs)
· Loads are broken into components in the global coordinate system and are designed for
independently, through single axis bending. The total amount of steel required for the haunch is
the summation of the steel required from each component analysis.
· Begin analysis with the minimum reinforcement as shown in this Chapter.
Determine reaction at acute corner and wing buttress due to skew effect:
See lateral force derivation in File No. 17.06-30 thru -34
( Rbw W Bridge  tan ( θ) )

Rp := = 296.33  k
  W Bridge  
1 +    tan ( θ)
  LBridge  
Calculate the centrioid of the wing haunch:
PLAN VIEW OF WING HAUNCH
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Geometry of the Wing Haunch:
Z := 3ft + 1in Depth of the haunch section
X1 := 2ft Top dimension of wing haunch
X2 := 3ft + 9.375in Bottom dimension of wing haunch
X3 := X2 - X1 = 1.78 ft
Dimensions of the Rectangular section:

2
Ar := X1  Z = 6.17  ft Area of the rectangular section
Horizontal distance from Point O to the center of gravity of the

Xor := 0.5  X1 = 1.00 ft
rectangular section
Zor := 0.5  Z = 1.54 ft Vertical distance from Point O to the center of gravity of the
rectangular section
Dimensions of the triangular section:

2
At := 0.5X3  Z = 2.75  ft Area of the triangular section
X3 Horizontal distance from Point O to the center of gravity of the

Xot := X1 + = 2.59 ft
3 triangular section
Z Vertical distance from Point O to the center of gravity of the

Zot := = 1.03 ft
3 triangular section
Ar  X or + At  X ot Centroid along X axis

x c := = 1.49 ft
Ar + At
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Ar  Zor + At  Zot
zc := = 1.38 ft Centroid along Z axis
Ar + A t
Moment about Y axis (Torsional Moment):
θB := 90deg - θ = 60.00  deg
Centerline of the rub plates along the skewed face of the haunch
z'1 := 8.375in
measured from back of haunch
Z
Z' := = 3.56 ft Depth of wing haunch along the skew
( )
sin θB
zc
z'3 := = 1.60 ft Depth of centroid along the skew
( )
sin θB
( )
x 4 := z'3  cos θB = 0.80 ft
x 5 := X2 - x c - x 4 = 1.49 ft
( )
z2 := x 5  cos θB = 0.75 ft
e1 := Z' - z'1 - z2 - z'3 = 0.52 ft eccentricity of the Rp load along X-Z plane
Mys := Rp  e1 = 153.88 ft  k Unfactored moment about Y-axis
Muy := γEH  η  Mys = 207.74 ft  k Factored torsional moment along X-Z plane
Moment about X axis:
Rpz := Rp  sin ( θ) = 148.16  k Component of Rp along Z axis
HBackwall
Mxs := Rpz  = 468.94 ft  k Unfactored moment about X-axis
2
Muwhx := γEH  η  Mxs = 633.07 ft  k Factored moment about X-axis
Moment about Z axis:
Rpx := Rp  cos ( θ) = 256.63  k Component of Rp along X axis
HBackwall
Mzs := Rpx  = 812.22 ft  k Unfactored moment about Z-axis
2
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Muwhz := γEH  η  Mzs = 1096.50 ft  k Factored moment about Z-axis
Single Axis Bending Design:
Assumptions:
· Centroids of the steel and concrete compression block lie on the same line which is
perpendicular to the neutral
· All reinforcement specified in the As required is assumed to reach yield prior to failure.
X-Axis Bending:
dwhx := Z - dc = 33.50  in
Iterate "a" to converge memoment

resistance with moment demand. "a" is
utilized instead of "As" due to varying
width of "b"
awhx := 1.8in
 awhx 
(
bwhx := X 2 - X2 - X1   )  = 44.34  in
 Z 
Cwhx := 0.85  f'c  awhx  bwhx = 271.33  k Concrete Force
 awhx 
Mnwhx := Cwhx   dwhx -  = 737.12 ft  k Moment Resistance
 2 
Muwhx = 633.07 ft  k Moment Demand
(
if ϕb  Mnwhx > Muwhx , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate" )
Cwhx 2
Aswhx := = 4.52  in Area of Steel required for x-axis bending
Fy
Provide 5 - #9 bars @ 9 in, also refer Wing Haunch Reinforcement Detail
2
NumberBarswhx := 5 Aswhx := 5in BarDiamwhx := 1.128in
Z-Axis Bending:
 X2 - X1 
dwhz := X 2 -  dc +  = 31.19  in
 2 
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Iterate "a" to converge memoment
resistance with moment demand.
awhz := 4in
bwhz := Z = 37.00  in
Cwhz := 0.85  f'c  awhz  bwhz = 503.20  k Concrete Force
 awhz 
Mnwhz := Cwhz   dwhz -  = 1223.93 ft  k Moment Resistance
 2 
Muwhz = 1096.50 ft  k Moment Demand
(
if ϕb  Mnwhz > Muwhz , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate" )
Cwhz 2
Aswhz := = 8.39  in Area of Steel required for Z-axis bending
Fy
Provide 9 - #9 bars, also refer Wing Haunch Reinforcement Detail

2
NumberBarswhz := 9 Aswhz := 9in BarDiamwhz := 1.128in
Check minimum reinforcement requirement:
f r = 0.48  ksi modulus of rupture A ASHTO LRFD 5.4.2.6
About X-Axis:
 X2 - X1  3
 X1 +  Z
 2  4
I xg := = 146418.83  in Gross moment of inertia
12
Z I xg 3
yBwx := = 18.50  in Scx := = 7914.53  in
2 yBwx
  Scx  Cracking moment

Mcrwhx := γ3  ( γ1  f r + γ2  f cpe) Scx - Mdnc   - 1.0
Mcrwhx = 339.38  k  ft
( )
Mrwhx := min Mcrwhx , 1.33Muwhx = 339.38  k  ft Factored flexural demand - for cracking
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
ϕb  Mnwhx = 663.40  k  ft Nominal resistance
( )
if ϕb  Mnwhx > Mrwhx , "Min. reinforcement Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. reinforcement Met"
About Z-Axis:
3
 X 2 - X1 
 X1 +  Z
 2  4 Gross moment of inertia
I zg := = 128688.42  in
12
X2 - X1
X1 +
2 I zg 3
yBwz := = 17.34  in Scz := = 7419.87  in
2 yBwz
  Scz  Cracking moment

Mcrwhz := γ3  ( γ1  f r + γ2  f cpe) Scz - Mdnc   - 1.0
Mcrwhz = 318.16  k  ft
(
Mrwhz := min Mcrwhz , 1.33Muwhz = 318.16  k  ft ) Factored flexural demand - for cracking
ϕb  Mnwhz = 1101.54  k  ft Nominal resistance
( )
if ϕb  Mnwhz > Mrwhz , "Min. reinforcement Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. reinforcement Met"
Additional Reinforcement Checks X-Axis:
dc
βswhx := 1 + = 1.15
0.7  Z - dc( )
MServicewhx := γEHs  η  Mxs = 468.94  ft  k Max service moment
A swhx
ρwhx := = 0.0034
bwhx  dwhx
rhon := ρwhx  nb = 0.024
2
k sswhx := rhon + 2  rhon - rhon = 0.19
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
k sswhx
jsswhx := 1 - = 0.94 Value of j for service limit state
3
MServicewhx
f sscalcwhx := = 35.93  ksi Calculated tensile strength at service limit state
A swhx  jsswhx  dwhx
(
f sswhx := min f sscalcwhx , f ssMax = 35.93  ksi)
k  γe
700 
in
s maxwhx := - 2  dc = 9.95  in Maximum bar spacing from AASHTO check
βswhx  f sswhx
bwhx - 2  3.5in
s actualwhx := = 9.33  in Bar spacing from user-defined bar layout
NumberBarswhx - 1
(
if s actualwhx < s maxwhx , "Crack control met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Crack control met" )
(
s Minimum := max 1.5  BarDiamwhx , 1.5  ag , 1.5in = 2.25  in ) Minimum spacing
(
if s actualwhx > s Minimum , "Min. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. spacing met" )
s Maximum := min ( 1.5  Z , 18in) = 18.00  in Maximum spacing
(
if s actualwhx < s Maximum , "Max. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Max. spacing met" )
1.3  bwhx  Z k 2
AsTSwhx :=  = 0.22  in
(
2  bwhx + Z  Fy in )
(
if Aswhx > AsTSwhx , "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met" )
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Additional Reinforcement Checks Z-Axis:
Crack Control:
X 2 - X1
h := X1 +
2
dc
βswhz := 1 + = 1.16 AASHTO LRFD 5.6.7
(
0.7  h - dc )
MServicewhz := γEHs  η  Mzs = 812.22  ft  k Max service moment
Aswhz
ρwhz := = 0.0078
bwhz  dwhz
rhon := ρwhz  nb = 0.055
2
k sswhz := rhon + 2  rhon - rhon = 0.28
k sswhz
jsswhz := 1 - = 0.91 Value of j for service limit state
3
MServicewhz
f sscalcwhz := = 38.30  ksi Calculated tensile strength at service limit state
A swhz jsswhz  dwhz
( )
f sswhz := min f sscalcwhz , f ssMax = 36.00  ksi
k  γe
700 
in
s maxwhz := - 2  dc = 9.76  in Maximum bar spacing from AASHTO check
βswhz f sswhz
bwhz - 2  3.5in
s actualwhz := = 3.75  in Bar spacing from user-defined bar layout
NumberBarswhz - 1
( )
if s actualwhz < s maxwhz , "Crack control met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Crack control met"
(
s Minimum := max 1.5  BarDiamwhz , 1.5  ag , 1.5in = 2.25  in ) Minimum spacing
( )
if s actualwhz > s Minimum , "Min. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. spacing met"
s Maximum := min ( 1.5  h , 18in) = 18.00  in Maximum spacing
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
( )
if s actualwhz < s Maximum , "Max. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Max. spacing met"
1.3  bwhz  h k 2
AsTSwhz :=  = 0.19  in
( )
2  bwhz + h  Fy in
( )
if Aswhz > A sTSwhz , "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met"
Use General Procedure 5.7.3.4.2 for determination of shear resistance. Conservatively assume
About X-Axis:
Vuwhx := γEH  η  Rpz = 200.02  k Factored shear from passive earth pressure
HBackwall
Muwhx := γEH  η  Rpz  = 633.07 ft  k Factored Moment from passive earth pressure
2
 Mnwhx 
dvwhx := max 0.9dwhx , 0.72Z ,
(Aswhx  Fy)
= 30.15  in AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.8

s xwhx := dvwhx = 30.15  in Distance from CL compression area to CL tension
(
Muwhx := max Muwhx , Vuwhx  dvwhx = 633.07 ft  k ) AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2
s xewhx := s xwhx  = 19.53  in
1
ag    + 0.63 AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-7
 in 
( )
s xewhx := max 12in , s xewhx = 19.53  in ( )
s xewhx := min 80in , s xewhx = 19.53  in
 Muwhx 
 + Vuwhx
 dvwhx  Longitudinal
ε swhx := = 3.12E-003 AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-4
Es  Aswhx tensile strain
4.8 51
βwhx :=  = 1.25
(1 + 750  εswhx)  1  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-2
s xewhx    + 39
  
in 
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
( )
θvwhx := 29 + 3500  ε swhx  deg = 39.91  deg AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-3
Vcwhx := 0.0316  βwhx ( f'c)  ksi  bwhx  dwhx = 117.61  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-3
Vnwhx := 0.5  Vcwhx = 58.81  k
( )
if ϕv  Vnwhx > V uwhx , "Design Adequate" , "Shear Reinf. Required" = "Shear Reinf. Required"
2 2
Avwhx := 0.625  2  in = 1.25  in Shear reinforcement
s vwhx := 6  in Reinforcement Spacing
Avwhx  Fy  dvwhx  cot θvwhx ( )

Vswhx := = 450.58  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-4
s vwhx
Vn1whx := Vcwhx + Vswhx = 568.19  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-1
Vn2whx := 0.25f'c  bwhx  dwhx = 1485.23  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-2
(
Vnwhx := min Vn1whx , Vn2whx = 568.19  k )
ϕv  V nwhx = 511.37  k Vuwhx = 200.02  k
(
if ϕv  Vnwhx > V uwhx , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate" )
About Z-Axis:
Vuwhz := γEH  η  Rpx = 346.45  k Factored shear from passive earth pressure
HBackwall
Muwhz := γEH  η  Rpx  = 1096.50 ft  k Factored Moment from passive earth pressure
2
 Mnwhz 
dvwhz := max 0.9dwhz , 0.72h ,
( Aswhz Fy)
= 28.07  in AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.8

s xwhz := dvwhz = 28.07  in Distance from CL compression area to CL tension
(
Muwhz := max Muwhz , Vuwhz  dvwhz = 1096.50 ft  k ) AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
s xewhz := s xwhz  = 18.19  in
1
ag    + 0.63 AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-7
 in 
(
s xewhz := max 12in , s xewhz = 18.19  in ) ( )
s xewhz := min 80in , s xewhz = 18.19  in
 Muwhz 
 + V uwhz
Longitudinal
 dvwhz  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-4
ε swhz := = 3.12E-003 tensile strain
Es  Aswhz
4.8 51
βwhz :=  = 1.28
(1 + 750  εswhz)  1  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-2
s xewhz    + 39
  
in 
( )
θvwhz := 29 + 3500  ε swhz  deg = 39.93  deg AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-3
Vcwhz := 0.0316  βwhz (f'c)  ksi  bwhz  dwhz = 93.40  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-3
Vnwhz := 0.5  Vcwhz = 46.70  k
(
if ϕv  Vnwhz > V uwhz , "Design Adequate" , "Shear Reinf. Required" = "Shear Reinf. Required" )
2 2
Avwhz := 0.625  2  in = 1.25  in Shear reinforcement
s vwhz := 6  in Reinforcement Spacing
Avwhz  Fy  dvwhz  cot θvwhz ( )

Vswhz := = 419.15  k
s vwhz
Vn1whz := Vcwhz + V swhz = 512.54  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-4
Vn2whz := 0.25f'c  bwhz  dwhz = 1153.94  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-1
(
Vnwhz := min Vn1whz , V n2whz = 512.54  k ) AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-2
ϕv  V nwhz = 461.29  k Vuwhz = 346.45  k
(
if ϕv  Vnwhz > V uwhz , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate" )
Check Torsional Reinforcement Requirement:
Tu := Muy = 207.74 ft  k
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
 X1 + X2  
(
Ao := Z - 2  dc   )  - 2  dc = 5.77  ft
2
Area enclosed by shear flow path
 2  
be := Z - 2  dc = 2.50 ft
f pc := 0
f pc
K := 1+ = 1.00
0.0632 f'c AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.1-6
K := min ( K , 2.00) = 1.00
Tcr := 0.0632  K  f'c  ksi  2  Ao  be = 524.96 ft  k
1 
if  ϕv  Tcr > Tu , "Design Adequate" , "Torsional design required"  = "Torsional design required"
 3 
2  A o  A vwhz  Fy
Tn := = 1730.47 ft  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.6.2-1
s vwhz
( )
if ϕv  Tn > Tu , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate"
If torsional reinforcement is required then the designer shall calculate the additional torsional
reinforcement according to AASHTO equation 5.8.6.4-3.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
WINGWALL DESIGN:
Wingwall Geometry:
1
Sslopeww := Slope of wingwall
1.5
Length of wingwall
Lww := Lwing = 6.00 ft
Hww := HBackwall + HStem = 9.33 ft
H1ww := Hww - Sslopeww  Lww = 5.33 ft Lower height of wingwall
H2ww := Hww - H1ww = 4.00 ft Upper height of wingwall
H3ww := H1ww + 0.75  H2ww = 8.33 ft Effective height of wingwall
Earth Pressure:
1
(
www := 0.5γsoil  K0  H3ww )2 = 2.52 ft  k Passive earth pressure acting on wingwall
(
Mww := 0.5  www  Lww )2 = 45.28 ft  k
Vww := www  Lww = 15.09  k
Design for flexure:
Try 8 - #5 bars at 12 in NumberBarsww := 8 BarDiamww := 0.625in
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Muww := γEH  η  Mww = 61.12 ft  k Factored moment for wingwall
2 2
Asww := 0.31in  8 = 2.48  in Amount of reinforcement in outermost layer of steel
Tww := Fy  A sww = 148.80  k Total tension force in steel
Depth to centroid of outermost layer of steel

dww := Twing - dc = 14.50  in
Tww
aww := = 0.44  in Depth of compression block
0.85  f'c  H3ww
 aww 
Mnww := Tww   dww -  = 177.09 ft  k
 2 
ϕb  Mnww = 159.38 ft  k
(
if ϕb  Mnww > Muww , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate" )
Check Minimum Reinforcement Requirement:

AASHTO LRFD 5.6.3.3
1
   H3ww  Twing  = 48580.56  in
3 4
I gww := Gross moment of inertia
 12 
Twing
yww := = 9.00  in
2
I gww 3
Scww := = 5397.84  in
yww
  Scww 
( )
Mcrww := γ3   γ1  f r + γ2  f cpe Scww - Mdnc  
Snc
- 1.0 AASHTO LRFD 5.6.3.3-1
  
Mcrww = 231.46  k  ft
McrBw := Mcrww = 231.46  k  ft
1.33  Muww = 81.29  k  ft Factored design load
(
Mrww := min Mcrww , 1.33Muww = 81.29  k  ft ) Factored flexural demand - for cracking
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
ϕb  Mnww = 159.38  k  ft Nominal resistance
( )
if ϕb  Mnww > Mrww , "Min. reinforcement Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. reinforcement Met"
Additional Reinforcement Checks
Crack Control AASHTO LRFD 5.6.7
dc
βsww := 1 + = 1.34
(
0.7  Twing - dc )
MServiceww := γEHs  η  Mww = 45.28  ft  k Max service moment
Asww
ρ := = 0.0014
H3ww Twing
rhon := ρ  nb = 0.010
2
k ssww := rhon + 2  rhon - rhon = 0.13
k ssww
jssww := 1 - = 0.96 Value of j for service limit state
3
MServiceww
f sscalcww := = 15.79  ksi Calculated tensile strength at service limit state
A sww  jssww  dww

f ssMax := 0.6  Fy = 36.00  ksi
( )
f ssww := min f sscalcww , f ssMax = 15.79  ksi
k  γe
700 
in
s maxww := - 2  dc = 25.96  in Maximum bar spacing from AASHTO check
βsww  f ssww
H3ww - 2  3.5in
s actualww := = 13.28  in Bar spacing from user-defined bar layout
NumberBarsww - 1
( )
if s actualww < s maxww , "Crack control met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Crack control met"
Reinforcement Spacing Checks AASHTO LRFD 5.10.3
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
( )
s Minimum := max 1.5  BarDiamww , 1.5  ag , 1.5in = 2.25  in Minimum spacing
( )
if s actualww > s Minimum , "Min. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. spacing met"
( )
s Maximum := min 1.5  Twing , 18in = 18.00  in Maximum spacing
(
if s actualww < s Maximum , "Max. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Max. spacing met" )
Temp / Shrinkage Steel Check AASHTO LRFD 5.10.6
1.3  H3ww Twing k 2

AsTSww :=  = 0.17  in
( )
2  H3ww + Twing  Fy in
( )
if Asww > AsTSww , "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met"
Shear Design AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2
that the minimum amount of transverse shear reinforcement is not provided (AASHTO 5.7.2.5).
If considering minimum amount shear reinforcement is provided, the following procedure to be
Vuww := γEH  η  V ww = 20.37  k Factored shear from passive earth pressure
 Mnww 
dvww := max 0.9dww , 0.72Twing ,
(Asww  Fy)
= 14.28  in AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.8

s xww := dvww = 14.28  in Distance from CL compression area to CL tension

( )
Muww := max Muww , Vuww dvww = 61.12 ft  k
1.38
s xeww := s xww  = 9.25  in Crack spacing parameter
1
ag    + 0.63
 Muww 
 + Vuww
 dvww  Longitudinal AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-4
ε sww := = 997.42E-006
E s  Asww tensile strain
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
4.8 51
βww. :=  = 2.90
(1 + 750  εsww)  1  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-2
s xeww   + 39
  in  
( )
θvww := 29 + 3500  ε sww  deg = 32.49  deg
Vcww := 0.0316  βww. ( f'c)  ksi  H3ww dww = 265.86  k

Vnww := 0.5  Vcww = 132.93  k

( )
if ϕv  Vnww > V uww , "Design Adequate" , "Shear Reinforcement Required" = "Design Adequate"
DESIGN RUB PLATES:
To determine the dimensions of the rub plate:
-6 1 1
α := 6.5  10  = 0.00 
Δ°F Δ°F
ΔT := 120  Δ°F
γTU := 1.2
LThermal := 125  ft Span Length of

thermal
expansion
ΔLrub := γTU  α  ( ΔT)  LThermal = 1.40  in
Hbearing := 3in
hrp := HBackwall - 3in - 2in - Hbearing - TBottomflange = 66.96  in height of rub plates
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Maximum galling stress for ASTM A276 Type 316
Fg := 2ksi
steel, of which rub plate are constructed
Fg
f g := = 1.00  ksi assuming safty factor of 2 for allowable galling stess
2
γEH  Rp
wmin := = 5.97  in
(hrp  fg)
Ensure the minimum rub plate width is maintained during the extremes of the temperature cycles
wrp := wmin + ∆Lrub = 7.38  in
Use 7 1/2 in X 67 in X 0.5 in rub plate.
Expanded Polystrerene Thickness:
∆L := α  ( ∆T)  LThermal = 1.17  in change in length due to temperature in one direction
Thickness of EPS layer required

( )
EPSt := 10  0.01  HBackwall + 0.67  ∆L = 15.43  in
See VDOT S&B File No. 17.03-29
 EPSt 
EPSt := ceil    1in = 16.00  in
 1in 
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
LATERAL BUTTRESS FORCE DERIVATION:
Rp Buttress force required to resist rotation of superstructure (kips)
qW
P Full passive force across the width of the bridge (kips)
cos(   )
Pn  P  cos  Component of “P” normal to the backwall (kips)
Pt  P  sin  Component of “P” tangential to backwall (kips)
 Angle of Wall Friction
 Skew angle of bridge
  
1
q   s  K p  H 2 Resultant of passive force at a point along the backwall. (kips/LF)
2
H Height of integral backwall (ft)
Kp Coefficient of passive earth pressure

s Unit weight of soil (pcf)
W
C  tan  Moment arm for buttress force
2
L '  L  sin  Moment arm for normal passive force
L "  L  cos  Moment arm for tangential passive force
M A  0  (Pn  L ' )  (Pt  L" )  Rp  (L  C)  (Rp  C)
0  Pn  L' Pt  L" R p  ( L  2C )
R p  ( L  2C )  Pn  L' Pt  L"
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
Pn  L' Pt  L" W
Rp  L '  L  sin  ; L "  L  cos  ; C   tan  ; Pt  P  sin  ;
( L  2C ) 2
Pn  P  cos 
( P  cos   L  sin  )  ( P  sin   L cos )

Rp 
W
L  2(  tan  )
2
( P  cos   sin  )  ( P  sin   cos ) qW

Rp  P
W cos(   )
1  (  tan  )
L
q W (cos   sin  )  (sin   cos )
Rp   (cos   sin   sin   cos  )  sin(   )
cos(   ) W
1  (  tan  )
L
q W sin(   )
Rp  
cos(   ) 1  (W  tan  )
L
q  W  tan(    )
Rp 
W
1 (  tan  )
L
For skew angles,    , assume    , therefore R p  0.
q  W  tan(    )  q  W  tan( 0 )  0
Rp  W
W 1 (  tan  )
1 (  tan  )
L L
Field observations to date indicate superstructure rotation with skew angles as low as 5º. It
appears that the shear force at the backwall/backfill interface is not always mobilized. Therefore,
it is recommended that the interaction angle of friction,  between the soil and backwall be set to
zero. Therefore, it can be assumed that the Pt and Pn forces are not mobilized, but only P
remains. Therefore, these modifications can be made to the following equation:
M A  0  ( Pn  L' )  ( Pt  L")  R p  ( L  C )  ( R p  C )
rendering it as so:
M A  0  ( P  L' )  R p  ( L  C )  ( R p  C )
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
0  P  L' R p  ( L  2C )
R p  ( L  2C )  P  L'
P  L' W
Rp  L '  L  sin  ; C   tan 
( L  2C ) 2
( P  L  sin  )
Rp 
W
L  2(  tan  )
2
( P  sin  ) qW
Rp  P
W cos 
1  (  tan  )
L
q W sin 
Rp  
cos  W
1  (  tan  )
L
q  W  tan  )
Rp 
 W 
 1  (  tan  ) 
 L 
To ensure conservatism in the design, it is suggested that the above equation be used in all
cases.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT – WITH DECK CLOSURE DETAIL
The location of the deck closure pour is subject to the staging sequence established by the
designer. Deck closures should be used when noncomposite DL deflections > 2 ½ “. Backwall
closures may be poured with the deck as long as the concrete in the backwall remains plastic
throughout the pour by use of retarders, etc.
bf
Note A:  6" where b f is the width of the widest flange.
2
** Min. distance equals lap length + 6".
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT - WITHOUT DECK CLOSURE DETAIL
Backwall closures may be poured with the deck as long as the concrete in the backwall remains
plastic throughout the pour by use of retarders, etc.
bf
Note A:  6" where b f is the width of the widest flange.
2
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
completion of a plan detail sheets for a typical semi-integral abutment containing both steel
beams/girders and prestressed concrete beams. Included are sample plan detail sheets
necessary for providing a complete bridge plan assembly.
For location of the semi-integral abutment plan detail sheets in the bridge plan assembly, see File
No. 01.02-4.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS SHEET 1 of 12
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
25 Detail E
See sheet 4 VA. 667 0667-127-114, B609 3

4'-1•"
1'
1'
7'
-6
2'-6"
3'
-8
-0
26'-0‡" 24'-6„"
"
-1
"
"
0"
C
L Rte. 667 24'-1‡"
10 12 Notes: 26
Line thru 11 "
Detail F and Typ. o Sta. 101+98.08
center of -0
Anchor Bolt Layout 30 7' For extruded parapets, widen substructure by 1" (between wing
8
-8"
bearings
Back of stem " haunches perpendicular to centerline) to allow for extra 1" width
-0
1'
2' in deck and backwall. Any additional cost shall be at the Contractor's
-3"
-3"
expense.
2'
2'
Detail C
Cost of rub plates and joint filler shall be included in the price of
-0"
-1"
substructure concrete.
4
7'
3'
4"
9
-11"
For details of semi-integral backwall, see sheets 8 and 9.

3
-0
" H
-10"
o
9' 4
2'
30 For anchor bolt sleeve details, see bearing details on sheet 11.
3
-5"
1'
"
1'
ƒ
C
L Girder 5 C
L Girder 2 -6
3'
-8"
2'-0"2'-0"
7'-0" " 1'-4•"
C C typ. typ. C -0 ƒ" expanded
1'
L Girder 4 L Girder 3 L Girder 1 6' rubber joint
4'-3…" 2'-8ƒ" 4'-4•" filler
Anchor bolt
1'-6" 2 spa. @ 10'-9…" = 21'-6ƒ" 2 spa. @ 10'-9…" = 21'-6ƒ"
sleeve typ.
7"
H Top of
9• "
30'-0‡" 26'-4†" 4 1" min.
3 seat
1
PLAN
-8"
6-AV0402 and
7
10-AV0503 •" wash
1'
-1"
See Detail C 11-AV0402
Elev. 1001.79 5 See Detail E
3'
5 Elev. 1001.58
-5"
4" 3"
1'
Line thru center DETAIL G
7-AW0502 EF
-6"
of bearings Scale: 1" = 1'-0"
9• "
6 spa. @
8 spa. @ 11• "
11
8 spa. @ 11• "

AW0504 EF
9-AH0404 and
9" = 4'
9-AH0406 and
-6"
9-AH0405
9-AH0407
3"
-8"
5'
-8"
L girder
3" typ.
= 7'
= 7'
1'-4•"
A •" wash typ. 4-AP0401 typ.
Line thru center
7 spa. @ 9"
8-AW0501 EF
Elev. 993.58 2'-0" 2'-0" 3•"

Elev. 993.54 Elev. 993.69 1" typ. Elev. 993.83 11 of bearings
-3"
-9‚ "
Elev. 993.33
11‚ "
1'-8" 1'-5" 1'-8"

= 5'
2'-3"
5'
DETAIL F AND TYP. 10•"12"

7•"
3•"
ANCHOR BOLT LAYOUT
Scale: •" = 1'-0"
AV0401
3" 9-AW0503 EF C
3" 11" Back of stem Lanchor
8 spa. @ 11" bolt sleeves
4"
= 7'-4"
AH0402
AH0401 EF 4-AH0402 Geocomposite wall drain
9" 9" Varies
Elev. 987.52
AF0505 spliced A 2 spa. @ 12" = 2'-0" 9 spa. @ 6" = 4'-6" 6" /

o pipe underdrain.
with AV0402 typ. at exterior seats Detail G
typ. at interior seats Extend to surface
2 spa.
and AV0503
-0"
of fill/cut. 6"
@ 12"
8 eq. spa. 2•" cl. typ.
4"
= 2'
= 7'-3…"
3" 6" min. AH0401
typ. between AF0404
1 girders
C
ELEVATION L ƒ" o
/ x 5" stud
n.
8…"
shear connector
-9" m i
Piles not shown
dgn
1ƒ " typ.
AV0401 lap with 2-AF0505
B
AH0405 Back of stem AF0505

999-94_003.
Extend 12" wide

3• "
-0"
9"
4"
fabric water- 2•" typ. 2-AF0602
4"
AV0503
1'
3'
proofing 6" below Top of wing
3 seat level typ.
12"
10• "
Detail D
Back of stem AF0601
AP0401
9• "
-9"
4"
Face of
4" typ. 12
2•" cl. integral AF0403
2'
Bottom of deck
10• "
-6"
typ. backwall typ. 4
13 spa. @ 6" = 6'

1" preformed
8…
C
L HP12x53
joint filler Face of integral
"
C
L rub plates 1'-3" 1'-3"
backwall
4'-6"
B
9" 9"
3• "
2 spa.
3" 3"
AH0404 @ 12" •" stainless steel 7'-0
Face of = 2'-0" rub plate,
AV0402 integral ASTM A276 Type 316
DETAIL C backwall 5-AP0402 2
1" preformed joint filler 1'-4ƒ" SECTION A-A
Scale: •" = 1'-0"
4'-0" 1" preformed Scale: •" = 1'-0"
27 joint filler
DETAIL D TYPICAL SEAT/PAD REINFORCEMENT DETAIL Top of stem

Scale: 1" = 1'-0" Scale: •" = 1'-0" COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
6
Back of
stem STRUCTURE AND BRIDGE DIVISION
ABUTMENTS
ABUTMENT A
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS SECTION B-B
Scale: •" = 1'-0" PLAN AND ELEVATION
Date Plan DATE: 30Apr2020
No. Description Date Designed: ABC
...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 3 of 12
RICHMOND, VA 1
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: ‚" = 1'-0" unless otherwise noted c 2020, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Apr. 2020 999-FILE NO. 17.07-3
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 667 0667-127-114, B609 4

3'-6ƒ" 9'-0"
7'-0"
3ƒ "
9-AW0507 EF
3" 1'-6" 1'-8"
J 8 spa. @ 12" = 8'-0" 3'-10"
26
Note:
8-AW0506 EF
7 spa. @ 9"
AW0508 EF AW0507
For additional notes, see sheet 3.
-0ƒ "
= 5'-3"
3"
6'
9"
AW0506
AH0407
7-AW0505 EF
6 spa. @ 9"
3ƒ"
AW0505 Back of stem
-6"
-0"
2-AF0602
= 4'
5'
AF0404
ap
-4"
n. l
AF0607
2'
AF0608
mi
2•" cl. typ.
n.
-9"
Face of
mi
-0"
1'
AF0505
3"
integral
4• "
3'
backwall AW0505
12"
1" preformed AH0406
4
joint filler
J 12 2•" cl. typ.
Elev. 987.52
4"
AF0607 AF0607
4-AF0505 7'-0" 4" typ. AV0402 spliced
4
with AF0505
AF0403
12" 5-AF0505 EF
3"
4 spa. @ 12"
C
L HP12x53 DETAIL E
= 4'-0" 1'-3" Scale: •" = 1'-0"
1'-3"
4'-6"
H 7'-0"
VIEW 3 4
Piles not shown SECTION J-J
54'-7"
AF0404 bott.
24'-6„"
4"
10 C
L Rte. 667 "
25 •
-1
1'-8•" 4'
1'
2 spa. @ 10'-2" = 20'-4" 8'-5•" 2 spa. @ 10'-2' = 20'-4"
1'
2-AF0607
-8
-3
"
o
C
L HP12x53 piles 2-AF0601 AF0607
"
30
7'
12
4"
sp
-0
AF0601
=
1'
"
a.
Sta. 101+98.08
-
3'
6"
4'
@
-6
0"
-3"
"
1'
-8"
1'
-8
-11"
-6" 1'
"
dgn
1'
-8"
3'
11
-3
999-94_004.
2'
-0"
"
-0"
-6" 1'
Line thru center AF0602 typ.
4"
each pile
7'
of bearings
7'
-10"
C
L HP12x53 piles
2-AF0403 typ.
-8" 1'
AF0404 bott.
-1"
each pile
-3" 1'
3'
2-AF0608
1'
30
C
L HP12x53
p
1'
o
to " piles
4 12
40 @ 4"
F0 s
A e "
6- pac '
4"
-0
s 5 "
5 = -3
2'-6•" 1'
3 spa. @ 7'-10" = 23'-6" 5'-3•" 3 spa. @ 7'-10" = 23'-6"
4" "
57-AF0404 top - 56 spa. @ 12" = 56'-0" -9
4' "
-0
30'-0‡" 26'-4†" 6'
56'-5•"
Denotes direction
1
of 4:12 pile batter
ABUTMENTS
ABUTMENT A
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS FOOTING PLAN AND

...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 4 of 12
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: …" = 1'-0" unless otherwise noted
1 c 2020, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Apr. 2020 999-FILE NO. 17.07-4
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 667 0667-127-114, B609 8
26
Notes:
Integral backwall concrete shall be placed and cured to a minimum

2-SV0401, ST0602,
14 compressive strength of 3000 psi prior to placement of deck
2-SV0401, SV0402 SV0402 and SV0403 2-SV0401, SV0402, 14
concrete.
and ST0501 14 typ. and ST0501
4" 4" 2 spa. @ 12" = 2'-0"
10 Backfill operations above seat level shall not be started until deck
12" 14 has been placed and cured to a minimum compressive strength of
C
L Rte. 667
12 14 4"
2-SV0401, SV0402,
4"
3000 psi. Backfill shall be placed such that the differential in fill
D 9„" o 2-SV0401, SV0402, SV0403 ST0501 and ST0602 D height between both abutments does not exceed 6" after comp-
30 and ST0602 typ. at girders
15 eq. spa. @ 6‡" = 8'-7„"
action.
1'-1„"
Back of stem typ. between girders Back of stem
For details of holes through the web and location of stud shear
7"
See Detail K 9„" 1'-1„" connectors, see sheet 15.
End of slab Elev. 1002.00
13 The integral backwalls shall be cast when the least thermal movement
of the superstructure can be expected during the period of initial
-7"
set of the concrete in the backwall, e.g. at dusk or during an
1'
expected uniformly cloudy day.
10"
Forms for the backwall shall be attached to the girders only; the
15
forms shall not be attached to or blocked against the abutment
stem. The backwall and forms must be free to move in relation to
Face of integral the abutment.
Line thru center
-4"
backwall
of bearings
11
1'
Sta. 101+98.08 Elev. 1001.08
Face of integral backwall
Elev. 1001.29
C C 9‚" C C C
2'-8‚"
3'-5…" 21'-10‚" 21'-6ƒ" Limit of EPS material Approach slab seat
25'-3†" 24'-3"
Geotextile separation fabric
shall be wrapped around
ends of EPS material
1 fully enclosing it, typ.
PLAN
C
L Rte. 667 3-SH0601
Bottom of backwall
C A VIEW D-D
8 9
B Not to scale
3'-1" 8 9 8 9
Elev. 1002.00 min. lap
2-SH0504 3-SH0601
Elev. 1001.29 Elev. 1001.08
17
2'-7" min.
lap typ.
SH0601
SV0505
SV0505
See Detail L
dgn
SV0504
999-94_008.
SV0504
Face of integral
backwall
SH0602 NF typ.
SH0602 NF typ. SH0602 NF typ.
between girders SH0602 NF typ.
between girders between girders ƒ" expanded C
L Girder 5
and 2-SH0601
and 2-SH0601 A B between girders 1‡" cl.
C and 2-SH0601 rubber joint filler
8 9 8 9 and 2-SH0601 Line thru center
8 9 SH0504
of bearings
3" 1'-2…"
1
3 spa. @ 8" = 2'-0"
ELEVATION
DETAIL K
Scale: •" = 1'-0"
1•"
1•
"
ABUTMENTS DETAIL L
Typical at acute angles SEMI-INTEGRAL BACKWALL
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS Not to scale
PLAN AND ELEVATION

...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 5 of 12
RICHMOND, VA
Checked: ............
Apr. 2020 999-FILE NO. 17.07-5
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 667 0667-127-114, B609 9

Construction joint
ST0602 17 End of slab

14 ST0501 Deck reinforcement ST0501
7" Construction joint
SV0402 SV0402 Top of girder Construction joint SV0402 Top of girder
Note: 26
ST0602
7"
The Contractor shall install temporary blocking devices acceptable
-6"
2ƒ "
1"
18 to the Engineer to prevent the superstructure from sliding during
1'
construction. Such devices are required at the lower end of each
4"
Bolster Bolster
21 1 girder and shall be removed after construction is completed. The
cost of the devices shall be included in cost of structural steel.
1
Bottom of deck Bottom of deck
Bottom of deck
SV0401
SV0401
3• "
2•" cl. typ.
-1• "
-4• "
Face of integral backwall Face of integral backwall Face of integral backwall

SH0601
6 spa. @ 10‚ " = 5'

10"
6 spa. @ 10ƒ " = 5'
n.
ap typ.
2•" cl. typ.
-7" m i
SV0505 2•" cl. typ.
n.
ap typ.
-7" m i
1'
SH0601 thru 1•" /
o
l
9" SV0504 22
holes in girder
Geotextile
1'
Back of integral
l
separation
backwall 19
fabric
C
Lstud shear connectors
2-SH0504 22
SH0601
ƒ "
SV0401 SV0401
SH0602 24
EPS material 15
ƒ"
Varies
SV0403 18
3• "
1"
Drip Detail
20 13 See Notes
ƒ" expanded 1•"
1'-4" Line thru center 1'-7" 10"
1'-4" 1'-7" rubber joint filler Line thru center
of bearings of bearings
Back of stem
11
4"
11 Back of stem 6"
16
DRIP DETAIL
Not to scale
1'-4" Line thru center
of bearings
11
A B C
SECTION
8 9
SECTION
8 9
SECTION
8 9
For details not shown, see Section B-B For details not shown, see Section A-A For details not shown, see Section B-B
SV0401, SV0403 and SH0601 bars omitted
for clarity
dgn
999-94_009.
ABUTMENTS
SEMI-INTEGRAL BACKWALL
SECTIONS

...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 6 of 12
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: ƒ" = 1'-0" unless otherwise noted
Checked: ............
Apr. 2020 999-FILE NO. 17.07-6
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
ƒ" expanded
25 VA. 11 0011-044-283, B611 3
" rubber joint
-3
D
3
" 1' filler
"
-0
4
-0 7'
7' "
-3
4' 26
5'
" Top of Notes:
1" min.
-3
-0
4' seat
Face of
"
8 For extruded parapets, widen substructure by 1" (between wing
" wingwall
-3 haunches perpendicular to centerline) to allow for extra 1" width
1'
in deck and backwall. Any additional cost shall be at the Contractor's
expense.
•" wash
C
3
Cost of rub plates and joint filler shall be included in the price of
8'
4
1'-4‚" 26'-0‡" 24'-1‡" substructure concrete.
-2
5'
DETAIL J
-0
"
11
10
C 12
L Rte. 11 19'-2…" 9 For details of semi-integral backwall, see sheets 8 and 9.
2'
"
'-
Scale: 1" = 1'-0"
'-
o
-5
6"
4"
0"
Detail H and 10 30
‚
Sta. 102+01.92 For anchor bolt sleeve details, see bearing details on sheet 11.
Typ. Anchor
"
-8"
Bolt Layout
3• "
Face of
4"
1'
-5"
wingwall
2'
AH0505
-0"
below
10• "
-1"
seat
7'
3'
AP0401
D
3
3
11
4"
9• "
-9"
11
'-
4
Detail E
0"
'-
2'
60
10• "
10
Detail G 1'-4•"
30o
…
See sheet 4
-5"
"
1'
AH0509 Line thru AH0507 Anchor bolt
"
-6"
below 2'-0"2'-0" center of below seat -6 sleeve typ.
1'
7"
C
L beam
bearings
1'
seat typ. typ. 11
9• "
9" 9"
3• "
2 spa.
C
3
" 3" 3"

2'-1•" -5 @ 12"
2'
4
2'-9†" 2'-8ƒ" = 2'-0"
-8"
10…" 2 spa. @ 10'-9…" = 21'-6ƒ" 2 spa. @ 10'-9…" = 21'-6ƒ" " 7
‚
-3 5-AP0402
6'
1'
-1"
27'-11•" 24'-1" "
1… 4'-0"
3'
-1 27
1'
-7"
-5"
1
PLAN 11
5 spa. @ 11" = 4'
TYPICAL PAD REINFORCEMENT DETAIL
1'
Line thru center
8-AV0402 and 12-AV0402 Scale: •" = 1'-0"
of bearings
5‡ "
9• "
8-AV0603 See Detail G
See Detail E
Elev. 999.80 Elev. 999.56 Line thru center
6-AH0506
3" C
L girder 3•"
5 11 of bearings
1'-4•" 1'-8" 1'-5" 1'-6"
-0"
2'-5"
6-AH0508
5 spa. @
5 3" typ.
12" = 5'
2'-0" 2'-0" 10•"12"
11"
Elev. 994.21
A •" wash typ. 4-AP0401 typ. 3•" 7•"
Elev. 994.10
Elev. 994.35 9"
Elev. 994.07 Elev. 993.85 DETAIL H AND TYP. AV0401
ANCHOR BOLT LAYOUT C

Lanchor
Back of stem
4-AH0507 Scale: •" = 1'-0" bolt sleeves
4"
3 spa. @ 10"
3 spa. @ 11"
2" clr. typ. = 2'-6" AH0403

4-AH0505 EF
AS0403 EF typ.
4-AH0509
Geocomposite
Varies
4"
-9"
6" typ. 4" wall drain

6" typ. Detail J
= 2'
Form with 6"/ non-rigid tubing,

o
2 spa.
-0"
@ 12"
cover the wall drain end with 2•" cl. typ.
4-AH0404 6
4"
= 2'
4-mesh screen
1
AH0401 EF 4-AH0402 4-AH0403 9" 9" AH0401
Elev. 987.73 12-AF0509 spaced
6"o
/ hole centered on the AF0404
with AV0402
weephole shall be cut in the
7'-6" 2 spa. @ 9'-9" = 19'-6" 2 spa. @ 9'-9" = 19'-6"
dgn
plastic portion of the wall

999-98_003.
9 spa. @ 6" = 4'-6" drain to connect it with

A 2 spa. @ 12" = 2-0"
-9"
n.
typ. at interior seats typ. at exterior seats the weephole AF0509
mi
1'
-0"
1
4"
ELEVATION 8 eq. spa. 2-AF0602
3'
Piles not shown = 7'-3…" C
B
3" L ƒ" o
/ x 5" stud
8…"
12"
Detail F typ. between shear connector
girders
Back of stem
2" typ.
3" typ.
AV0401 lap with 2-AF0509
Extend 12" wide
9"
AF0601
fabric water- Top of wing
4"
proofing 6" below 4" typ. 12
AW0501 seat level typ. Back of stem AF0403
4
Face of
AH0506 AV0503 integral C
L HP12x53
backwall
1'-3" 1'-3"
AV0402 Bottom of deck 4'-6"
8…
8 spa. @ 6"
"
2•" cl.
-0"
C Face of integral 7'-0
typ. L rub plates
2•" backwall
= 4'
B
3 spa. 1'-4ƒ" 2
@ 8•" •" stainless steel SECTION A-A
Face of
= 2'-1•"
3 1" preformed joint filler rub plate, Scale: •" = 1'-0"
integral
ASTM A276 Type 316
backwall
DETAIL E 1" preformed
DETAIL F 6
Scale: •" = 1'-0" joint filler
Scale: 1" = 1'-0"
Back of stem
ABUTMENTS
ABUTMENT A
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS SECTION B-B PLAN AND ELEVATION
Scale: •" = 1'-0" PART 2
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - PRESTR. CONCRETE BEAMS Date Plan DATE: 29Oct2021
...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 7 of 12
RICHMOND, VA 1
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: ‚" = 1'-0" unless otherwise noted c 2020, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Oct. 2021 999-FILE NO. 17.07-7
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
1'-3" 1'-6"
16'-0"
4'-3"
VA. 11 0011-044-283, B611 4
13-AW0402 NF and 13-AW0503 FF
F
4"
12 spa. @ 12" = 12'-0" 15'-0"
6‡ "
3"
AW0501 EF 13-AW0402 NF and 13-AW0503 FF
3"
E 12 spa. @ 12" = 12'-0" Note:
26
AW0503
3"
4"
AW0501 EF For additional notes, see sheet 3.
AW0402
-0"
AW0501
1'-3" 1'-6"
8 spa. @ 12" = 8'
4'-3"
9-AW0501 EF
-0"
-0‡ "
ap
-4"
8 spa. @ 12" = 8'

n. l
9-AW0501 EF
9'
2'
mi
AF0602 AF0404
-10"
AW0503
8'
-9"
AW0402
-0"
1'
AF0509
4• "
3'
AW0501
12"
AF0606
3"
ap
12
-4"
n. l
4"
AF0605 AF0602
4" typ. AF0605
2'
4
mi
AF0403 AF0404
3"
AF0606
AF0602
C
L HP12x53
E
-9"
Elev. 987.73 1'-3" 1'-3"
4'-6"
-0"
1'
AF0509
8-AF0509 EF F
4• "
3'
4" 7'-0" Elev. 987.73
12"
7 spa. @ 12" = 7'-0"
8-AF0509 EF
SECTION E-E 3"
C 7 spa. @ 12" = 7'-0" AF0608
12
VIEW
4"
3 4
4" typ.
4
25 D -3
" AF0403
1'
VIEW3 4
" C C
" -0 LHP12x53 L HP12x53
-3 7'
1'
4"
" 1'-3" 1'-3"
" -6
-0 C 4' 4'-6"
1'
7' L HP12x53
-3
" "
-6
"
4' AF0404 bott. -3 7'-0"
1' AF0404 bott.
" 43'-1…"
11
-3
1' SECTION F-F
-A
2
F0
23'-11" 19'-2…"
sp
40
11
2 spa. @ 9'-2•" = 18'-5" 6'-2•" 3'-0" 2 spa. @ 9'-2•" = 18'-5"
'-
7'
@
2-AF0602
to
6"
C
-1
L Rte. 11
4'
p
AF0605
0"
AF0608
-6
10
-
2-AF0606 10
"
'-
12
10
2-AF0608
=
o
0"
2-AF0605 C
4"
30 L HP12x53 AF0601
9'
sp
1'
-0
a
-3
Line thru center
"
.
11
"
of bearings
3'
@
12
-0
12
-A
"
-3"
1'
"
F0
-3
40
1'
4'
"
4
-1
1"
to
dgn
-10"
AW0402
p
999-98_004.
10
-0"
Sta. 102+01.92
-
AF0602 typ.
2'
"
AH0508
11
each pile AW0503
7'
11
'-
sp
AF0404 top
Back of
-8"
10
AW0501
a
2-AF0403 typ. stem

.
…
-3" 1'
each pile 2-AF0607
@
"
AV0402
12
o
60 o
"
1'
30 Face of
=
"
-8 integral
4'
11
backwall
'-
0"
2-AF0601 " "

4" ‚ 4„
1'-10•" -3 1" preformed
6'
joint filler a.
sp "
3 spa. @ 7'-3•" = 21'-10•" 5'-5" 3 spa. @ 7'-3•" = 21'-10•" 4 3 7
@ "
-9
9" 52-AF0404 top - 51 spa. @ 12" = 51'-0" Denotes direction 1'
=
of 4:12 pile batter
2•" 27'-9" 24'-1" DETAIL G
Not to scale
52'-0•"
ABUTMENTS
ABUTMENT A
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS FOOTING PLAN AND WINGWALL
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - PRESTR. CONCRETE BEAMS DETAILS
PART 2
...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 8 of 12
RICHMOND, VA
Checked: ............
Apr. 2020 999-FILE NO. 17.07-8
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 11 0011-044-283, B611 8
14
SV0402, ST0602, 26
D 2-SV0401, ST0501, 14 SVO402, ST0602, SV0403, SV0404, D Notes:
14 10
and SV0402 12 3 spa. @ 12" typ. 14
C SV0403, SV0404, Integral backwall concrete shall be placed and cured to a minimum
L Rte. 11 o
3 spa. @ 12" compressive strength of 3000 psi prior to placement of deck
30 14 2-SV0401, ST0501,
12" 1'-6" typ. at beams concrete.
and SV0402
2-SV0401, ST0501,
Detail K 12" SV0402, ST0602 1'-6" 12" Backfill operations above seat level shall not be started until deck
8"
has been placed and cured to a minimum compressive strength of
7"
6 spa. @ 11•"
End of slab 1'-6" 3000 psi. Backfill shall be placed such that the differential in fill
= 5'-9" typ.
Sta. 102+01.92 between beams height between both abutments does not exceed 6" after com-
13 paction.
-10"
For details of holes through the web and location and number of BC
1'
series bars, see sheet 15.
10"
The integral backwalls shall be cast when the least thermal movement
15 of the superstructure can be expected during the period of initial
set of the concrete in the backwall, e.g. at dusk or during an
expected uniformly cloudy day.
Face of
Line thru
-4"
integral Elev. 999.06
center of Forms for the backwall shall be attached to the beams only; the
backwall
1'
bearings C
L beam forms shall not be attached to or blocked against the abutment
Elev. 999.30
11 stem. The backwall and forms must be free to move in relation to
Face of integral backwall the abutment.
8"
3'-1…" 2'-8‚"
2 spa. @ 10'-9…" = 21'-6ƒ" 2 spa. @ 10'-9…" = 21'-6ƒ"
25'-3†" 24'-3"
1
PLAN
Limit of EPS material Approach slab seat
Geotextile separation fabric

shall be wrapped around
ends of EPS material
fully enclosing it, typ.
SH0601 bars omitted for clarity SH0602 and SH0603 bars omitted for clarity
Bottom of backwall
C
8 9 B A VIEW D-D
2-SH0601
8 9
8 9 Not to scale
Construction joint typ. SH0603 NF typ.
between beams Elev. 999.06
Elev. 999.30
SV0506
17
2'-7" min.
SV0507 lap typ.
SV0504
SV0504
See Detail L SH0601
SV0505
SH0602 thru holes in beam
SH0602 typ. thru ƒ" expanded rubber SV0505

SH0505 SH0604 NF
dgn
holes in beam SH0604 NF joint filler

B A and 2-SH0601
999-98_008.
SV0507
C 8 9 1 8 9
8 9
SV0506 Face of integral
ELEVATION backwall
C
L beam
1‡" cl.
Line thru center

SH0504 of bearings
2 spa.
3" 6…"
@ 1'-2"
1•"
= 2'-4"
DETAIL K
Scale: •" = 1'-0"
1•
"
DETAIL L
Typical at acute angles
Not to scale
ABUTMENTS
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS SEMI-INTEGRAL BACKWALL
PLAN AND ELEVATION
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - PRESTR. CONCRETE BEAMS
PART 2
...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 9 of 12
RICHMOND, VA
Checked: ............
Apr. 2020 999-FILE NO. 17.07-9
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 11 0011-044-283, B611 9

ST0602 End of slab Deck reinforcement ST0501
7" BC0501
SV0402 ST0501 SV0402 Top of beam Top of beam
Construction joint
Note: 26
3"
7"
ST0602
4ƒ "
-6"
The Contractor shall install temporary blocking devices acceptable

18 to the Engineer to prevent the superstructure from sliding during
1'
4"
SV0504
1 Bolster Bolster construction. Such devices are required at the lower end of each
3•"
21 girder and shall be removed after construction is completed. The
1 cost of the devices shall be included in cost of prestressed beams.
Geotextile
separation Bottom of deck Bottom of deck
SV0401 SV0404
4 spa. @ 7• "
2 spa.
fabric
-6"
@ 9"
Face of integral backwall 22 Face of integral backwall
-6"
n.
n.
=1'
ap typ.
SH0603
-7" m i
-7" m i
2•" typ. 2•" cl. typ. SH0602 thru 1•" o
/ holes
= 2'
19 SV0505 SV0507
ap
l
Back of integral SH0601
backwall SH0601
1'
1'
l
SV0506
1"
SH0604 24 15
SV0401 EPS material
3•"
BC series 22 2-SH0505
Drip Detail
11
20 13 11 11
1'-4" SV0403 10"
ƒ "
1'-8" 1'-10" Line thru center of bearings Line thru center of bearings 1'-10" Line thru center of bearings
Back of stem 4"
ƒ" expanded Back of stem 6"
16
rubber joint filler
1'-4"
ƒ"
A B
SECTION 8 9 SECTION 8 9
C 1"
SECTION 8 9
1•"
For details not shown, see Section B-B For details not shown, see Section A-A
For details not shown, see Sections A-A and B-B
For clarity, SV0401 and SV0402 bars not shown
DRIP DETAIL
Not to scale
dgn
999-98_009.
ABUTMENTS
SEMI-INTEGRAL BACKWALL
SECTIONS
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - PRESTR. CONCRETE BEAMS PART 2
...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 10 of 12
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: ƒ" = 1'-0" unless otherwise noted
Checked: ............
Apr. 2020 999-FILE NO. 17.07-10
CHECK LIST FOR SAMPLE PLANS:
REINFORCEMENT PLAN for a semi-integral abutment complete with dimensions at a
scale of 3/8” = 1’-0”. Regardless of the skew, the elevation view should be projected down
from the plan view.
2 Show sections taken through the semi-integral abutment and integral backwall complete
with dimensions at a scale of 1/2” = 1’-0” unless scale is insufficient to show adequate
details. Coordinate sections to provide the necessary details with repetition only
where required.
3 Wing haunch at acute corner shall be designed to resist the moment and shear induced by
the force resulting from the passive earth pressure and the skew. Rub plates and the
additional backwall thickness are only required at the acute corners of skewed bridges.
Rub plates to be centered vertically and horizontally over contact area.
4 Minimum thickness of the preformed joint filler between the backwall and the wing at the
obtuse corner shall be 1”. This may be increased due to thermal expansion in the
transverse direction.
5 Extend wing 6” above finished grade. Not required for bridges without skew or where
terminal wall is on the substructure.
6 Top of rub plate to begin 3” below top of deck. Bottom of rub plate to maintain 2” clear
from top of bottom flange for steel superstructures; 3” clear from bottom of beam for
concrete. Preformed joint filler to extend as shown.
7 Provide distance from back of stem to break in seat to allow for contraction and creep with
1” clear.
8 Delete this note if railings are used or slip forming of parapets is not allowed.
9 Bridge plans shall be arranged such that backwall details follow the Deck Plan. For
general sheet order, see File No. 01.02-4.
11 Line thru center of bearings shall be used as the reference line for abutments.
12 Label skew angle (if applicable).
13 The minimum width of integral backwall shall be 1’-7” for steel stringers and 1’-10” for
concrete stringers. Clipping flanges is preferable to increases in thickness where required
due to skew.
The maximum spacing shall be 12”. ST0602 bars between the backwall and the approach
slab (where applicable) are not required outside of the exterior beam/girder.
15 Thickness of backwall shall be increased by 10” at the acute corner of skewed bridges
outside of the exterior stringers. The increase in thickness shall end at the top surface of
the bottom flange for steel stringers or 1” above the bottom of beam for concrete stringers.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 31Oct2018
CHECK LIST FILE NO. 17.07-11
16 Distance between face of integral backwall and back of stem shall be a minimum of 4”.
17 The approach slab seat (7”) shall be provided on all integral backwalls regardless of
whether the bridge will have an approach slab.
18 In case of single span semi-integral bridge, use the temporary blocking note shown.
Otherwise, delete it.
19 Location and details of holes in the web and the studs should be included with the
beam/girder details.
20 For additional details concerning the use of EPS material and calculations for the required
thickness, see File No. 17.03-29.
The seat remains 7” wide. (see sketch)
22 Maximum spacing is 12”.
23 Note not needed for PCBT-53 and larger.
24 The minimum embedment into the backwall is 6” for steel stringers and 9” for concrete
stringers.
and -2.
27 Where seat reinforcement is required per File No. 17.03-4, provide typical detail. Space
bars to miss anchor bolts and anchor bolt sleeves.
28 Provide the appropriate geotechnical design data in tabular format if not combined with pier
data and provided near front of the plan assembly. For additional information, see File No.
17.02-3. The plan set for these sample sheets combined the design data near the front of
the plan assembly (i.e., not shown on these sample sheets). See sample pier sheets and
accompanying notes in File Nos. 15.03-1 thru -12 for examples of data tables on sheets.

ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
of deck slab extensions at abutments.
Concrete deck slab main and distribution reinforcement shall be detailed and placed in
accordance with the requirements set forth in Chapter 10 except where otherwise noted in this
section.
Deck slab extensions shall be designed to resist the loads and forces to which the bridge deck
system may be subjected. ES series bars shown in the details contained in this section shall be
of the size and spacing required when combined with the deck slab distribution reinforcement
(SL- series bars), the deck slab extension will have sufficient strength to resist these loads and
forces. Deflection of deck slab extension plus live load deflection of bearing assembly shall be
limited to no more than one-half the thickness of the expanded rubber joint filler on top of
backwall in order to prevent any upward forces being transmitted into the deck slab extension.
Parapet/railing terminal walls shall be located on the superstructure.
The “End of slab” shall be used as a reference line for the “Beginning of bridge” and “End of
bridge” shown on the developed section along the centerline or baseline on the title sheet. “End
of slab” shall be labeled on the deck slab plan.
The “Line thru center of bearings” shall be used as a construction/layout reference line on the
plan view shown on the substructure layout, curved bridge layout, erection diagram and the
abutment details.
Deck slab extension details shall be shown with the Deck Slab Plan, Deck Slab Elevations and
Deck Slab Placement Schedule in the bridge plan assembly. Deck slab extension details shall be
shown using phantom lines with abutment sections.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
DECK SLAB EXTENSION SHEET 1 of 28
The design and detailing of abutments for use with deck slab extensions is similar to that for
abutments. Wingwall haunches shall be designed to resist the moment and shear transferred
through the rub plates.
On projects where the deck extension is utilized and an approach slab is required, then a buried
approach slab shall be used. For details of buried approach slabs, see Chapter 19.
Drainage details specific to using a buried approach slab with deck slab extension are included in
this section.
The minimum depth of deck slab extension for steel beam/girder superstructures shall be 12”.
The depth of deck slab extension shall not exceed 1’- 8”.
Deck slab extension shall bear uniformly on the top of end diaphragm for design strength.
On structure widths up to approximately 48', the designer shall connect the outside depths by a
straight line, provided the maximum depth is not exceeded. Examples of deck extension on steel
are shown in File No. 17.08-3. For structure widths greater than 48', the designer shall slope the
backwalls parallel to top of deck maintaining the minimum depth.
Designer has some flexibility in determining whether to design straight lined or to design parallel
to cross slope. Other considerations in this determination are the elevations at the outside edges
of deck slab, combination of gradient and skew, depth of diaphragms and size of diaphragms
Straight line design provides for easier construction. Less abutment elevations calculations are
needed for design.
Parallel to cross slope provides for a more uniform design. Lower transverse forces are at the
acute haunches. Smaller rub plates and smaller load applied to wing haunch may be additional
considerations.
Bottom of deck slab extension and top of abutment backwall shall be sloped parallel to finished
grade of deck slab while maintaining the minimum depth of 12”. See transverse sections in File
No. 17.08-4.
The deck slab shall extend past the back of backwall by a minimum of four (4) inches.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
Section on top of diaphragm near outside member.
Section shown at interior with straight line when deck slab depth less than diaphragm depth.
Section shown at maximum thickness with straight line with slab depth less than diaphragm
depth.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
TRANSVERSE SECTIONS:
CROWNED DECK SLAB

For use up to approximately 48’ width
CROWNED DECK SLAB

For use when straight-line exceeds 1’-8” depth
SUPERELEVATED DECK SLAB
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
The calculations do not correspond to the sample spalns shown in File No. 17.09-1 thru -5
TYPICAL TRANSVERSE SECTION:
43'-4"
40'-0"
20'-0" 20'-0"
8•"
3'-0" 3'-0"
4 spa. @ 9'-4" = 37'-4"
TRANSVERSE SECTION
UNITS:
ft lb lb
12 2 2
ft in
lb lb k k k
3 ft 2 ft 2
ft ft in
Kp := 12 Assume soil type "granular dense"at wingwalls
NL := 3 Number of lanes
TBackwall := 1  ft Thickness of Backwall
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Tdeck := 8.5  in Thickness of concrete deck slab
TTopflange := 0.75  in Thickness of top flange of beam/girder
BTopflange := 12  in Width of top flange
TBolster := 1.5  in Thickness of bolster at centerline of bearing
Dtopdiaph := 3  in Distance from bottom of top flange to top of end diaphragm
TFWS := 1.5  in Thickness of future wearing surface
CS := 0.02 Crown rate (cross slope) of the bridge deck
Overhangext := 4  in Extension overhang beyond backwall
Dtobrg := 12  in Distance from centerline of bearing to front face of backwall
dc := 3.5  in Distance from the surface of concrete to center of reinforcing steel
f'c := 4  ksi Compressive strength of deck concrete
K1 := 1.0 Correction factor for source of aggregate

Unit weight of wearing surface
γFWS := 140  pcf
2 6
 γRC   3 
Ec := 120000  K1     f'c  (3 ksi)2  ft 2 AASHTO LRFD 5.4.2.4-1
 1000  lb
-6  1 
 deg 
 Es  Modular ratio of steel to concrete for the deck

nd :=  
 Ec 
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
LRFD LOAD FACTORS:
γe := 1 Exposure factor for Class 1 exposure condition AASHTO LRFD 5.6.7
γTU := 1.2 Load factor for temperature induced loads AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-1
γEH := 1.35 Load factor for passive earth pressure for Strength AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-2
DC DW LL TU EH
 1.25 1.5 1.75 γTU γEH  Strength I

γ1 :=   AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-1&2
 1.0 1.0 1.0 γTU γEHs  Service I
η := ηD  ηR  ηI Overall Load Modifier AASHTO LRFD 1.3.2.1-1
η = 1.00 Per current VDOT IIM-S&B-80.6, all load modifiers shall be =1.0
for all Limit States
IM := 0.75 Dynamic load allowance for deck extenstion AASHTO LRFD 3.6.2.1-1
mp := 1.0 Multiple presence factor AASHTO LRFD 3.6.1.1.2-1
AASHTO LRFD 5.5.4.2
ϕv := 0.90 For shear in reinforced concrete
AASHTO LRFD 6.5.4.2
ϕss := 0.85 For shear connector (studs)
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
LOAD DEFINITIONS:
Ph Passive earth pressure at bottom of deck slab
Rh Butress force
DECK EXTENSION DEPTH:
Determine depth of deck extension
Tdeck = 8.50  in
TBolster = 1.50  in
TTopflange = 0.75  in
Dtopdiaph = 3.00  in
Δhoverhang := Overhang  CS = 0.72  in Change in depth across overhang due to cross slope
Dslabdiaph := Tdeck + TBolster + TTopflange + Dtopdiaph Depth from top of slab to top of end
diaphragm/channel at exterior girder
Dslabdiaph = 13.75  in
Dslabedge := Dslabdiaph - Δhoverhang = 13.03  in Thickness of slab at the exterior edge
Determine whether to design parallel to cross-slope or straight-line from exterior to

exterior edge of deck slab:
Δhexterioredge := 0.5  W Bridge  CS = 5.20  in Change in depth between the centerline and
exterior edge due to cross slope
Dslabcenter := Dslabedge + Δhexterioredge Depth of deck extension at centerline of slab
Dslabcenter = 18.23  in
Minimum deck extension thickness, see

DMin := 12in
File Nos. 17.08-2 thru-4
DMax := 20in Maximum deck extension thickness, see

File Nos. 17.08-2 thru-4
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Check that the deck extension criteria is met at the exterior edge, exterior diaphragm
and at the centerline:
( )
if Dslabedge > DMin , "OK" , "NG" = "OK" For the example problem, assume that no
additional considerations affect the design. The
( )
if Dslabdiaph > DMin , "OK" , "NG" = "OK" minimum and maximum depth requirements for
deck slab extension with a crown deck utilizing
(
if Dslabcenter < DMax , "OK" , "NG" = "OK") straight-line from exterior to exterior must be met.
If design is to be parallel to the cross-slope, the

Ddesignp := Dslabdiaph = 13.75  in
design depth is to the top of the diaphragm
Ddesigns := Dslabedge = 13.03  in If design is to be straight-line, the exterior

edge depth controls the design depth
( )
Ddesign := min Ddesignp , Ddesigns = 13.03  in Straight-line method controls
Design for flexure:
Determine Load Geometry:
Extension := Overhangext + TBackwall + Dtobrg Distance from centerline of bearing

to front face of backwall
Extension = 28.00  in
Extension
Sext := = 32.33  in
cos ( θ)
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Determine deck extension moments and shear:
Due to dead load:
(Ddesign + Dslabcenter )
havg := = 15.63  in Average height of deck extension
2
W DL := γRC  havg = 0.20  ksf Dead load per foot of slab
 W  S 2
 DL ext  Moment due to dead load per foot of
MDC :=  1ft = 0.71 ft  k
2 slab
1
VDC := W DL  Sext = 0.53 k Shear due to dead load per foot of slab
ft
Due to future wearing surface:
W FWS := γFWS  TFWS = 0.02  ksf Future wearing surface load per foot of
slab
W 2
 FWS  Sext 
MFWS :=  1ft = 0.06 ft  k Moment due to future wearing surface per foot of
2 slab
1
VFWS := W FWS  Sext = 0.05 k
ft Shear due to future wearing surface per foot of
slab
Due to live load:
Paxle := 32.k Axle load for HL-93 vehicle
wlane := 0.64klf Lane laod for HL-93 vehicle

Modified edge-to-edge AASHTO LRFD 4.6.2.3-1
(
W 11 := min W Bridge , 30ft = 30.00 ft ) width of bridge for
single-lane loading
(
W 12 := min W Bridge , 60ft = 43.33 ft ) Modified edge-to-edge width of
bridge for multilane loading
( )
L1 := min S ext , 60ft = 2.69 ft Modified span length
 L1   W 11 
E1 := 10  in + 5.0in     = 54.95  in AASHTO LRFD 4.6.2.3-1
 1.ft   1ft 
 L1   W 12 
E2calc := 84.in + 1.44 in     = 99.56  in AASHTO LRFD 4.6.2.3-2
 1ft   1.ft 
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
 in   W Bridge 
E2max :=  12    = 173.32  in
 ft   NL 
(
E2 := min E2calc , E2max = 99.56  in )
r := min ( 1.05 - 0.25  tan ( θ) , 1) = 0.91 Skew correction factor AASHTO LRFD 4.6.2.3-3
(
min E1 , E2 )
E := = 5.06  ft
r
 P  S  w  S 2 
axle ext  lane ext 
MLL :=  +   1ft = 17.51 ft  k
 E 2E 
(Paxle + wlane  Sext)
VLL := = 6.67  klf
E
Due to passive earth pressure:

1 2
qp :=  Kp  γsoil  havg  1.ft = 1475.92 lb Resultant force due to passive
2 earth pressure:
havg havg
ep := - = 0.22 ft
2 3
MEH := qp  ep = 0.32  k  ft
MEH
PEH := = 0.12  klf
Sext  1.ft
Factored Loads For Strength I Limit State:
MuI := η  γ1
 0,0
 MDC + γ1
0,1
 MFWS + γ1 ( )0 , 2  mp  ( 1 + IM)  MLL + γ10 , 4  MEH
MuI = 55.04  k  ft AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-1
Factored Loads For Service I Limit State:
MserviceI := η  γ1
 1,0
 MDC + γ1
1,1
( )1 , 2  mp  ( 1 + IM)  MLL + γ11 , 4  MEH1
 MFWS + γ1
MserviceI = 31.74  k  ft
AASHTO LRFD 3.4.1-1
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Determine area of Reinforcement Required:
2
Asslabtop := 0.19in Area of top distribution steel already provided in deck slab
2
Asslabbot := 0.19in Area of bottom distribution steel already provided in deck
slab
d := Dslabdiaph - dc = 10.25  in Depth of centriod of outermost layer of reinforcing steel
b := 12in Design width
Fy
ms := = 17.65
( )
0.85  f'c
MuI
Ru := = 582.09  psi
2
ϕb  b  d
1   Ru 
ρ :=  1 - 1 -  2  ms   = 0.0107
ms   Fy 
2
Astotreq := b  ρ  d = 1.32  in
2
Asadditional := Astotreq - A sslabtop = 1.13  in
Select bar size and spacing :

Note: Maximum reinforcement size is limited to #6 bar and spacing shall not be less than
four (4) inches.
Try, #6 bars at @ 4" spacing
s actual := 4in
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
BarDiam := 0.75in
 12in  2 2
Asprovadditional :=    0.44in = 1.32  in
 s actual 
(
if Asprovadditional > Asadditional , "OK" , "NG" = "OK" )
2
Astotprov := Asprovadditional + Asslabtop = 1.51  in
Astotprov  Fy
a := = 2.22  in Depth of compression block
0.85  f'c  b
 a
Mn := Astotprov  Fy   d -  = 69.00  ft  k
 2
(
if ϕb  Mn > MuI , "Strength Adequate" , "Re-design" = "Strength Adequate" )
In accordance with current IIM-S&B-80, control of cracking by distribution of reinforcemnet shall
not be applied to decks and deck extensions
1
   ( b)   havg  = 3818.21  in
3 4
I g := Gross moment of inertia
 12 
havg
ydext := = 7.81  in
2
Ig 3
Sc := = 488.58  in
ydext
3
  Sc  Cracking moment
( )
Mcr := γ31   γ11  f r + γ21  f cpe Sc - Mdnc   - 1.0
  Snc  AASHTO LRFD 5.6.3.3 - 1
Mcr = 20.95  k  ft
1.33  MuI = 73.20  k  ft Factored design load
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Minimum reinforcement requires that ϕb  Mn shall not be less than Mcr and 1.33  Mul
( )
Mr := min Mcr , 1.33MuI = 20.95  ft  k factored flexural resistance-for cracking
ϕb  Mn = 62.10  k  ft Nominal resistance
( )
if ϕb  Mn > Mr , "Min. reinforcement Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. reinforcement Met"
ag := 1.5in Maximum aggregate size
(
s Min := max 1.5  BarDiam , 1.5  ag , 1.5in = 2.25  in ) Minimum spacing
( )
if s actual > s Min , "Min. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. spacing met"
( )
s Max := min 1.5  havg , 18in = 18.00  in Maximum spacing
(
if s actual < s Max , "Max. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Max. spacing met")
1.3  b  havg k 2
AsTS :=  = 0.07  in
(
2  b + havg  Fy in )
( )
if Astotprov > AsTS , "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met"
Distribution Reinf. (perpendicular to traffic) Check : AASHTO LRFD 9.7.3.2
100
Percentdistrcalc :=  ft = 60.92
S ext
Percentdistrmax := 50
(
Percentdistr := min Percent distrcalc , Percentdistrmax = 50.00 )
(Astotprov  Percentdistr ) 2
Astotdistreq := = 0.75  in
100
Check if current transverse reinforcement provided in the deck slab is sufficient to function as
distribution reinforcement for the deck extension.
Try, #5 bars at @ 4.5" spacing
2
Asslabdist := 0.83in
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
( )
if Asslabdist > Astotdistreq , "Sufficient Distr. reinf." , "Insufficient Distr. reinf." = "Sufficient Distr. reinf."
Deck Slab Extension Deflection Check:

k
PserviceI := η  γ1  VDC + γ1  VFWS + γ1  mp  ( 1 + IM)  VLL = 12.25 
 1,0 1,1 1,2  ft
For computing the moment of inertia for use in deflection computations, Article 5.6.3.5.2-1 of the
AASHTO LRFD specifications gives the following equation:
 Mcr 
3   M  3
 cr 
Ie =    Ig + 1 -  M   where Icr  Ig
 Ma    a 
 bD 3
 slabedge  4
I gmin := = 2212.25  in
12
2
Astoptransf := nd  A stotprov = 10.22  in
dmin := Dslabedge - dc = 9.53  in
Find distance to the centriod, c comp
b
Ac := Bc := Astoptransf Cc := -dmin  Astoptransf
2
  B 2 - 4  A  C 
-Bc +  c c c
c comp1 := = 3.27  in
2  Ac
  2 
-Bc -  Bc - 4  Ac  Cc
c comp2 := = -4.97  in
2  Ac
(
c comp := max c comp1 , c comp2 = 3.27  in )
c comp  bc 3
A1 := b  c comp y1 :=  comp 
2 I 1 :=
12
A2 := Astoptransf y2 := c comp - dmin I 2 := 0
I cr :=  I 1 + A1  y1
2  2 4
 +  I2 + A2  y2  = 540.24  in
 Mcr 
3   M  3
 cr  4
I e :=    Igmin + 1 -  M    Icr = 632.45  in
 MuI    uI  
( )
I use := if I e < I gmin , I e , I gmin = 632.45  in
4
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
P 3
 serviceI  1ft  ( Sext) 
ΔLoad := = 0.05  in
3  E c  I use
Δbearing := 0.0in Deflection of bearing should be considered under live load

compression and long term creep.
Δtotal := ΔLoad + Δbearing = 0.05  in
( )
if Δtotal < 0.25in , "Deflection OK" , "Requirement Failed" = "Deflection OK"
Note: Deflection is limited to one half the 1/2in thickness of the expanded joint filler to be placed
between the deck extension and the top of the backwall. Should deflection be more than 0.25
in., then the rubber joint filler thickness needs to be increased to 3/4 in. thick.
WING HAUNCH DESIGN:
Determine reaction at acute corner and wing buttress due to skew effect:
See lateral force derivation in File No. 17.06-30 thru -34
(qp  W Bridge  tan ( θ) ) ft 

1
 
Rp := = 33.56  k Buttress force required to resist rotation of
  W Bridge   superstructure
1 +    tan ( θ)
  LBridge  
Determine allowable shear stress carried by concrete in wing haunch at the deck slab
Extension:
Extend the wing haunch perpendicular to the edge

Hhaunch := Dslabedge = 13.03  in
of the deck slab to handle the buttress force
h := 2ft
bhaunch := h  tan ( θ) = 13.86  in
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
dhaunch := h - dc = 20.50  in
Vuhaunch := γEH  η  Rp = 45.31  k
Hhaunch
rhaunch := 0.5in + = 7.01  in Lever arm for Rp
2
MEHhaunch := Rp  rhaunch = 19.62  ft  k
Muhaunch := γEH  η  MEHhaunch = 26.49  ft  k
Design for flexure:
Fy
mhaunch := = 17.65
( )
0.85  f'c
Muhaunch
Ruhaunch := = 60.65  psi
2
ϕb  bhaunch  dhaunch
1   Ruhaunch 
ρhaunch :=  1 - 1 -  2  mhaunch   = 0.0010
mhaunch   Fy 
2
Astotreqhaunch := bhaunch  ρhaunch  dhaunch = 0.29  in
Try, 2#4 bars minimum reinforcement per VDOT standards

2
A4bar := 0.2in
2
Ashaunch := 2  A4bar = 0.40  in
(
if Ashaunch > A stotreqhaunch , "OK" , "NG" = "OK" )
c haunch := 2.75in distance from the face of concrete to center of reinforcement
Sbar := bhaunch - 2  c haunch = 8.36  in
(Ashaunch  Fy) depth of compression block

ahaunch := = 0.51  in
0.85  f'c  bhaunch
Chaunch := 0.85  f'c  ahaunch  bhaunch = 24.00  k Compressioin force
 ahaunch 
Mnhaunch := Chaunch   dhaunch -  = 40.49  ft  k
 2 
( )
if ϕb  Mnhaunch > Muhaunch , "Strength Adequate" , "Re-design" = "Strength Adequate"
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020

dc
βshaunch := 1 + = 1.24
(
0.7  dhaunch )
Mhaunchservice := γEHs  η  MEHhaunch = 19.62  ft  k Max service moment
nd  Ashaunch
rhon := = 0.0081
bhaunch  h
2
k haunch := rhon + 2  rhon - rhon = 0.12
k haunch
jhaunch := 1 - = 0.96 Value of j for service limit state
3
Mhaunchservice Calculated tensile strength at service
f sscalc := = 29.91  ksi
Ashaunch  jhaunch  dhaunch limit state

f ssMax := 0.6  Fy = 36.00  ksi
( )
f ss := min f sscalc , f ssMax = 29.91  ksi
k
700   γe
in
Smaxhaunch := - 2  dc = 11.82  in Maximum bar spacing from AASHTO check
βshaunch  f ss
( )
if Sbar < Smaxhaunch , "Crack control met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Crack control met"
f r := 0.24 f'c  ksi = 0.48  ksi
I ghaunch :=
1 3
( )
   ( bhaunch)  h = 15962.58  in
4
Gross moment of inertia
 12 
h
yhaunch := = 12.00  in
2
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
I ghaunch 3
Schaunch := = 1330.22  in
yhaunch
  Schaunch 
( )
Mcrhaunch := γ3   γ1  f r + γ2  f cpe Schaunch - Mdnc   - 1.0 Cracking moment
  Snc 
Mcrhaunch = 57.04  k  ft
1.33  Muhaunch = 35.23  k  ft Factored design load
Minimum reinforcement requires that ϕb  Mn shall be the lesser of Mcr and 1.33  Mul
(
Mrhaunch := min Mcrhaunch , 1.33Muhaunch = 35.23  ft  k ) factored flexural resistance-for cracking
ϕb  Mnhaunch = 36.44  k  ft Nominal resistance
(
if ϕb  Mnhaunch > Mrhaunch , "Min. reinf. Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. reinf. Met" )
Sbar = 8.36  in
HaunchBarDiam := 0.5in
(
s Minhaunch := max 1.5  BarDiam , 1.5  ag , 1.5in = 2.25  in ) Minimum spacing
(
if Sbar > s Minhaunch , "Min. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Min. spacing met" )
(
s Maxhaunch := min 1.5  dhaunch , 18in = 18.00  in) Maximum spacing
(
if Sbar < s Maxhaunch , "Max. spacing met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Max. spacing met" )
1.3  bhaunch  h k 2
AshaunchTS :=  = 0.10  in
( )
2  bhaunch + h  Fy in
(
if Ashaunch > A sTS , "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met" , "Requirement Failed" = "Temp / Shrink. Steel Met" )
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
2 2
Asshaunch := 2  0.2  in = 0.40  in
 Mnhaunch 
dv := max  0.9dhaunch , 0.72h ,  = 20.25  in AASHTO LRFD 5.7.2.8
 A shaunch  Fy 
s x := dv = 20.25  in
(
Mu := max Muhaunch , Vuhaunch  dv = 76.45 ft  k ) AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2
1.38
s xe := s x  = 13.12  in
1 Crack spacing parameter
ag    + 0.63
 Mu 
 + Vuhaunch
 dv  Longitudinal
ε s := = 7.81E-003 AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-4
E s  Ashaunch tensile strain
4.8 51
β :=  = 0.68
(1 + 750  εs)  1  AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-2
s xe    + 39
   in 
( )
θv := 29 + 3500  ε s  deg = 56.34  deg AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4.2-3
Vc := 0.0316  β (f'c)  ksi  bhaunch  dv = 12.14  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-3
Vn := 0.5  Vc = 6.07  k
( )
if ϕv  Vn > Vuhaunch , "Design Adequate" , "Shear Reinf. Required" = "Shear Reinf. Required"
Check capacity with shear reinforcement (#4 stirrups spaced at 8" c.c)
2 2
Avhaunch := 0.2  2  in = 0.40  in Shear reinforcement
s v := 8  in Reinforcement Spacing
( )
A vhaunch  Fy  dv  cot θv AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-4
Vs := = 40.44  k
sv
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
Vn1 := V c + Vs = 52.58  k
Vn2 := 0.25f'c  bhaunch  dv = 280.53  k AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.3-2
(
Vnhaunch := min Vn1 , Vn2 = 52.58  k )
ϕv  V nhaunch = 47.32  k Vuhaunch = 45.31  k
(
if ϕv  Vnhaunch > V uhaunch , "Design Adequate" , "Design Not Adequate" = "Design Adequate" )
DESIGN OF RUB PLATES:
To determine the dimensions of the rub plate:
ΔT := t max - t min = 120.00  deg
ΔLrub := γTU  α  ( ΔT)  LThermal = 1.40  in
Minimum plate size is 8 in. (W)x6in. (H) x 1/2 in thick
Hrpmax := Dslabedge - 3in = 10.03  in height of rub plates
Hrp := 6in
Maximum galling stress for ASTM A276 Type 316
Fg := 2ksi
steel, of which rub plate are constructed
Fg
f g := = 1.00  ksi assuming safty factor of 2 for allowable galling stess
2
γEH  Rp
wmin := = 7.55  in
(Hrp  fg)
Ensure the minimum rub plate width is maintained during the extremes of the temperature cycles
wrp := wmin + ΔLrub = 8.96  in
Use 9 in X 6 in X 0.5 in rub plate.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
SLAB END DETAIL - STEEL MEMBERS W/ BURIED APPROACH SLAB
The above detail shall be used where an approach slab and deck extension on steel members are
deemed appropriate. For additional details of drainage system, see File Nos. 17.12-6 and -7.
Notes below are for designer’s information only and are not to be placed on the plans.
1. Section is taken normal to the abutment face. Section is for slab details and shall be shown
on the deck slab details sheets. Substructure details shall be shown on the abutment sheets.
2. The ½” expanded rubber joint filler shall extend the full length of the deck slab extension.
3. This dimension shall be determined by the designer and shown on the plans.
4. Provide a minimum 4” deck slab overhang.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
DECK SLAB EXTENSIONS SHEET 22 of 28
SLAB END DETAILS FILE NO. 17.08-22
SLAB END DETAIL – STEEL MEMBERS W/O APPROACH SLAB
The above detail shall be used where a deck extension on steel members is deemed appropriate.
For additional details of drainage system, see Section 17.12.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
SLAB END DETAIL – PRESTRESSED MEMBERS
W/ BURIED APPROACH SLAB
The above detail shall be used where an approach slab and deck extension on prestressed
concrete members are deemed appropriate. For additional details of drainage system, see File
Nos. 17.12-6 and -7.
2. The ½” expanded rubber joint filler shall extend for the full length of the deck slab extension.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
END OF SLAB DETAIL – PRESTRESSED MEMBERS W/O APPROACH SLAB
The above detail shall be used where a deck extension on prestressed concrete members is
deemed appropriate. For additional details of drainage system, see Section 17.12.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
RUB PLATE DETAIL
Bridges on skews shall be provided with rub plates on the deck slab extensions. Rub plates are
not required for bridges with skew = 0°.
The stainless steel plate shown above shall conform to the requirements of ASTM 276, Type 316.
Rub plates shall be designed to resist horizontal forces due to thermal induce passive earth
pressures and to accommodate the travel due to thermal movements. For sample design
calculations, see File Nos. 17.08-22 and -23.
Minimum size of rub plates shall be 8” (W) x 6” (H) x 1/2”. Hmax = depth of deck slab extension – 3”
(11/2” concrete cover top and bottom of plate). Spacing of shear studs shall not exceed 6”.
Rub plates shall be centered vertically on the depth of the deck slab extension and horizontally on
the contact area of the deck slab extension and the wingwall haunch.
Add appropriate note on the plan sheet for estimated quantities for cost of rub plates. For steel
beams/girders, include cost in structural steel. For concrete beams, include cost in abutment
concrete (Class A3).
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
RUB PLATE DETAIL FILE NO. 17.08-26
TERMINAL WALL DETAIL
Terminal wall for deck extension shall be extended beyond the end of slab as shown above.
Terminal walls for parapet/railings shall extend 1'-2" beyond the end of slab extension (see File No.
17.08-28 for details) and shall be deepened to the depth of the deck slab extension as shown. The
deepened section assists in limiting the amount of erosion at the end of the deck slab.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
TERMINAL WALL DETAILS FILE NO. 17.08-27
ELEVATION VIEW
PART PLAN TYPICAL FOR STRAIGHT CROSSINGS
PART PLAN TYPICAL FOR LEFT SKEWED CROSSINGS
PART PLAN TYPICAL FOR RIGHT SKEWED CROSSINGS
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
TERMINAL WALL DETAILS FILE NO. 17.08-28
completion of a plan detail sheets for a typical self/cantilever abutment with deck slab extensions
for steel beams/girders. Included are sample plan detail sheets necessary for providing a
complete bridge plan assembly. The sample plan detail sheets shown in this section are for a
bridge that does not require a buried approach slab.
It is not the intent of the sample plan detail sheets contained in this section to show practices and
requirements for the design of the deck slab extension for a bridge abutment. The plan detail
sheets shown in this section are intended only to provide the designer with the necessary detail
requirements for a complete bridge plan assembly.
For location of the shelf/cantilever abutment with deck slab extension plan detail sheets in the
bridge plan assembly, see File No. 01-02-4.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
DECK SLAB EXTENSIONS SAMPLE PLANS SHEET 1 of 7
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
54'-8" VA. 613 0613-007-246, B613 4

13
27'-11" 26'-9" 16
2'-3•" AH0505 below
7" typ. 25'-8‚" 23'-11•" top of backwall
4'-0" 10 Notes: 14
o AH0504 below
B
Construction L 30 top of backwall
Detail C 8 p. Detail D For extruded parapets, the opening between wing
Route 613 ty Sta. 99+01.15
12
7 haunches, (at abutments) shall be changed in
"
accordance with the requirements for the parapets,
-6"
at the Contractor's expense.

12" 1'
The rub plates shall be centered horizontally on the

wing haunch and centered vertically on the deck
o extension.
30
-0"
12" 12"
-0"
"
6'
3 4 Cost of rub plates and joint filler shall be included

3‚ " B
-0 in the price bid of substructure concrete.
2'
4' " 4
5
3‚
- For details of deck extension, see sheet 16.
-6"
4'
1'
The •" expanded rubber joint filler shall extend the

full length of the deck slab extension.
1'-6" 1'-6" Face of backwall Line thru center

C
L Beam 5
C
L Beam 4
C of bearings
L Beam 3 B
9 5
C
L Beam 2 4
C
L Beam 1
10'-9…" 10'-9…"
26'-6‚"
1
PLAN
50-AV0401 EF, 50-AV0403 and 50-AF0503 FF

12 Line thru center
49 spa. @ 12" = 49'-0" Lap 6-AV0402
of bearings
with 6-AF0503.
Lap 8-AV0402 25'-4" 9
See Detail D for
with 8-AF0503. End of slab
configuration
See Detail C for Elev. 999.42
Elev. 999.67 and AH0403 bars.
configuration 6'-0"
3"
and AH0402 bars.
7"
Elev. 998.59 A Elev. 998.46 Elev. 998.34
1'-6" 12" 12" 12" 1'-6"
4"
AW0503 EF 5
-0"
11
2'
No. 57, 78 or 8
12"
stone wrapped 9"
8-AH504 EF, 8-AH0505

4 spa. @ 11"
in a geotextile
AH0401 EF
AH0402 AH0401 EF
-8"
9"
AH0403
7 spa. @ 11"
7 spa. @ 10"
8-AW0501 EF
AW0502 EF
= 3'
3-AS0401 typ. at seats
11"
-5"
AV0403
= 5-10"
-3† "
Geocomposite
= 6'
Elev. 993.91 Elev. 993.66
Elev. 993.77 wall drain Face of backwall
Elev. 993.63 Elev. 993.41 Elev. 993.33
6'
AV0401
9"
• " w ash
Top of
es
AH0401
footing C
Vari
L anchor
Elev. 991.37 Permissible constr. joint
bolt sleeves
6" /
o pipe under-
drain. Extend to AV0404
surface of fill/cut
3"
5-AW0504 EF AH0401 EF
3"
-10"
-11"
n.
4 spa.@ 10•"
-5"
ap
4-AH0401
n.
mi
ap
= 3'-6"
mi
1'
1'
1'
l
AF0604 AH0401
dgn
6-AV0404 NF and
999-00_004.
6-AF0503 NF A 2 spa. @ 8•" 2 spa. @ 1'-3" = 2'-6" 9 eq. spa. = 8'-3…" 2'-6" 4 spa. @ 11"
-9"
n.
6„" Elev. 988.37 3…"
5 spa. @ 11" = 1'-5" typ. at seats typ. between seats = 3'-8"
mi
AF0503
1'
-0"
= 4-7"
1 AV0404 NF and AF0503 NF
4"
ELEVATION
3'
12"
Piles not shown
17 AF0602
2-AH0402
18 Back of backwall AW0507

AV0402 AF0602 AF0604
12 4" typ.
8" AF0401
E 4
5
4 Back of backwall
C
L HP 10 x 42
Rub plate
3"
C 1'-3" 1'-3"
o x 4" long studs
L ƒ" /
4
1" preformed SECTION A-A 2
3"
AW0504 AV0402 Face of backwall Stainless steel joint filler

plate •" thick. Scale: •" = 1'-0"
ASTM 276 Type 316. AW0508
1" preformed
AW0503
joint filler
2" 2"
4" 2-AH0403
E
5 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
4
DETAIL C RUB PLATE DETAIL
4 Required - 2 each acute corner Face of backwall
Scale: 1" = 1'-0"
Scale: 3" = 1'-0"
DETAIL D 15
ABUTMENTS ABUTMENT A
Scale: 1" = 1'-0"
DECK SLAB EXTENSION SAMPLE PLANS PART 2
ABC Date Plan DATE: 30Apr2020

VDOT S&B DIVISION
RICHMOND, VA
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - STEEL BEAMS/GIRDERS 1 DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 3 of 7
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Scale: … = 1'-0" unless otherwise noted c 2020, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Apr. 2020 999-FILE NO. 17.09-3
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 613 0613-007-246, B613 5
27'-11" 26'-9" 16
3-AF0602 bott. typ. between piles

2 eq. spa. = 1'-8•"
4 spa. @ 5'-9" = 23'-0" 4 spa. @ 5'-9" = 23'-0" Notes: 14

6•"
7" typ. For extruded parapets, the opening between wing haunches,
AF0602 bott. 7 (at abutments) shall be changed in accordance with the
typ. each end AF0602 typ. @ each pile requirements for the parapets, at the Contractor's expense.
B
Construction L
4" 4-AF0401 typ. each interior pile Sta. 99+01.15 C
L HP 10x42 The rub plates shall be centered horizontally on the wing haunch
8 o
Route 613 30 10 and centered vertically on the deck extension.

AFO604 bott.
Cost of rub plates and joint filler shall be included in the

-8"
7" price bid of substructure concrete.

-4"
-6"
-8" 12" 12" 1'
5-AF0604 top
For details of deck extension, see sheet 16.
-3"
4 spa. @ 1'
3'
-4"
Line thru center
-0"
2'
of bearings The •" expanded rubber joint filler shall extend the full length
= 5'
9 of the deck slab extension.
6'
-3"
-6"
1'
2'
1'
4" typ.
AF0604
Denotes direction
2-AF0401 typ. each exterior pile of 4:12 pile batter
3'-5•" 2'-3•"
4 spa. @ 5'-9" = 23'-0" 4 spa. @ 5'-9" = 23'-0"
55-AF0602 top
4"
54 spa. @ 12" = 54'-0"
1
AH0403
3"
3‚"
AW0506 EF
-1"
7"
AW0507 EF
1'
3"
-0
6 spa. @ 12" = 6'
-0† "
7-AW0505 EF
-5† "
8'
6'
1" preformed
5-AW0508 EF joint filler
3"
4 spa.@ 11•" Rub plates
dgn
= 3'-10"
Abutment wing
999-00_005.
3"
AH0402
AH0503 EF
3"
7"
17 6
2'-9ƒ"
18
4'-3‚"
AH0502 EF
•" expanded rubber joint filler
B
VIEW 4 5 E
VIEW 4 5
Scale: •" = 1'-0"

Scale: 1" = 1'-0"
15
ABUTMENTS ABUTMENT A DETAILS
DECK SLAB EXTENSION SAMPLE PLANS PART 2
ABC Date Plan DATE: 30Apr2019

VDOT S&B DIVISION
RICHMOND, VA
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - STEEL BEAMS/GIRDERS 1 DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 4 of 7
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Scale: … = 1'-0" unless otherwise noted c 2019, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Apr. 2019 999-FILE NO. 17.09-4
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
255'-5" VA. 613 0613-007-246, B613 16
102'-9" 49'-11" 102'-9" 16
ƒ "
Construction joint C
L pier Construction joint
CONCRETE PLACEMENT SCHEDULE NOTES:

Notes: 14
The numbers shown in the box indicate the
End of slab suggested order of deck slab placement.
The •" expanded rubber joint filler shall extend the full length
Any request to change this sequence shall
of the deck slab extension.
B be submitted to the Engineer for approval ƒ"
Construction L
prior to placement of any deck slab concrete.
Route 613 Forms for the deck slab extension shall be attached to the girders
1" only; the forms shall not be attached to or locked against the
abutment stem or ground. The backwall and forms must be free to
1•" move in relation to the abutment.
2 3 1
End of slab For details of Abutment A, see sheets 4 and 5.
For details of Abutment B, see sheets 6 and 7.
ABUTMENT A PIER 1 ABUTMENT B DRIP DETAIL For spacing of SL reinforcing bars, see sheet 11.
Scale: 3" = 1'-0"

CONCRETE PLACEMENT SCHEDULE For details of bars in terminal wall extensions, see sheet 18.
Not to scale
250'-0" 2'-8•"
2'-8•" 10'-0" 231-SC0501 top and bottom - 230 spa. @ 12" = 230'-0" 10'-0"
45-SC0502 top and bott.

-8"
6" 230-SB0501 - 229 spa. @ 12" = 229'-0"

44 spa. @ 6" = 22'-0"
4"
4"
1'
Line thru center of bearings 6" Line thru center of bearings
6"
16 spa. @ 8"
17-ES0602
-8"
typ.
Face of curb
er
o
= 10'
30 typ.
n betw een SL0401 bars over pi

8"
Detail C 4" End of slab
on
38-SL0401 top and 60-SL0401 bott.
ng, see Transverse Secti

-0"
20'
5-SC0503 top and bott.

-0"
4 spa. @ 6" = 2'-0"

30 spa. @ 8" = 20'
31-ES0601 typ.
37-SL0602 top
Sta. 99+01.15 B
Construction L
Sta. 100+26.15 Route 613
-4"
43'
A 5-SC0503 top and bott. SL0401 top and bottom C

L girders
Sta. 101+51.15
4 spa. @ 6" = 2'-0"
4"
For spaci
-0"
12 A ET0401 bott.
20'
Spaced i
16 spa. @ 8"
17-ES0602
-8"
ET0402 bott. (between girders)

8"
typ.
= 10'
Detail D
1'-7" min. lap
B Face of curb
ET0403 bott. typ.
4"
B
-8"
4"
28'-0" 28'-0"
1'
12
45-SC0502 top and bott. C
L pier and line thru center of bearings ES0601 - 64 spa. @ 8" = 42'-8"
6"
dgn
44 spa. @ 6" = 22"-0"

End of slab
DECK SLAB PLAN 1" preformed Rub plates
999-00_016.
Abutment joint filler

wingwall ES0601 •" tooled radius SC0503 SC0502 SL series bars Deck slab
End of slab reinforcing steel
Abutment wing
12 ES0601
es
ET0401 bott.
Vari
4 1" preformed ET0401
17
joint filler 2-ET0402
2-ES0504
18 End of slab ET0403 bott. Bottom of deck slab
3
Drip Detail
1'-2" End cross-frame
1'-2"
•" expanded rubber ET0402
joint sealer
ES0504 Top of backwall
4" and bottom of 2-ET0403 •" expanded rubber joint filler
3
1" preformed From 1'-1" at slab shall be
joint filler finished parallel
outside edge of
4 2'-9" to grade
SL series deck to 1'-6…" at
Abutment Rub plates SECTION B-B
ES0601 bridge baseline
wingwall Scale: 1" = 1'-0"
Back of backwall Bearing stiffener
DETAIL C DETAIL D COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

Scale: •" = 1'-0" Scale: •" = 1'-0"
SC bars not shown for clarity SC and SL bars not shown for clarity
ABUTMENTS 9 15
Line thru center of bearings DECK SLAB PLAN
DECK SLAB EXTENSION SAMPLE PLANS
SECTION A-A PART 2
DECK SLAB DETAILS SHEET - STEEL BEAMS/GIRDERS Scale: ƒ" = 1'-0" No. Description Date ABC
Designed: ...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 5 of 7
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Scale: „" = 1'-0", unless otherwise noted c 2019, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Apr. 2019 999-FILE NO. 17.09-5
REINFORCEMENT PLAN for an abutment with deck slab extensions complete with
dimensions at a scale of 3/8” = 1’-0”. The elevation view should be projected down from
the plan view.
2 Show SECTION (typical) view through abutment with deck slab extensions complete with
dimensions at a scale of 1/2” = 1’-0” unless scale is insufficient to show adequate details.
3 Wing haunch at acute corner shall be designed to resist the moment and shear induced by
the force resulting from the passive earth pressure and the skew. Rub plates are only
required at the acute corners of skewed bridges. Rub plates to be centered vertically and
horizontally over contact area
4 Minimum thickness of the preformed joint filler between the backwall and the wing at the
obtuse corner shall be 1”. This may be increased due to thermal expansion in the
transverse direction.
5 Extend wing 6” above finished grade. Not required for bridges without skew or where
terminal wall is on the substructure.
6 Center the rub plates horizontally on the wing haunch and vertically on the deck extension.
1
Top of rub plate to maintain 1 /2” minimum clear from top of deck. Bottom of rub plate to
1
maintain 1 /2” minimum clear from bottom of deck extension. Preformed joint filler to
extend as shown.
7 Delete this note if railings are used or slip forming of parapets is not allowed.
9 Line thru center of bearings shall be used as the reference line for layout of abutments.
11 The minimum width of backwall shall be 12”. Bridges with approach slabs provide 7” seat
(minimum width of backwall 1’-7”) for approach slab. The approach slab seat (7”) shall be
provided on all deck slab extensions where future possibility may require the addition of an
approach slab.
12 Maximum spacing is 12”.
and -2.
15 For instructions on completing the title block, see File Nos. 04.02-1 and -2.
16 For instructions on completing the project block, see File No. 04.01.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 31Oct2018
17 For instructions on developing the CADD sheet number, see File Nos. 01.01-6 and
01.14-4.
18 For instructions on completing the block for sealing, signing and dating this sheet, see File
Nos. 01.16-1 thru -5.

ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 31Oct2018
DECK SLAB EXTENSIONS – SAMPLE PLANS SHEET 7 of 7
completion of a plan assembly for a typical Virginia Abutment substructure. Additional practices
and requirements necessary for the design and detailing of the Virginia Abutment can be found in
Sections 17.03 and 17.06 of this chapter. Included are sample plan detail sheets with check list
for completing the bridge plan assembly.
The details shown in this section are intended only to provide the designer with the necessary
detailing practices and requirements for the detailing of the Virginia Abutment.
For general requirements and guidance on when to select this type of abutment, see File Nos.
17.01-4, -5 and -7 thru -16. The details contained herein for the Virginia Abutment shall be used
in situations where the length, skew, movement or geometry of the bridge preclude the use of the
integral abutments and/or where there is a tooth expansion joint is required at the location. The
designer shall check to make sure the total movement capacity of the tooth joint is not exceeded.
Special care needs to be taken on curved structures to align teeth in the direction that the
longitudinal thermal movement will occur. See note 3 in Part 3, BDEJ-5 thru 9VaC, sheet 12 of
16.
These details combine the jointless concept with traditional concepts to provide a bridge that has
a jointless superstructure and allows the use of uncoated weathering steel.
Due to the increase in abutment quantities, the use of these details should be based on initial
cost and future maintenance cost analysis of the structure.
Information placed in blocks is for designer’s information only and shall not to be placed on the
abutment detail sheets.
For location of the abutment detail sheets in the bridge plan assembly, see File No. 01.02-4.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Oct2020
VIRGINIA ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS SHEET 1 of 10
DRAINAGE TROUGH CANTILEVER FOR SKEWED ABUTMENTS
The trough cantilever shall be detailed as shown below:
PLAN
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 94 0094-038-104, B601 5
22
15
16 Notes:
See sheet 6 for abutment elevation view.
See sheets 6 and 7 for abutment reinforcement details.
See sheet 8 for pile plan and footing reinforcement details.
See sheet 9 for wingwall dimensions and reinforcement details.
A 12'-0" 12'-0"
5 9
1'-3" 1'-3"
3'-0" 7'-9" 6 7'-9" 3'-0"
C
L Rte. 94
Face of wingwall typ.

-3"
-3"
7'
7'
14'-3" 14'-3"
1'-6" 21'-9" 21'-9" 1'-6"
Capped end of 6" dia.

pipe underdrain (Slope to Capped end of 6" dia.
n.
drain) Inv. Elev. 2240.31 pipe underdrain (Slope
n.
2% m i
to drain) Inv. Elev. 2240.31
2% m i
-0"
-0"
9'
9'
Capped end of 6" dia. 2'-6" typ.
pipe underdrain (Slope to
drain) Inv. Elev. 2240.47 typ.
Back of backwall
6" dia. pipe underdrain
1'-6" typ. (slope to drain) typ.
3'-0" typ.
typ.
-6"
-6"
1'
1'
2% min. 2% min.
Extend to surface
-8"
of fill typ.
Drainage trough
1'
7"
-2"
-3"
Trough Face of backwall Trough
9'
Line thru center
7
2'
-8"
-8"
of bearings
11'
11'
11"11"
-10"
-4" 1'
o
90
dgn
6" typ.
999-99_005.
3 2
-3"1'
-6"
-3"1'
6" typ.
2'
23
1'
1'-4‚" typ.
A
2'-0" 2'-0"
24 5 9 1'-4‚" typ. Sta. 17+64.00
typ. typ.
3'-1" 3'-1"
10'-1" 10'-1" 10'-1" 10'-1"
3'-0" 23'-3" 23'-3" 3'-0"
46'-6"
1
PLAN
ABUTMENTS
21
ABUTMENT A
PLAN VIEW
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET PART 2

...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION ABC
Drawn: ................ SHEET 3 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: …" = 1'-0" c 2019, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions ABC
Checked: ............
Apr. 2019 999-
FILE NO. 17.10-3
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 94 0094-038-104, B601 6
22
6
C
L Rte. 94 and line of symmetry
23'-3" 23'-3"
35-AV0601 stem and 35-AV0503 trough 35-AV0502 and 35-AV0504 backwall
4" 4" 4"
7" 33 spa. @ 8" = 22'-0" 33 spa. @ 8" = 22'-0" 7"
B
6 7 Elev. 2252.04
6• "
AH0610 EF 5-AV0505 @ max. 12" Elev. 2251.56
spa. typ. btw. WT 12 x 34
Elev. 2251.56 See tooth joint details,
sheet 34.
12"
AH0504 EF backwall
WT 12x34 typ.
3" typ.
C
6 7 6" typ.
Elev. 2244.54
l
15-AH0502 EF backw al
C
L Girder 3
-4"
Bottom of trough Elev. 2245.00
For details of Top of trough
14 spa. @ 8" = 9'

C
L Girder 5 C
trough cantilever L Girder 4
reinf., see detail
1"
Elev. 2244.75 Elev. 2244.54

•" wash Top of trough
on sheet 7. Elev. 2244.33 Elev. 2244.54 typ.
Elev. 2243.06
typ. other side
12
1 12 Trough Elev. 2242.73
12 1 cantilever typ. other side
stem w / AH0508
1
6-AH0501 EF
7-AH0501 stem
and AH0509
Bottom of trough
-7"
AV0503
8"
AH0509
3-AH0501 trough
4'
2 spa. @ 8" = 1'-4"

C
3'-0" 6 7
AH0508 Top of footing
typ. 4" typ.
3 spa. @ 8" = 2'-0" Elev. 2239.75
4" typ.
3" typ.
3" typ.
3"
-0"
-0"
3'
3'
Elev. 2236.75
dgn
4" typ.
999-99_006.
B
6 7 4" typ.
7" 33 spa. @ 8" = 22'-0" 33 spa. @ 8" = 22'-0" 7"
23
35-AF0501 E.F. of stem 35-AF0502 E.F. of backwall
24
1
ELEVATION
15
Notes:
See sheet 7 for additional abutment reinforcement details and

pedestal reinforcement details.
See sheet 8 for pile batter and pile spacing.

See sheet 34 for details of tooth joint anchor bolts cast within
the paving notch. STRUCTURE AND BRIDGE DIVISION
ABUTMENTS 21
ABUTMENT A
VIRGINIA ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS ELEVATION VIEW
PART 2
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET Date Plan DATE: 30Apr2019
...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION
ABC
Drawn: ................ SHEET 4 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: •" = 1'-0" c 2019, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions ABC
Checked: ............
Apr. 2019 999-
FILE NO. 17.10-4
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 94 0094-038-104, B601 7

12
7"
1'-6" 1'-8" Face of backwall 22
AV0505 Tooth expansion joint 20
15 Notes:
11"
-8"
For anchor bolt pattern and seat/pad dimensions, see sheet 5.
4'-0"
2-AH0610 Construction joint
1'
12 See sheet 34 for tooth joint details within the backwall.
11"
3•" typ. Epoxy-Resin Type EP-3B shall be the prime or base coat. Type EP-3T
shall be the finish coat. Epoxy-Resin materials shall comply with
Section 243 of the Specifications.
2 spa. @ 12"
5
n.
2ƒ" cl. typ. AH0504 Integral backwall Surface preparation, mixing, application and curing shall begin
3-AP0401
-4" m i
accordance with Section 416 of the Specifications as applicable to
-0"
-7"
ap
Type EP-3 Epoxy-Resin. The application of sand on the wet surface
= 2'
l
Line thru center will not be required.
2'
of bearings
2'
AV0504
7
11" 11" 1'-4" 1'-3" 1'-3"
2'-3"
AV0502 AH0501
4ƒ"
6 spa. @ 7‚" = 3'-7•"
AH0501
7-AP0402
ap typ.
2 spa. @ 6‚" 3" typ.
6 spa. @ 7" = 3'-6"
= 1'-0•"
4ƒ" typ.
-4"
25
2ƒ" cl.
2'
-4"
n. l
4•" Top of trough TYPICAL SEAT/PAD REINFORCEMENT DETAIL

14 spa. @ 8" = 9'
2" typ.
F.
Mi
15-AH0502 E.
Varies Waterproofing typ.

•" wash typ.
(4" min.)
1•" typ.
12
1 DETAIL A
AV0601 2‚" cl. typ. Not to scale
n.
n.
-4" m i
-4" m i
Surface to receive
AV0503
ap
ap
3" typ.
VDOT EP-3 Epoxy
l
Geocomposite
Resin Waterproofing
wall drain G Elev. 2243.06
2'
2'
AH0503
(Full length of abutment)
3 spa. @ 8"
/ 2ƒ cl. = 2'-0"
6" o pipe underdrain. 4'-0"
typ.
Extend to surface of 6"
fill. 70-AH0505 align Constr. joint
2‚" cl. typ.
with AV0601
6-AH0501 3" 3"
12
See Detail A
3" 3" typ. Elev. 2242.73 1
Varies
3" typ.
(6" min.)
-3"
-3"
n.
n.
mi
mi
1'
1'
AF0502 AF0503 AF0505
TROUGH WATERPROOFING DETAIL 19
AF0501
Not to scale
-0"
1'-10" lap typ.

AF0609 AF0609
3'
5-AT0401
2'-2" min.
4 spa. @ 10•" = 3'-6"
typ.
12"
AF0506 AF0506
Top of drainage G
trough, Elev. A
AT0602 E.F. 7-AT0602
Top of seat/pad,
AF0608
11" 6"
dgn
Elev. D
DRAINAGE TROUGH CANTILEVER DETAIL 19
3" typ.
AF0407 typ.
999-99_007.
12 Scale: 1" = 1'-0"

AF0506
AF0504 typ. between piles 11 4

and at ext. of end piles 4-AT0602
3"
23
HP 10 x 42 typ. 6" typ. 2'-3"
Bot. of drainage
Bot. of drainage
trough, Elev. B
trough, Elev. C AT0401
6"
1'-6" 8'-8" 1'-6" 12
typ.
-3"
24
1 3 spa. @
1'
11'-8" 3" = 9"
18
5-AT0602
C 3" typ.
3"
B SECTION 4 spa. @ 6" = 2'-0"
SECTION 6 7
4 6 7
4•" typ.
See table for elevations
SECTION G-G
Scale: 1" = 1'-0"
DRAINAGE TROUGH ELEVATIONS

Girder Line Elev. A Elev. B Elev. C Elev. D
C
L Girder 1 2244.58 2242.82 2242.63 2244.33
ABUTMENTS C
L Girder 2 2244.79 2243.66 2243.47 2244.54 STRUCTURE AND BRIDGE DIVISION
C
L Girder 3 2245.00 2244.50 2244.31 2244.75
VIRGINIA ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS C
L Girder 4 2244.79 2243.66 2243.47 2244.54
21
ABUTMENT A
C
L Girder 5 2244.58 2242.82 2242.63 2244.33
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET SECTIONS AND MISC. DETAILS
All elevations are given through centerline of girder
PART 2

...........
Drawn: ................ SHEET 5 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: ƒ" = 1'-0" unless noted otherwise c 2021, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions ABC
Checked: ............
Apr. 2021 999-
FILE NO. 17.10-5
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 94 0094-038-104, B601 8

16
22
15
Notes:
12'-0" 14'-3" 14'-3" 12'-0"

See sheets 6, 7 and 9 for footing elevations.
24-AF0417 top 24-AF0417 top

3" 3" 3" 3"
23 spa. @ 6" = 11'-6" 23 spa. @ 6" = 11'-6"
1'-6" 1'-6" 1'-6" 1'-6"

9'-0" 9'-0"
C
L HP 10 x 42 piles C
L HP 10 x 42 piles
3-AF0416 bott. 16-AF0416 bott. 3-AF0416 bott. 3-AF0416 bott. 16-AF0416 bott. 3-AF0416 bott.
2 spa. @ 4•" = 9" 15 spa. @ 6" = 7'-6" 2 spa. @ 4•" = 9" 2 spa. @ 4•" = 9" 15 spa. @ 6" = 7'-6" 2 spa. @ 4•" = 9"
9" typ.
3"
3"
6"
6"
AF0513 bott. 9" 9" AF0513 bott.
-6"
-6"
AF0619
17 spa. @ 6" = 8'
17 spa. @ 6" = 8'

-0"
18-AF0518 top
-0"
18-AF0518 top
AF0615
2 spa. @ 3'
typ. each pile
2 spa. @ 3'
4" typ.
-0"
-0"
for each wingwall
-0"
-0"
= 6'
= 6'
9'
9'
C AF0513 bott.
L of Rte 94
L
3 spa. @ 6" = 1'-6"
typ. between piles
typ.
1'-10" lap 4" typ. for each wingwall
2-AF0414
4"
typ. typ. each pile
6"
6"
1'-7•" 1'-7•"
for each wingwall AF0619 AF0619
AF0513 bott. AF0513 bott.
3'-3" 3'-3"
3 spa. @ 6'-6" = 19'-6" 3 spa. @ 6'-6" = 19'-6"
-0"
-0"
3'
3'
-1"
-8"
-8"
3"
2'
20'
20'
AF0504 bott. spa. @ 10"
-2"
4•" 4•"
-6"
typ. between piles
15 eq. spa. = 11'
11-AF0506 bott.
10 spa. @ 9" = 7'
-2"
-2"
16-AF0505 top AF0504

bott.
9'
9'
ap
-8"
4" typ.
AF0504 bott.
-10" l
typ.
9"
7'
AF0608
9" typ. each pile
4•"
1'
4" typ.
4•"
90 o
2-AF0407 90o
Sta. 17+64.00
typ. each pile typ.
-6" 12"
-6"
-6"
-1"
2'
2'
2'
1'
9" typ.
3" typ.
3" typ.
C
L HP 10 x 42 piles
dgn
1'-8"
9•" typ.
999-99_008.
AF0506 bott. AF0609 Line thru center

1'-7•" 1'-7•" of bearings
7
7 spa. @ 3'-3" = 22'-9" 7 spa. @ 3'-3" = 22'-9"
70-AF0503 top
4•" 4•"
23 69 spa. @ 9" = 51'-9"
26'-3" 26'-3"
24
52'-6"
Indicates direction of batter
PILE AND FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN 8

ABUTMENTS
21
VIRGINIA ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS ABUTMENT A
FOUNDATION PLAN
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET
PART 2

...........
Drawn: ................ SHEET 6 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: …" = 1'-0" c 2019, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions ABC
Checked: ............
Apr. 2019 999-
FILE NO. 17.10-6
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 94 0094-038-104, B601 9
12'-0"
22
1'-6"
7'-6" 3'-0"
For parapet reinforcing steel spacing, see sheet 40.

Concrete railing and
terminal wall
F D Elev. 2251.56 N.F.
For parapet
3" typ.
reinforcing steel
see sheet 40 Elev. 2251.66 NF
Elev. 2251.69 FF Tooth joint
AW0401 NF and
-8"
3" typ. AW0503 FF
1'
AW0503
3-AW0409 NF
2 spa. @ 12"
-0"
10"
= 2'-0"
3'
6-AW0610 FF
3" cl. typ. Concrete end diaphragm 5
5 spa. @ 6"
= 2'-6"
6"
10-AW0502 FF and 10-AH0507 FF

Face of backwall
-0"
-0"
-0"
-0"
6 spa. @ 12" = 6'
12 spa. @ 6" = 6'
9 spa. @ 12" = 9'

9 spa. @ 12" = 9'
13-AW0608 FF
7-AW0407 NF
E E
10-AW0401 NF
Trough cantilever
AW0502
1
"
3
-3"
AWO401 1
7'
Geocomposite wall drain
6"
AW0406 E.F. 3-AH0509 NF
2 spa. @ 8"
6" dia. pipe underdrain
F = 1'-4"
AF0518 8"
es
3" typ.
Vari
AF0417 AF0911 AF0510 6" /

o pipe underdrain
6"
Top of footing 4-AH0508 NF
3"
Elev. 2239.75 3 spa. @ 8"
-3"
n.
11"
8-AW0404 NF = 2'-0"
8"
mi
-1"
AF0619
n.
1'
7 spa. @ 12" = 7'-0"
-0"
mi
2'
-3"
AF0615 15-AW0405 FF
3'
3" typ. 7•"

14 spa. @ 6" = 7'-0" 3" typ.
1'
9•" 1'-2" 5-AF0522 NF 10"
-0"
12"
10" AW0401 NF and

7'-3" 4 spa. @ 8"
AW0502 FF
3'
= 2'-8"
1'-6" 4-AF0521 NF
3" typ.
6"
AF0416 AF0414 3 spa. @ 8" = 2'-0"

12
AF0513 3-AF0520 NF
2 spa. @ 6" = 12"
4 3" AF0911 Elev. 2236.75
11 3-AF0512 EF
See Section E-E for spacing
1'-6" 1'-6" AW0401 AW0502 D
9'-0"
18-AF0510 NF and 18-AF0911 FF
AF0510 3•" 3"
17 spa. @ 6" = 8'-6"
10
SECTION D-D 1'-3" 9
A
VIEW
dgn
5 9
999-99_009.
For parapet
reinforcing steel
see sheet 40 1'-6"
23
7"
3" C
L 6" dia. pipe
24
Notes:
4"
underdrain typ. 15
-6"
AW0610 See sheet 8 for pile batter, pile spacing, and additional footing
1'
AW0409
AF0512
8"
reiforcement details.
See sheets 32 and 33 for concrete end diaphragm details.

2ƒ" cl. typ.
AH0507
9• "
AW0608 See sheets 34 and 35 for details of tooth joint.

AW0407 AW0401
AF0502
AH0502
6" = 12"
2 spa. @
AW0405
AW0404
-3"
AF0520
2'
AW0406 AH0502
AF0502
7• "

SECTION F-F
Face of backwall
21
ABUTMENTS SECTION E-E ABUTMENT A
Scale: 1" = 1'-0" WINGWALL DETAILS
PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
VDOT S&B DIVISION
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET No. Description Date Designed: ABC
...........
Date Plan
ABC
Drawn: ................ SHEET 7 of 10
Scale: •" = 1'-0" unless noted otherwise
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER c 2020, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions ABC
Checked: ............
Apr. 2020 999-
FILE NO. 17.10-7
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 94 0094-038-104, B601 33
ƒ "
22
46'-6"
23'-3" 23'-3"
ƒ" 15 Note:
3" 1"
36-ES0501 (4 each spa.), The end diaphragm shall be cast when the least thermal movement of
1'-4" typ. C
9-ES0602 and 9-ES0603 L Rte. 94 ƒ" the superstructure can be expected during the period of the the
SC series in deck slab
12-ES0501 initial set of the concrete in the backwall: for instance, (1) dusk or
8 spa. @ 11„" 6" typ. and EH0501 top and bott.
(4 each spa.) (2) during an unexpected uniformly cloudy day.
= 7'-5" typ.
2 spa. @ 8•"
= 1'-5" typ. 9" typ. A B Top of slab Forms for the end diaphragm shall be attached to the girders only;
DETAIL A the forms shall not be attached to or blocked against the abutment
Not to scale stem. The backwall and forms must be free to move in relation to
the abutment.
Concrete in end diaphragms shall achieve 100% design strength before

2-ES0501 and deck concrete is cast or construction loads are placed on the deck.
10-EH0501 EF
ƒ "
ES0602 typ.
For abutment details, see sheets 5 through 9.
2-ES0504 typ. For deck slab details, see sheets 30 and 31.
ƒ" For tooth expansion joint details, see sheet 34.
1"
1•"
3-EH0501 A B Bottom of concrete

end diaphragm
DETAIL B
Not to scale
ELEVATION 12 End of slab 5'-7" C

L transverse deck joint
Scale: …" = 1'-0"
5• "
SL04 series
10‚" 6-EH0501 top and bott.
4" Top of slab
5 spa. @ 6•" = 2'-8•" SC0501
-6"
End of slab 5'-7" L transverse deck joint
1'
2 eq. spa.
Construction joint SL04 series
3-EH0501
5• "
6"
9"
Tooth expansion joint 10‚" 6-EH0501 top and bott.
4" SC0501 Top of slab
5 spa. @ 6•" = 2'-8•"
ES0504 both
/ stud shear connectors

sides of web
-6"
-0"
=6"
Construction joint ES0501 both
w eb
1'
4 spa. @ 12" = 4'

sides of web
9 spa. @ 6" = 4'

2 eq. spa.
10-EH0501 EF
3-EH0501
-0"
6"
of
3'
ES0603 2‚" cl.
3
-
2
ap
E
de
H
e
n. l
0
each si
2‚" cl.
-3"
5
.
0
1
s
4'
-0" m i
p
a
.
Detail A
ES0501
dgn
=6"
2'
5-‡ " o
ES0602
2‚" cl.
999-99_033.
9 spa. @ 6" = 4'

2‚" cl.
10-EH0501 EF
End of girder
3
Bearing
-
2
stiffener ES0501 both

H
ap
e
sides of web
q
ES0504 both sides of web

5
n. l
.
0
1
s
23
p
a
-0" m i
3…"
.
24
2'
ES0602
2‚" cl. Face of backwall

1'-3"
Line thru center of bearings
embedment EH0501
End of girder
ES0501
Face of backwall
17
Abutment
Detail B
3…"
SECTION B-B 13
17
ƒ" open joint 1'-3"
Line thru center of bearings COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
embedment
1'-10"
Abutment
EH0501 STRUCTURE AND BRIDGE DIVISION
14 ABUTMENTS
21 5
VIRGINIA ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS DECK SLAB DETAILS
SECTION A-A 13 CONCRETE END DIAPHRAGM
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET
PART 2

...........
Drawn: ................ SHEET 8 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: 1" = 1'-0" unless otherwise noted c 2019, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions ABC
Checked: ............
Apr. 2019 999-
FILE NO. 17.10-8
Show full PLAN and ELEVATION view of abutment complete with dimensions at a
1
preferred scale of 3/8” = 1’-0” but no smaller than 1/4” = 1’-0”.
2 The dimensioning (layout) of the abutment on the PLAN view shall be referenced to the
L or BL and line thru center of bearings.
intersection (tie point) of the route C
Show SECTION (typical) view through abutment complete with dimensions at a scale of
4 1
5 The details for the integral backwall shall be shown on the Deck Plan detail sheet(s).
Line thru center of bearings shall be used as the reference line for layout of abutments.
7
8 Show full PILE AND FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN for abutment footings on pile
complete with dimensions showing the pile layout as well as the size and spacing of
reinforcing steel at a scale of 3/8” = 1’-0” but no smaller than 1/4” = 1’-0”. For abutments on
spread footings show full FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN complete with dimensions
as well as the size and spacing of reinforcing steel at a scale of 3/8” = 1’-0” but no smaller
than 1/4” = 1’-0”.
9 Show elevation VIEW of abutment wingwall complete with dimensions as well as the size
and spacing of reinforcing steel at a scale of 3/8” = 1’-0” but no smaller than 1/4” = 1’-0”.
See File Nos. 17.03-6 and -7.
10 Show SECTION (typical) view through abutment wingwall complete with dimensions at a
scale of 1/2” = 1’-0” unless scale is insufficient to show adequate details.
11 Show pile type used along with the required batter for toe piles.
The approach slab seat (7”) shall be provided regardless of whether the bridge will have an
12
approach slab. The seat elevation shown is for the case without an approach slab. If an
approach slab is used, seat elevation will be lower to accommodate a buried approach
slab.
Show SECTION view at a preferred scale of 3/8” = 1’-0” but no smaller than 1/4” = 1’-0” with
13
typical sections cut between beams/girders and at end of beam/girder at a preferred scale
of 3/4” = 1’-0” but no smaller than 1/2” = 1’-0”. Coordinate the sections to provide the
necessary details with repetition only where required.
The minimum width of the concrete end diaphragm shall be 1’-7” for steel stringers and
14
1’-10” for concrete stringers. Clipping flanges is preferable to increases in thickness
where required due to skew.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
and -2.
17 The minimum embedment into the concrete end diaphragm shall be 12” for steel stringers
and 1’-3” for concrete stringers.
Show SECTION view through drainage trough showing the trough top and bottom
18
elevations at C
L of beams/girders.
19 Show miscellaneous details, e.g., THROUGH WATERPROOFING and DRAINAGE

THROUGH CANTILEVER DETAILS.
20 Include standard sheet(s) in the plan assembly for appropriate joint type with minor
modifications as necessary for use with Virginia Abutments. For specific requirements
and guidelines for completing those standard detail sheets, refer to the Notes to Designer
for the particular standard contained in Part 3 of this manual.
For instructions on developing the CADD sheet number, see File Nos. 01.01-6 and
23
01.14-4.
For instructions on completing the block for sealing, signing and dating this sheet, see File
24
Nos. 01.16-1 thru -5.
25 Where seat reinforcement is required per File No. 17.03-4, provide typical detail. Space
bars to miss anchor bolts and anchor bolt sleeve.
Where architectural treatment(s) is used, provide limits of architectural texture, coping

27
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 30Apr2020
completion of a plan assembly for a typical conventional abutment substructure. Additional
practices and requirements necessary for the detailing of conventional abutments can be found in
Section 17.03 of this chapter. Included are sample plan detail sheets with checklist for
completing the bridge plan assembly.
It is not the intent of the sample plan detail sheets contained in this section to show practices and
requirements for the design of the abutment substructure of a bridge. The plan detail sheets
shown in this section are intended only to provide the designer with the necessary detail
requirements for a complete bridge plan assembly.
Information placed in blocks is for designer information only and is not to be placed on the
abutment detail sheets.
For location of the abutment detail sheets in the bridge plan assembly, see File No. 01.02-4.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
CONVENTIONAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS SHEET 1 of 10
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
12'-0" 12'-0" ROUTE PROJECT ROUTE PROJECT NO.
2'-8" 2'-8" VA. 11 0011-044-283, B611 3

1'-8" 1'-8"
12" 12" 12" 12"
14 B 17
Notes: 12
-3"
7'
For pile and footing reinforcing plan, see sheet 4.
For wingwall details and view B-B, see sheet 5.
6" /
o pipe 6" /
o pipe For anchor bolt sleeve details, see bearing details on sheet 10.
underdrain Rte. 11 Const.C
L underdrain
-11"
-11"
For details of parapet, see sheet 17.
Do not backfill above Elevation 17.91 until superstructure is in
10'
10'
13
n.
n.
place.
2% m i
2% m i
Face of wingwall
19'-4" 19'-4" Face of backwall
-2"
Face of wingwall 12" 12" 12" 2'-5"
3• "
2'-6" 4'-8" 7"
17'
AH0401
2'-0" 2'-0"
-7"
-8"
16-AW0601 16-AW0601
-8"
8"
4• "
1'
22
1'
AH0401
4'
-0"
-0"
12"
Sta. 108+32.00
2'
2'
7"
o
90
4-AS0402
3• "
-8"
-0"
9"
10'
Face of backwall
2'
AV0401
o
90 typ.
12" 12"
-0"
Line thru center
Face of backwall
of bearings
2'
6
-5"
3ƒ "
AH0403
3ƒ "
4'
-5"
1'-3" typ. 2
-5"
n.
3-AS0401 Line thru center C
2'
3" typ. L girders
mi
of bearings Anchor bolt
1'
2 spa. @ 12" 6 sleeve
= 2'-0"
B
9ƒ" 9"
7•"
TYPICAL SEAT Geocomposite wall drain
2 spa. @ 9'-0" = 18'-0" 2 spa. @ 9'-0" = 18'-0"
REINFORCEMENT DETAIL
12" 21'-0" 21'-0" 12"
Scale: ƒ" = 1'-0"
2ƒ" cl. typ.
22'-0" 22'-0"
AH0401
1 AV0603
Line thru center of bearings
PLAN AS0401
12"
Face of backwall
21'-0" Weephole formed with
6" /
o hole centered on the
weephole shall be cut in the 6" /
o non-rigid tubing,
plastic portion of the wall cover the wall drain end
12"
2'-9•" 39-AV0401 NF, 39-AV0603 FF and 39-AF0805 FF drain to connect it with with 4-mesh screen
the weephole
ap
38 spa. @ 11•" = 36'-5"
Lowest point
-5"
n. l
n.
15 feasible for free
ap
mi
1'
Anchor bolt drainage away
l
-8" m i
9" 9" C
sleeve typ. Elev. 27.51 Rte. 11 Const.
L Elev. 27.91 AH0401 EF Elev. 27.51 from abutment
A 2
4" typ.
3•" typ. 12
1'-3" 1'-3" 8"
3'
AF0602
Cgirder AF0406
L
dgn
4" typ.
9
b999-99_003.
TYPICAL ANCHOR
n.
12"
mi
-0"
-10"
n.
BOLT LAYOUT
4-AH0401
3 spa. @
4-AS0402 3•" typ.
mi
2-AF0602 AF0805
12" = 3'
AF0603
-0"
1'
Scale: ƒ" = 1'-0" 4-AS0402 4-AS0402
NF
Elev. 21.66
3'
4-AS0402 7
-0"
-0"
18 1/2" wash 4-AS0402

16-AWO601 FF typ.
Elev. 22.03 Elev. 21.85 Elev. 21.66
12"
Elev. 21.85 typ. 4" typ. AF0604
15 spa. @ 12" =15'
4-AH0402
15 spa. @ 12" = 15'
16-AHO401 FF
19 AF0603
AF0401
1" min. typ. 4-AH0403 4-AH0402 AF0603
AF0602 12 12
11 spa. @ 12"
12-AH0401 NF
7 4 7 4
-0"
3'-5" 41-ASO401 NF C
9'-0" typ. L HP10X42
= 11'
7 1'-3" 1'-3"
3 2" clr. typ. 5'-8" 2'-6"
2 spa. @ 12"
= 2'-0" typ.
10'-8"
-6"
3'-5"
typ.
AS0403 EF typ. 7 spa. @ 12"

6" typ.
2'
= 7'-0" typ. Top of footing

Elev. 9.86 4 SECTION A-A
Scale: •" = 1'-0"
3"
3"
3"
12" typ. 9" typ.

3" 41-AF0406 N.F. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
A Elev. 6.86
1
ABUTMENTS ELEVATION 16
ABUTMENT A
CONVENTIONAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS
PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
VDOT S&B DIVISION
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - STEEL PILES No. Description Date Designed: ABC
...........
Date Plan
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 3 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Scale: …" = 1'-0" unless noted otherwise c 2021, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Oct. 2021 999-
FILE NO. 17.11-3
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 11 0011-044-283, B611 4
17
12'-0"
1'-3" 1'-3" 12
Notes:
15 7'-0" 2'-6"
1'-7" 1'-3"1'-3" 3 spa. @ 1'-11" 1'-6"
4" 4" The one required test pile and PDA are required to be done prior
= 5'-9" C
LHP 10 x 42 piles
to driving any other permanent piling for the bridge.
AF0613 typ. AF0613 bott.
4" typ. 2-AF0401 typ.
2-AF0401 typ. Any vertical pile may be used as the test pile.
-3"
6" typ.
1'
4-AF0613 - bott.
3 eq. spa. = 1'-5"
-0"
-10"
typ. between piles.
-8"
20 spa. @ 6" = 10'
-5" = 9'
21-AF0814 top
4'
-11"
10'
AF0611
C
4 spa. @ 2'
AF0611 top and AF0810 bott. Rte. 11 Const.L
AF0611 top
AF0812 bott.
10'-0"
-2"
18'
2-AF0401 typ.
4"
o
90 typ.
AF0604
-6"
1' -6"
AF0609
-11"
-2" 3 spa. @ 1'
C
-3"
L HP 10 x 42 piles
-6"
-8"
7'
6'
= 4'
5'
AF0609 top AF0602
-8"
and bott.
Line thru center
10'
of bearings
AF0608 2 6
90 o 90 o
1'
-4"
-6"
2-AF0401 typ.
4"
1'
2'
Sta. 108+32.00
-5"
-5"
-6"
3'
3'
-3"
1'
1'
4"
AF0603 AF0603 top and bott.
6" typ.
4-AF0602 bott.
4" typ.
3 eq. spa. = 1'-7"
typ. between piles.
43-AF0602 top 1'-4"
8 spa. @ 2'-7" = 20'-8"
42 spa. @ 6" = 21'-0"
3"
Indicates direction of batter

22'-0" Symm. about this line
5
dgn

b99999004.
19
18

ABUTMENTS
CONVENTIONAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS ABUTMENT A - FOOTING
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET-STEEL PILES 16 AND DETAILS
PART 2

...........
Drawn: ................ SHEET 4 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Scale: …" = 1'-0" unless noted otherwise c 2019, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions ABC
Checked: ............
Apr. 2019 999-
FILE NO. 17.11-4
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 11 0011-044-283, B611 5
17
12
C D Notes:
For details of footing, see sheet 4.

Face of backwall 17'-2" 7'-3" For details of parapet, see sheet 17.
8-AW0410 NF
3" 34-AWO603 FF - 33 spa. @ 6" = 16'-6" 3"
7 spa. @ 12" = 7'-0"
12" 1'-8" 12"
8'-4"
15-AW0409 @ FF
17-AW0402 NF and 17-AW0508 FF - 16 spa. @ 12" = 16'-0"
14 spa. @ 6" = 7'-0"
For parapet reinforcing steel, see sheet 17.
Parapet reinforcing
AW0405 NF AW0414 NF Elev. 27.02
Elev. 27.47 3"
AW0607 FF AW0615 FF
-8"
1'
AW0607
12"
3"
-0"
-9"
n.
3'
mi
AW0508
1'
12"
Subgrade AW0607 2ƒ" cl.
4-AW0405 NF and
4-AW0607 FF
3 spa. @ 12" = 3'-0" AW0405
12"
-3"
AW0606
7'
3"
7-AW0411 NF and
7-AW0612 FF
6 spa. @ 12" = 6'-0" AW0413 EF
12-AW0404 NF and 12-AW0606 FF
D
AW0603
-0"
11 spa. @ 12" = 11'
AW0404
AS0401 NF 2ƒ" cl.
AV0402 NF 7'-3" AW0402
6" /
o pipe underdrain
n.
-5"
ap
mi
1'
l
ap
-9"
n. l
2'
AF0406
AF0814
mi
es
Vari
AF0613
1'-8" 4" typ.

3" AF0812
Top of footing
n.
12"
Elev. 9.86
-3"
n.
mi
mi
1'
AF0607
-0"
dgn
AF0406 NF 3" AF0406 NF AF0810

b99999005.
3'
AF0607 FF
AF0609
12"
17-AF0406 NF - 16 spa. @ 12" = 16'-0"
6" 7
33-AF0607 FF - 32 spa. @ 6" = 16'-0" Parapet reinforcing
2 spa. @ 12" = 2'-0"
19
4" typ. 12 12
18
Elev. 6.86 4 4
AW0414 AF0401 7
AW0615
C AF0611
7
7 C
L HP10X42
10 1'-3" 1'-3"
Subgrade 7'-0" 2'-6"
VIEW B-B 2ƒ" cl. typ.
12'-0"
AW0612 AW0411
11
AW0409 SECTION C-C
AW0410

AW0413
ABUTMENTS SECTION D-D
16
ABUTMENT A - WING DETAILS
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - STEEL PILES
PART 2

...........
Drawn: ................ SHEET 5 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: •" = 1'-0" c 2019, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Apr. 2019 999-
FILE NO. 17.11-5
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
12'-0" 12'-0" ROUTE PROJECT ROUTE PROJECT NO.
2'-8" 2'-8" VA. 11 0011-044-283, B611 3

1'-8" 1'-8"
12" 12" 12" 12"
15 B 17
-3"
Notes: 12
7'
For footing details, see sheet 4.
For wingwall details, see sheet 5.
6" /
o pipe 6" /
o pipe For anchor bolt sleeve details, see braring details on sheet 10.
underdrain Rte. 11 Const.C
L underdrain
-11"
-11"
For details of parapet, see sheet 17.
Do not backfill above Elevation 17.91 until superstructure is in
10'
10'
13
n.
n.
place.
2% m i
2% m i
Face of wingwall
19'-4" 19'-4" Face of backwall
Face of wingwall
-2"
2'-6" 12" 12" 12" 2'-5"
4'-8" 7"
3• "
17'
2'-0" 2'-0"
-7"
-8"
4• "
1'
16-AW0601 16-AW0601
-8"
8"
AH0401 AH0401
22
1'
4'
-0"
-0"
Sta. 108+32.00
2'
2'
7"
o
4-AS0402
90
3• "
-0"
-8"
9"
Face of backwall
2'
10'
3
12"
3 o
AV0401
3 3 3 90 typ. 6
12" 12"
Line thru center
-0"
Face of backwall of bearings
2'
3ƒ "
-5"
AH0403
3ƒ "
4'
-5"
3-AS0401 1'-3" typ. 2
-5"
Line thru center
n.
3" typ. C
2'
of bearings L girders
mi
2 spa. @ 12" Anchor bolt
1'
6 sleeve
= 2'-0"
B
9ƒ" 9"
7•"
TYPICAL SEAT Geocomposite wall drain
2 spa. @ 9'-0" = 18'-0" 2 spa. @ 9'-0" = 18'-0"
REINFORCEMENT DETAIL 2ƒ" cl. typ.
12" 21'-0" 21'-0" 12"
Scale: ƒ" = 1'-0"
AH0401
22'-0" 22'-0"
PLAN 1
Line thru center of bearings AS0401
AV0603
12"
Face of backwall
6" /
o hole centered on the Weephole formed with
12"
21'-0" weephole shall be cut in the 6" /

o non-rigid tubing,
plastic portion of the wall cover the wall drain end
2'-9•" 39-AV0401 NF, 39-AV0603 FF and 39-AF0802 FF drain to connect it with with 4-mesh screen
the weephole
38 spa. @ 11•" = 36'-5"
ap
Lowest point
n.
-5"
Anchor bolt
n. l
ap
9" 9" feasible for free
mi
sleeve typ.
l
1'
drainage away
C
-8" m i
1'-3" 1'-3" Elev. 27.51 Rte. 11 Const.L Elev. 27.91 AH0401 EF Elev. 27.51 from abutment
4" typ.
3•" typ. A 2
8" 12
C
Lgirder AF0603
3'
AF0401
3•" typ.
9
4" typ. AF0604
TYPICAL ANCHOR
dgn
b99999003.
n.
BOLT LAYOUT
12"
mi
-10"
-0"
n.
4-AHO401
Scale: ƒ" = 1'-0"
3 spa. @
4-AS0402
mi
12" = 3'
-0"
AF0802
1'
4-AS0402
NF
4-AS0402
4-AS0402
3'
-0"
16-AWO601 FF typ.
18 Elev. 21.66 •" wash typ. 4-AS0402

-0"
Elev. 21.85 Elev. 22.03 Elev. 21.85 Elev. 21.66

15 spa. @ 12" =15'
4-AH0402 4" typ.

15 spa. @ 12" = 15'
16-AHO401 FF
19
AF0603 AF0604
1" min. typ. 4-AH0403 4-AH0402
11 spa. @ 12"
12-AHO401 NF
10'-8"
41-ASO401 NF 4
3'-5"
-0"
9'-0" typ.
SECTION A-A
3
= 11'
2" clr. typ. 2 spa. @ 12" Scale: •" = 1'-0"
= 2'-0" typ.
AS0403 EF typ.
-6"
typ.
6" typ. 7 spa. @ 12" 3'-5"

2'
3" typ. = 7'-0" typ.

Top of footing
Elev. 9.86
3"
3"
3" 3"
3"
12" typ. 9" typ.

3" 41-AF0401 NF DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
1 A Elev. 6.86
ABUTMENTS ELEVATION 16
ABUTMENT A
PART 2
VDOT S&B DIVISION

ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - SPREAD FOOTING No. Description Date Designed: ABC
...........
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 6 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: …" = 1'-0" unless noted otherwise c 2021, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Oct. 2021 999-
FILE NO. 17.11-6
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 11 0011-044-283, B611 4
17
15
12'-0"
4" 8" 4"
22-AF0807 top and 22-AFO608 bott.
-6"
21 spa. @ 6" = 10'
-11"
13-AF0606 top and bott.
10'
12 spa. @ 11" = 11'-0"
C
Rte. 11 Const. L
10'-0'
-2"
18'
90 o
4"
11-AF0603 top and bott.

-0"
10 spa. @ 12" = 10'
6
Line thru center

90 o 90 o of bearings 90 o
AF0605 top and bott. 2 Sta. 108+32.00

-5"
3'
4"
12" 32-AF0604 top - 31 spa. @ 8" = 20'-8"
4"
63-AF0604 bott. - 62 spa. @ 4" = 20'-8"
22'-0" Symm. about this line
FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN

dgn
b99999004.
19
18

ABUTMENTS
CONVENTIONAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS ABUTMENT A - FOOTING
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - SPREAD FOOTING 16 AND DETAILS
PART 2

...........
VDOT S&B DIVISION 8
DEF
Drawn: ................ SHEET 7 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: …" = 1'-0" c 2019, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Apr. 2019 999-
FILE NO. 17.11-7
FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
VA. 11 0011-044-283, B611 5
18
12
Notes:
C D For details of footing, see sheet 4. For details of parapet, see

sheet 17.
Face of backwall 17'-2" 7'-3"
8-AW0410 NF
3" 34-AWO603 FF - 33 spa. @ 6" = 16'-6" 3"
7 spa. @ 12" = 7'-0"
15-AW0409 FF
17-AW0402 NF and 17-AW0508 FF - 16 spa. @ 12" = 16'-0" 12" 1'-8" 12"
14 spa. @ 6" = 7'-0"
8'-4"
For parapet reinforcing steel, see sheet 17.
AW0405 NF AW0414 NF Elev. 27.02

Elev. 27.47 3"
AW0607 FF AW0615 FF Parapet reinforcing
12"
-8"
1'
3"
-0"
AW0607
3'
-9"
n.
mi
12"
1'
AW0508
4-AW0405 NF and
Subgrade
4-AW0607 FF
3 spa. @ 12" = 3'-0"
AW0607
AW0405
12"
-3"
7'
3"
7-AW0411 NF and AW0606
7-AW0612 FF
AW0413 EF
6 spa. @ 12" = 6'-0"
12-AW0404 NF and 12-AW0606 FF
D
-0"
AW0603
11 spa. @ 12" = 11'
AS0401 NF
AW0404
2ƒ" cl. typ.
AV0402 NF 7'-3"
AW0402
6" /
o pipe underdrain
-5"
ap
n.
-9"
ap
n. l
mi
1'
l
2'
mi
es
AF0401
AF0807
Vari
Top of footing
Elev. 9.86 AF0606
3"
1'-8" 4"
4" typ.
dgn
n.
b99999005.
-3"
n.
12"
mi
mi
3"
1'
AF0401 NF AF0401 NF
AF0609
-0"
AF0609 FF
3'
17-AF0401 NF - 16 spa. @ 12" = 16'-0"
6"
20 33-AF0609 FF - 32 spa. @ 6" = 16'-0" AF0605
Parapet reinforcing
19 2 spa. @ 12" = 2'-0"
Elev. 6.86 4"

AF0606 AF0608
AW0414
C AW0615
12'-0"
10
VIEW B-B 11
Subgrade
2ƒ" cl. typ.
SECTION C-C
AW0612 AW0411
AW0409
AW0410
AW0413
17
ABUTMENTS
SECTION D-D ABUTMENT A - WING DETAILS
PART 2
ABUTMENT DETAILS SHEET - SPREAD FOOTING Date Plan DATE: 30Apr2019
...........
Drawn: ................ SHEET 8 of 10
RICHMOND, VA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Scale: •" = 1'-0" c 2019, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions GHI
Checked: ............
Apr. 2019 999-
FILE NO. 17.11-8
1 Show full PLAN and ELEVATION view of abutment complete with dimensions at a scale of
3
/8” = 1’-0” but no smaller than 1/4” = 1’-0”.
The dimensioning (layout) of the abutment on the PLAN view shall be referenced to the
2
intersection (tie point) of the route CL or BL and line thru center of bearings.
3 Show utility blockout locations and details for all utility line(s) and weepholes passing
through the abutment backwall/stem on the PLAN and ELEVATION view. For utility
blockout details, see File Nos. 17.03-18 and -19. For weephole blockout, details see File
No. 17.12-6.
4 Show SECTION (typical) view through abutment complete with dimensions at a scale of
1
5 Show full PILE AND FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN for abutment footings on piles
complete with dimensions showing the pile layout as well as the size and spacing of
reinforcing steel at a scale of 3/8” = 1’-0” but no smaller than 1/4” = 1’-0”. If the plan
becomes too cluttered, a separate PILE PLAN as shown in File No. 17.03-17 may be used.
Indicate on plan view the direction of pile batter for toe piles. For general requirements for
detailing a typical abutment footing on piles, see File Nos. 17.03-13 thru -16.
6 The dimensioning (layout) of piles shall be referenced to the intersection (tie point) of the
route CL or BL and line thru center of bearings.
7 Show pile type used along with the required batter for toe piles. See File No. 17.03-13 for
required pile embedments, edge distances and batters for toe piles.
8 Show full FOOTING REINFORCEMENT PLAN for abutments on spread footings complete
with dimensions as well as the size and spacing of reinforcing steel at a scale of
3
/8” = 1’-0” but no smaller than 1/4” = 1’-0”. For general requirements for detailing a typical
abutment on a spread footing, see File No. 17.03-11 and -12.
9 Show TYPICAL ANCHOR BOLT LAYOUT. The dimensioning (layout) of anchor bolts
shall be referenced to the intersection of beam/girder CL and CL of bearings or line through
centers of bearings. The anchor bolt layout shown is for a 0º degree skew. For skews
greater than 0° degrees, see File No. 17.03-5 for layout of anchor bolts.
10 Show elevation VIEW of abutment wingwall complete with dimensions as well as the size
and spacing of reinforcing steel at a scale of 3/8” = 1’-0” but no smaller than
1
/4” = 1’-0”. See File Nos. 17.03-6 and -9.
11 Show SECTION (typical) view through abutment wingwall complete with dimensions at a
scale of 1/2” = 1’-0” unless scale is insufficient to show details.
and -2.
13 Add note when abutment is not stable without superstructure being in place. See File No.
17.02-2.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
15 Parapets/railings on the ELEVATION view shall be shown with phantom lines.
18 For instructions on developing the CADD sheet number, see File Nos. 01.01-6 and
01.14-4.
19 For instructions on completing the block for sealing, signing and dating plan assembly
sheets, see File Nos. 01.16-1 thru -5.
20 Provide the appropriate geotechnical design data in tabular format if not combined with
pier data and provided near front of the plan assembly. For additional information, see File
No. 17.02-3. The plan set for these sample sheets combined the design data near the
front of the plan assembly (i.e., not shown on these sample sheets). See sample pier
sheets and accompanying notes in File Nos. 15.03-1 thru -12 for examples of data tables
on sheets.

22 The approach slab seat (7”) shall be provided regardless of whether the bridge will have an
approach slab. The seat elevation shown is for the case without an approach slab. If an
approach slab is used, seat elevation will be lower to accommodate a buried approach
slab.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
This section establishes the practices and requirements regarding the detailing of the abutment
drainage system.
This section contains specific requirements for the detailing of abutment drainage. It is not the
intent of these requirements and guidelines to supersede the requirements contained in Chapter
1 of this manual but to convey necessary information to the designer for the detailing the
abutment drainage system.
All abutments on rock foundations and all U-back wing abutments regardless of height shall be
drained.
Geocomposite wall drains shall conform to the requirements set forth in Section 245.03(f) of the
Road and Bridge Specifications. Geocomposite wall drains shall be included as bid item in the
Estimated Quantities table shown on the plans.
Pipe underdrain shall conform to the requirements set forth in Section 232.02 of the Road and
Bridge Specifications. Pipe underdrain shall be included as bid item in the Estimated Quantities
table shown on the plans.
Weepholes when required, shall be spaced approximately 10’-0” on centers.
For select backfill used behind all abutments, see Section 17.13.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 06Feb2012
ABUTMENT DRAINAGE SHEET 1 of 8
BRIDGES OVER HIGHWAYS OR RAILROADS:
For full integral abutments:
SECTION THROUGH ABUTMENT
For semi-integral abutments:
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
BRIDGES OVER HIGHWAYS OR RAILROADS FILE NO. 17.12-2
BRIDGES OVER HIGHWAYS OR RAILROADS (Cont’d):
For conventional abutment with deck slab extension:
For conventional shelf/cantilever abutments:
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
BRIDGES OVER HIGHWAYS OR RAILROADS FILE NO. 17.12-3
BRIDGES OVER STREAMS:
For full integral abutments:
For semi-integral abutments:
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
BRIDGES OVER STREAMS FILE NO. 17.12-4
BRIDGES OVER STREAMS (cont’d):
For conventional abutment with deck slab extension:
For conventional shelf/cantilever abutments:
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
BRIDGES OVER STREAMS – WEEPHOLE BLOCKOUTS FILE NO. 17.12-5
BRIDGES OVER STREAMS (cont’d):
Weephole blockouts shall be reinforced with #4 bars on each face of abutment as shown below.
WEEPHOLE BLOCKOUT DETAILS FOR ABUTMENT ELEVATION
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
BRIDGES OVER STREAMS – WEEPHOLE BLOCKOUTS FILE NO. 17.12-6
ABUTMENT DRAINAGE FOR DECK SLAB EXTENSIONS:
The details shown below apply only to abutments with deck slab extensions when buried
approach slabs are required.
PARTIAL PLAN – PVC PERFORATED PIPE UNDERDRAIN

FOR BURIED APPROACH SLABS
SECTION A-A
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
ABUTMENT DRAIN DETAILS - DECK SLAB EXTENSIONS FILE NO. 17.12-7
PIPE UNDERDRAIN END DETAIL
The galvanized mesh hardware cloth shall be minimum 17 ga. Crimp around outlet end and
secure with galvanized steel wire. Cost of hardware cloth shall be included in the bid price for 6”
diameter pipe underdrain.
PLAN NOTES FOR DECK SLAB EXTENSIONS WITH BURIED APPROACH SLABS:
When buried approach slabs are used with deck slab extensions, the following notes shall be
added to the detail plan sheet:
PVC perforated pipe underdrain shall conform to the requirements of Section 232 of
the VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications.
The pipe underdrain shall follow the cross slope of the roadway over the approach
slab. The pipe underdrain shall extend to 12" past the edge of the side slope and be
located to provide free drainage away from the structure. The slope towards the side
slopes shall be no less than two percent (2%). No. 57, 78 or 8 stone shall be placed
around the pipe underdrain and wrapped in a geotextile as detailed and as directed by
the Engineer. The stone shall extend 12” inches off the end of the deck extension over
the buried approach slab and then 18" off the end of deck extension to the outside
edge of wings.
The cost of perforated pipe underdrain, No. 57, 78 or 8 stone and geotextile shall be
included in the cost of concrete for the approach slab. The bid price shall include all
costs for labor, tools, materials, equipment, and incidentals required for the
satisfactory completion of the work shown on the plans.
PLAN NOTES FOR DECK SLAB EXTENSIONS WITHOUT APPROACH SLABS:
When approach slabs are not used with deck slab extensions, the following note shall be added
to the detail plan sheet:
The cost of No. 57, 78 or 8 stone and geotextile shall be included in the cost of
geocomposite wall drain. The bid price shall include all costs for labor, tools,
materials, equipment, and incidentals required for the satisfactory completion of the
work shown on the plans.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 17Aug2016
ABUTMENT DRAIN DETAILS - DECK SLAB EXTENSIONS FILE NO. 17.12-8
This section establishes the requirements for select backfill material which shall be used behind
all abutments.
All backfill materials should be granular, free-draining materials. Where walls retain in-situ
cohesive soils, drainage shall be provided to reduce hydrostatic water pressure behind the wall.
In cut situations, material removed with strength characteristics equal to or greater than the select
backfill material may be used in lieu of select backfill material specified herein.
Structural excavation/backfilling shall conform to the requirements set forth in Section 401 of the
Road and Bridge Specifications.
Quantities for select backfill material and structure excavation shall be entered in the Estimated
Quantities table in the plans.
For abutment drainage, see File Nos. 17.12.
LIMITS OF SELECT BACKFILL MATERIAL DETAIL:
Definitions (L, B, E and D are parallel to the bridge C/L):

L = Length of approach slab
H = Average height of abutment
B (semi / full-integral abutments) = Distance from end of slab to back of footing

B (deck ext. / VA and Conv. abut.) = Distance from back of backwall to back of footing
A (w/out approach slab) = Depth below top of pavement to top of subgrade (see road
plans for depth of pavement structure in order to locate top of subgrade)
A (with approach slab) = Depth of approach slab, i.e. 1’-3”
E = 1.5(H – A – F) for 11/2”: 1 approach slopes

= 2.0(H – A – F) for 2: 1 approach slopes
F (buried approach slab only) = Depth below top of pavement to top of approach
slab
D(w/o approach slab) = 1’-6” for abutment foundation on rock

= 10’-0” for abutment foundation on soil or piles
D(w/ approach slab) shall be the larger of the following:
a) 1’-6” for abutment foundation on rock

10’-0” for abutment foundation on soil or piles
b) L + 7.5 - 1.5(H – A – F) for 11/2”: 1 approach embankment slope (ft)

L + 10 - B - 2(H – A – F) for 2: 1 approach embankment slope (ft)
The limits of select backfill placement shown in this section may be modified to meet specific or
special project geometrics with the approval of the District Materials Engineer and the Central
Office Structure and Bridge Division Geotechnical Program Manager.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
SELECT BACKFILL MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS SHEET 1 of 11
A detail indicating the limits of the select backfill material with notes shall be included on the
abutment plan detail sheets of the bridge plan assembly. For notes, see File No. 17.13-8.
SECTION THROUGH ABUTMENT - FILL SECTION

Abutment drainage not shown
SECTION THROUGH ABUTMENT - CUT SECTION

WITH APPROACH SLAB
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT FILE NO. 17.13-2

WITHOUT APPROACH SLAB
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT FILE NO. 17.13-3
SECTION THROUGH ABUTMENT W/ APPROACH SLAB - FILL SECTION
SECTION THROUGH ABUTMENT W/ APPROACH SLAB - CUT SECTION

WITH APPROACH SLAB
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT FILE NO. 17.13-4

ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT FILE NO. 17.13-5
SECTION THROUGH ABUTMENT W/ APPROACH SLAB- FILL SECTION
SECTION THROUGH ABUTMENT W/ APPROACH SLAB - CUT SECTION

WITH APPROACH SLAB

Deck slab extension shown. Modify backwall if using Virginia abutment or conventional abutment
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
DECK SLAB EXT. / VA / CONVENTIONAL ABUTMENTS FILE NO. 17.13-6


Deck slab extension shown. Modify backwall if using Virginia abutment or conventional abutment
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
DECK SLAB EXT. / VA / CONVENTIONAL ABUTMENTS FILE NO. 17.13-7
S&B STANDARD CELL DETAIL:
Standard cells (SBC1 thru SBC6, and SBF1 thru SBF6) for the details on previous sheets are
available in the bdetails1.cell library. See Chapter 1 for cell library. Modify cell as needed.
Delete piles and approach slab if not used and add the dimensions A, B, D, E, F, H and L.
Dimension L is shown only when there is an approach slab. Dimension F is only shown when
there is a buried approach slab.
The following notes from cell SBN1 are to be placed in the upper right hand corner of the plan
sheet:
Material in the abutment select backfill zone shall be compacted in accordance with Sections
303 and 305 of the VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications.
In cut situations, material with strength characteristics greater than the select backfill may be
left in place.
The final depth A of the embankment side slopes shall be regular embankment material
placed and finished as required.
The estimated quantity given for the abutment select backfill zone has been reduced by the
estimated quantity of MSE wall backfill in the zone. ((Note to be used when MSE walls
compose all or part of the abutment.))
At the Contractor’s option and at no additional cost to the Department, the MSE wall backfill
may be used for the entire abutment select backfill zone in lieu of Select Material Type 1,
minimum CBR 30 excluding #10 screenings, which may not be used in the abutment select
backfill zone. If the MSE wall backfill is #8 or coarser, a separator fabric shall be used
between the MSE wall backfill and roadway subgrade, and between the select backfill and
the approach roadway cut or fill. The separator fabric shall be needle-punched, non-woven
geotextile in accordance with Section 245.03 (d)2 of the Specifications or in accordance with
the Special Provision located in VDOT’s Manual of the Structure and Bridge Division, Part 2,
File No. 17.13-11 at no additional cost when utilizing this option. ((Note to be used when
MSE walls compose all or part of the abutment.))
Information in double parentheses is for designer information only and shall not be placed on the
plan sheet.
DESIGN AND ESTIMATED QUANTITIES:
The bid item for select backfill shall be “Select Backfill (Abutment Zone)”, measured in tons.
Quantities for structure excavation shall include existing material that must be removed for
replacement with select backfill.
For design and estimating quantities, the following shall be used:
Unit weight of in-place Select Material Type I: 145 pcf; Soil friction angle (ø): 38°
Friction angle for dissimilar materials/wall friction (δ): 25º
Equivalent fluid pressure: Vertical pressure (Pv) = 14 psf; Horiz. pressure (Ph) = 29 psf
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
CELL DETAILS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATED QUANTITIES FILE NO. 17.13-8
For the purpose of computing estimated quantities, the following diagrams may be used:
For each diagram, the letter “W” represents the width of the abutment. See File No. 17.13 -1 for
explanation of the remaining letter designations. Where expanded polystyrene (EPS) is used
behind full integral or semi-integral abutments, the calculated volume of select backfill shall be
reduced by the estimated volume of the EPS material in the zone.
 When elephant ear wings are utilitized:
VIEW
 When U-back wings are utilitized:
VIEW
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
ESTIMATED QUANTITIES FILE NO. 17.13-9
 When MSE walls are utilitized as U-back wings:
VIEW
When MSE walls are used as U-back wings, the calculated volume of select backfill shall be
reduced by the estimated volume of the MSE wall backfill in the zone.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 29Oct2021
ESTIMATED QUANTITIES FILE NO. 17.13-10
VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SPECIAL PROVISION FOR
NEEDLE-PUNCHED, NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILE STABILIZATION FABRIC
September 12, 2014
I. DESCRIPTION
This work shall consist of furnishing and placing needle-punched, non-woven geotextile
stabilization fabric in accordance with these specifications, as shown on the plans, or as directed
by the Engineer.
II. MATERIAL
The fabric shall be a needle-punched, non-woven geotextile conforming to the following:
Property ASTM Test Method Requirements

Grab Strength D4632 300 lbs @ <50% elongation
Sewn Seam Strength D4533 270 lbs
Tear Strength D4533 110 lbs
Puncture Strength D4833 110 lbs
Burst Strength D3786 500 psi
Permittivity D4491 0.05/sec
Apparent Opening Size (AOS) D4751 0.15 (US sieve #100)
Ultraviolet Stability 50 % after 500 hrs.
D4355
(Retained Strength) severe exposure
III. CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
The geotextile fabric shall be placed as shown on the plans. Joints shall be made by lapping the
end of the placed roll over the new roll a minimum of 30 inches. Overlaps shall be stapled or
pinned using 10- to 18- inch nails a minimum of 50 feet on center for parallel rolls and 5 feet on
center for roll ends.
The fabric shall be protected from the weather and ultraviolet exposure. Rolls shall be stored a
minimum of 12 inches above the ground and covered with a protective cover. Placed fabric shall
not be exposed more than two days before being covered. Damage to fabric shall be repaired by
patching with a minimum of 3 feet overlapping the damaged area. Construction equipment shall
not be permitted directly on the geotextile. Turning of equipment on backfill placed on the
geotextile shall be kept to a minimum.
Embankment placed on the geotextile shall be placed in accordance with Section 303 of the
Specifications.
IV. PAYMENT
No compensation shall be paid for furnishing, placing, lapping or seaming material and for all
materials, labor, tools, equipment and incidentals necessary to complete the work.
ABUTMENTS PART 2
DATE: 12Sep2014
SPECIAL PROV. FOR GEOTEXTILE STABILIZATION FABRIC FILE NO. 17.13-11

Abutment Type Selection Algorithm

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Abutment Type Selection Algorithm

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TABLE OF CONTENTS – ABUTMENTS

FILE NO. TITLE DATE

TABLE OF CONTENTS AND INTRODUCTION

17.TOC-1 Table of Contents - Chapter 17 .......................................................... 29Apr2022

GENERAL INFORMATION AND SELECTION CRITERIA

17.01-1 Abutment Types .................................................................................. 29Apr2022

GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

17.02-1 General Information ............................................................................. 29Oct2021

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11

FILE NO. TITLE DATE

GENERAL ABUTMENT DETAILS

17.03-1 Abutment Neat Component Details - Backwall Clearances

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11

FILE NO. TITLE DATE

FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT

17.04-1 General Information ............................................................................. 30Oct2020

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11

FILE NO. TITLE DATE

FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT (Continued)

17.04-43 Sample Design Calculations ............................................................... 30Apr2020

FULL INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS

17.05-1 General Information ............................................................................. 06Feb2012

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11

FILE NO. TITLE DATE

17.06-1 General Information ............................................................................. 30Apr2020

SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS

17.07-1 General Information ............................................................................. 06Feb2012

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11

FILE NO. TITLE DATE

SEMI-INTEGRAL ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS (Continued)

* 17.07-5 Abutment Details Sheet - Steel Beams/Girders ................................. 30Apr2021

DECK SLAB EXTENSION

17.08-1 General Information ............................................................................. 30Apr2020

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11

FILE NO. TITLE DATE

DECK SLAB EXTENSIONS SAMPLE PLANS

17.09-1 General Information ............................................................................. 06Feb2012

VIRGINIA ABUTMENT SAMPLE PLANS

17.10-1 General Information ............................................................................. 30Oct2020

CONVENTIONAL ABUTMENTS SAMPLE PLANS

17.11-1 General Information ............................................................................. 06Feb2012

17.12-1 General Information ............................................................................. 06Feb2012

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11

FILE NO. TITLE DATE

ABUTMENT DRAINAGE (Continued)

17.12-3 Bridges over Highways or Railroads - Conventional Shelf/

SELECT BACKFILL MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

17.13-1 General Information - Limits of Select Backfill Material Detail-

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11

• Full Integral Abutment

• Full Integral Abutment:

Only abutment type where

• Full Integral Abutment adjacent to retaining wall:

* For MSE walls, the minimum distance

Abutment on multi-row pile footing or spread footing:

Abutment Details not to be used:

Surround 6” diameter PVC perforated

Tooth joints can capture large

Shown with stem wall. This

See previous sheet for minimum

Shown behind MSE wall with

See previous sheet for minimum