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铁死亡与骨质疏松症的研究进展 郭冰清
铁死亡与骨质疏松症的研究进展 郭冰清
分子生物医学
铁死亡与骨质疏松症的研究进展
1 2
郭冰清 ,蒋涛
( 1. 南京中医药大学,南京 210023; 2. 常州市中医医院骨伤科,江苏 常州 213000)
中图分类号: R681 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1006-2084( 2021) 09-1701-06
摘要: 铁死亡与细胞凋亡、自噬、坏死、焦亡等细胞死亡形式不同,主要涉及铁离子代谢及脂质过氧化反应。铁
死亡在恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病以及神经系统疾病中均具有重要作用,已成为目前研究的焦点。铁超载与细胞铁死
亡关系密切,铁超载及脂质过氧化物累积共同介导骨稳态的破坏,最终导致骨质疏松症的发生,但目前铁死亡在骨
质疏松症中的作用机制尚未明确。因此,深入探讨铁死亡在骨质疏松症发生、发展进程中的作用,有望成为临床抗
骨质疏松的新方向。
关键词: 骨质疏松症; 铁死亡; 脂质过氧化; 铁超载
[3-4]
细胞死亡是细胞生命结束的标志,可出现在胚 以及骨代谢疾病等 。 铁死亡是一种非凋亡性细
胎发育、生物内环境平衡等生理病理过程中。 细胞 胞死亡方式,与其他细胞程序性死亡 ( 包括传统的
死亡模式分为非程序性细胞死亡和程序性细胞死亡 凋亡、自噬、坏死、焦亡等 ) 有显著区别,其主要特征
两大类。非程序性细胞死亡即被动型死亡,主要包 为铁依赖性活性氧类 ( reactive oxygen species,ROS)
[5]
括自溶或异溶等; 程序性细胞死亡即主动型死亡,包 在细胞内大量累积,从而促使细胞死亡 。 铁死亡
[1-2] 2+
括自噬、凋亡、程序性坏死、铁死亡、焦亡等 。研 指在 Fe 或脂氧合酶的作用下,细胞膜高表达的不
究表明,铁死亡与许多疾病的生理病理过程密切相 饱和脂肪酸被催化,发生脂质体过氧化,最终导致细
[6]
关,如肾损伤、肿瘤、缺血再灌注损伤、神经系统疾病 胞死亡 。 常见骨代谢疾病———骨质疏松症的发
生与铁超载以及脂质过氧化均密切相关 。现就铁死
DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-2084. 2021. 09. 007 亡与骨质疏松症的研究进展予以综述 。
基金项目: 江苏省“333 高层次人才培养 工 程”科 研 资 助 项 目
1 细胞铁死亡概述
( BRA2020149)
1. 1 Dolma 等[7]
细胞铁死亡的发现和命名 2003 年,
通信作者: 蒋涛,Email: doctorjt88@ 163. com
发现,erastin 具有诱导癌细胞死亡的能力,且 erastin
· 1702· 医学综述 2021 年 5 月第 27 卷第 9 期 Medical Recapitulate,May 2021,Vol. 27,No. 9
自噬 双层 膜 结 构 ( 自 噬 溶酶体活性 ATG5、ATG7、LC3、Beclin-1、
氨酸的吸收) 影响 GSH 的合成,导致 GPX4 活性降
空泡 /溶酶体) 增加 DRAM3、TFEB 等 低,
使细胞的抗氧化应激水平减弱,脂质 ROS 大量产
[25]
坏死 细胞质和细胞器胀 腺苷三磷酸 RIP1、RIP3 等 生,
最终引发氧化应激损伤,导致铁死亡 。GPX4
大,染色质适度凝结, 水平降低 抑制剂: GPX4 作为细胞铁死亡的关键因子,可催化
质膜破裂
GSH 转变为氧化型 GSH,使具有细胞毒性的脂质过
[13]
焦亡 细胞核浓缩,染色质 caspase 的 caspase-1、4、5、11,GSDMD, 氧化物转化为相应的醇 。抑制 GPX4 活性可以间
DNA 断裂,细胞肿胀 激活 Cleaved CASP-3 ,IL-1 β、 -
接诱导脂质过氧化物的积累。erastin 作为 system Xc
继而膜破裂 IL-18 等
抑制剂 ,可直 接 靶 向 细 胞 中 的 线 粒 体 电 压 依 赖 性
[7]
GPX4: 谷胱甘肽过氧化酶 4; TFR1: 转铁蛋白受体 1; SLC7A11: 阴离子通道蛋白 ,进而降低 GPX4 活性 。 还有一
溶质载体家族 7 成员 11; Nrf2: 核因子 E2 相关因子 2; NCOA4: 核受
种小分子 FIN56( 一种特异性铁死亡诱导剂 ) 则通
体共激活因子 4; HSPB1: 热激蛋白 B1; ACSL4: 长链脂酰辅酶 A 合成
酶 4; FSP: 铁死亡抑制蛋白; caspase: 胱天蛋白酶; Bcl-2: B 细胞淋巴 过与角鲨烯合酶结合并消耗抗氧化剂辅酶 Q10 降
瘤-2; Bax: Bcl-2 相关 X 蛋白; ATG: 自噬相关基因; LC3: 微管相关蛋 解 GPX4,达到抑制 GPX4 的目的 ; 而 FINO2 ( 一种
白 1 轻链 3; Beclin-1: Bcl-2 同源结构域蛋白; DRAM3: DNA 损伤自噬
调控因子 3; TFEB: 转录因子 EB; RIP: 受体相互作用蛋白; GSDMD:
特异性铁死亡诱导剂 ) 可间接灭活 GPX4 以诱导铁
[10,
24]
消皮素 D; Cleaved CASP-3: 胱天蛋白酶-3 活化形式; IL: 白细胞介素 死亡 。
医学综述 2021 年 5 月第 27 卷第 9 期 Medical Recapitulate,May 2021,Vol. 27,No. 9 · 1703·
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