PROPERTIES

OF
MATTER
& its Classification
■ Matter is anything that occupies space
and has mass.

■ Properties are those qualities or

attributes that we can use to distinguish
one sample of matter from others.
– Examples include: …….

■ Properties of matter are generally

grouped into two large categories:
1. Physical
2. Chemical
Physical and Chemical
Properties of Matter
■ Physical properties are characteristics
that do not involve a change in a
sample’s chemical makeup.

■ Chemical properties are characteristics

that do involve a change in chemical
makeup.
Intensive and Extensive
Properties
■ Intensive properties have values that do
not depend on the amount of material.
– E.g.

■ Extensive properties depend on the size

or amount of material.
– E.g.

■ NB. All chemical properties are

intensive.
 Classification of Matter
■ Every sample of matter can be classified as
either:
– a pure substance or a mixture of
substances.

■ A pure substance has a constant composition

that is unchanged by physical processes e.g.
boiling, filtering, etc.

■ Mixtures are a dispersion of two or more pure

substances that retain their chemical identity.
– homogeneous mixture: atoms or
molecules are randomly mixed at the
molecular level. E.g. solutions.
Classification of Matter
Pure Substances
■ Can be further classified as :
– an element or compound

■ A compound consists of two or more different

types of atoms, usually joined into molecules.

■ An element cannot be decomposed into

simpler substances by chemical mean and
consists only of atoms of a single type.

– Atoms are characterised by the number of

protons it contains.
 Element

Atoms

Nucleus Electrons

Protons Neutrons