TYPHOON FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT

G8 – PAUL (GROUP 5)
Script by: Marie Ysabelle Ocampo

**LEANNE will change the slides for Ysabelle’s reporting

SLIDE – TOPIC LIST / GRP DETAILS
Ysabelle: Good morning, everyone! Classmates and Miss Janine. We are Group 5 and our topic will help
you understand the factors affecting typhoon and the typhoon safety management.

Ysabelle: Since our topic is connected from the previous lesson, we will have a quick recap from the last
reporting which was presented by group 4. We prepared 5 questions and anyone who can give the correct
answer will receive a prize! Isn’t it exciting! But the winner can only win once, okay? The first person to raise
their hand will get the chance to answer. Okay, let’s start.

 [RM will monitor and confirm who first raise the hand]
 [RALPH will give the prize]

SLIDE – RECAP RECITATION

Ysabelle: Please listen carefully for our 1st question. What do we call a wind system with a
counterclockwise or clockwise inward circulation in a low-pressure area? YES. CYCLONE OR TROPICAL
CYCLONE IS CORRECT! , you may claim your prize with Ralph.

Ysabelle: Here goes our 2nd question. Typhoon is a cyclone formed in the North Atlantic Ocean. True or
False. YES. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS FALSE. Because… this is our 3rd question... typhoon is formed and
develop, where? Anyone? YES. IT’S IN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OR NORTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN. and ,
you can now claim your prize.

Ysabelle: The 4th question is... What do we call a tropical storm with maximum sustained surface winds of
62 km/hr? YES! TROPICAL DEPRESSION IS CORRECT! , come and get your prize.

Ysabelle: And for our 5th and last question. It is the area encircling the Earth near the equator where the
Northeast and Southeast trade winds come together. Your answer should be in full form. YES.
INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE IS CORRECT! , please get your prize.

Ysabelle: Thank you for participating guys. We have another set of games after our presentation so please
pay attention, listen, and learn.

Ysabelle: Now I will give you the floor to Leanne to start our topic.

**RALPH will change the slides for Leanne’s reporting

SLIDE - FACTOR AFFECTING TYPHOON
Leanne: Now, on to our topic. We may ask why tropical cyclone is frequent in the Philippines or why
Philippines is prone to tropical cyclones? Well.. it is because the Tropical cyclones tend to develop over warm
tropical water and the Philippines is situated in the Western Pacific Ocean near the Equator where the ocean
is warm. Also, the wind in this part of the Earth is also West ward blowing, so typhoons that form over the
Pacific often blows over into the Philippines. Hence, the Philippines is always struck by typhoons.

Leanne: Have you ever wondered how typhoon maintain its strength? Now, let’s discuss how Bodies of
Water and Landforms affect the strength or intensity of typhoons in the Philippines.

SLIDE – BODIES OF WATER

 Leanne: Let’s begin with Bodies of Water. We learned earlier that typhoon gets its energy from warm
oceans. So, when a typhoon stays longer in the ocean, like the Pacific Ocean, it gains more wind and water
vapor and gets stronger. Typhoon reach its greatest intensity while located over warm tropical water.
SLIDE – MOUNTAIN RANGE
Leanne: Now, as soon as the typhoon moves inland or reaches various landforms, like mountain ranges,
typhoon may begin to weaken. How? Because the friction with the mountain can break the strong winds
accompanied by typhoons. The moisture in the wind may also be blocked by the mountains making the air
masses dry resulting to decrease in the strength of the wind.

SLIDE - PAGASA
Leanne: The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or most known
as PAGASA is the national institution in the Philippines that is dedicated in providing flood and typhoon
warnings, as well as public weather forecasts and advisories.

SLIDE - PAR
Leanne: The PAGASA monitors all typhoon that enters within the Philippines Area of Responsibility or PAR
for short, whose boundary is closest to the Philippine Islands. The exact dimension of this domain is the area
of the Western North Pacific bounded by imaginary lines connecting the coordinates first at
 5 degrees North and 115 degrees East
 15 degrees North and 115 degrees East
 21 degrees North and 120 degrees East
 25 degrees North and 120 degrees East
 25 degrees North and 135 degrees East
 5 degrees North and 135 degrees East

SLIDE – OUTSIDE OF PAR

Leanne: Okay, let’s have an example. If the typhoon is located at 15 degrees North and 139 degrees East.
Can you tell if it is within the Philippines Area of Responsibility? We can see the 15 degrees North but the
139 degrees East is outside of PAR coordinates, so it means that this typhoon has not yet entered or not
within the Philippines Area of Responsibility yet.

SLIDE – WITHIN PAR

Leanne: Once a weather disturbance enters the PAR, the PAGASA will issue warnings to the public and it
will be closely monitored, and when it has developed into typhoon, PAGASA will assign a local name to it.
The areas of the country that will be affected by the typhoon are also being identified and announced for
appropriate actions to be taken.

**RM will change the slides for John Gabriel’s reporting

SLIDE - PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL SYSTEM
Leanne: Now, let us listen to John Gabriel to know more about the Public Storm Warning Signal System

John Gabriel: When tropical cyclone enters the Philippine Area of Responsibility or PAR, warning signals are
issued by PAGASA to warn people about the approaching weather disturbances.
Why do we need to know the Public Storm Warning Signal?
Now, let’s learn about the Public Storm Warning Signal System so we will know how strong a typhoon is.

SLIDE - PSWS #1
John Gabriel: In signal no. 1, winds of 30 to 60 kilometers per hour maybe expected in at least 36 hours.
Classes are suspended for kinder garden. There may be no damage to very light damage to structures. So,
what should we do? Watch out for big waves and be updated if there’s a severe weather bulletin issued
from PAGASA.

SLIDE - PSWS #2
 John Gabriel: In signal no. 2, winds of 61 to 120 kilometers per hour maybe expected in at least 24 hours.
Light to moderate damage to structures may happen and during this period avoid riding in small seacraft.
Those who travel by sea and air should avoid unnecessary risks. Postponed outdoor activities of children.

SLIDE - PSWS #3
John Gabriel: In signal no. 3, winds of 121 to 170 kilometers per hour maybe expected in at least 18 hours.
Moderate to heavy damage is expected to structures. When on signal no. 3 avoid riding in any seacraft. Seek
shelter in strong buildings. Evacuate from low line areas and stay away from coast and riverbanks.

SLIDE - PSWS #4
John Gabriel: In signal no. 4, winds of 171 to 220 kilometers per hour maybe expected in at least 12 hours.
Heavy to very heavy damage is expected to structures. Storm surge is expected to reach 2 to 3 meters in
coastal areas, so residents will be required to evacuate immediately. All travels and outdoor activities should
be cancelled. The locality is very likely to be hit directly by the eye of the typhoon.

SLIDE - PSWS #5
John Gabriel: Lastly, we have signal no. 5, also called the super typhoon, winds of more than 220 kilometers
per hour maybe expected in at least 12 hours. Very heavy to widespread damage is expected to structures.
Storm surge of more than 3 meters is expected in coastal areas. Residents in these areas hit by the typhoon
should evacuate immediately if the storm is classified as signal no. 5. An example of which is Typhoon
Yolanda in 2013.

John Gabriel: The public is advised to stay alert, vigilant and be prepared when the typhoon comes.

**YSABELLE will change the slides for Ralph’s reporting

SLIDE - TYPHOON SAFETY MANAGEMENT
John Gabriel: Now let us hear from Ralph about the Typhoon Safety Management.

Ralph: It is an important thing that everyone is informed about the weather, more so, to an upcoming
typhoon. Someone cannot avoid the typhoon, but one can lessen the damage or prevent further destruction
if he or she is well knowledgeable and well informed about the typhoon.

Ralph: All information about the weather is provided by PAGASA. It is a national service institution under
the Department of Science and Technology. Its task and duties are as follows:
1. Weather and climate monitoring
2. Typhoon and flood information provision
3. Weather advisories and forecasting
4. Astronomy, Climatology and Meteorology facts provisions
5. Public Storm Warning Signals declaration

SLIDE - DAMAGING EFFECTS OF TYPHOONS

Ralph: The intensity, size and location of a tropical cyclone will directly define how much destruction and
damage will be in the affected area. With its heavy rains, it can move and reshape landforms by extensive
erosion and massive landslides in mountainous areas.

Ralph: So, what are the main effect of typhoon?

SLIDE - HEAVY RAINFALL AND FLOODS

Ralph: Heavy and continuous rains may result into flooding, mudslides, and landslides. The livelihood
resources and agricultural crops can be damage by flashfloods especially in low-lying areas. Outbreak of
certain diseases such as diarrhea and typhoid fever may occur in certain areas where drinking waters were
contaminated with flood waters. Dengue fever and leptospirosis are possible in areas with standing waters
brought by flooding. Mud slides and landslides are great threat to high areas and places around the
 mountains. Boulders of rocks and tons of lands loosen and detached from mountainsides may bury houses
or block roads.

SLIDE - STRONG WINDS

Ralph: Tropical cyclones’ strong winds may remove forest canopy and change the landscape near coastal
areas. Rushing winds of a typhoon can also damage and destroy infrastructures such as houses, buildings,
bridges, and roads. Communication, electrical services and transportation may be disrupted by turned down
stations, electrical posts and communication lines.

SLIDE - STORM SURGE

Ralph: In coastal areas, the sea level may suddenly increase up to meters of high. This sudden rising of water
level is the cause of great numbers of death in a typhoon occurrence. The sudden increase in the sea level
may lead to flooding homes and damaging of agricultural land areas. The storm surge may also destroy to
natural habitats of animals and man-made structures.

**JOHN GABRIEL will change the slides for RM’s reporting

SLIDE - PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES TO LESSEN THE EFFECTS OF TYPHOONS
Ralph: Now, to learn about the precautionary measures to take to lessen the effects of typhoon, let’s listen
to RM.

RM: Living in a country like the Philippines, where typhoon is frequent, having knowledge about
precautionary measures and preventive ways is a must. We cannot assure a 100% safety or zero damage
but we can lessen the risk and the impact of typhoon.

RM: So, what are the things to follow before, during or after a typhoon?

SLIDE - BEFORE A TYPHOON

RM: Before a typhoon comes,
 know the emergency hotlines
 Store enough supplies. Stock up food, water, medicines, radios, flashlights and extra batteries.
 On farm areas, harvest crops that are ready for harvest
 Check electrical wiring and move electrical appliances to a safe place. Make sure the equipment
is not water damage before using it again.
 Move domesticated animals in safe place.
 Prepare an emergency kit. Ready your go-bag that contains your basic needs such as water, easy
to eat foods that will last for days, extra clothes, flashlights, extra batteries, radio, whistle,
medicines and toiletries.
 Leave the areas prone to flood and storm surge. Identify the selected evacuation centers near
your house and prepare for possible evacuation.
 Keep yourself updated to the latest news about the typhoon. Download useful applications to
your mobile phones such as news app. Don’t forget to fully charge your phone and prepare
additional power banks.

SLIDE - DURING A TYPHOON

RM: During the typhoon,
 remain calm. Stay indoor as much as possible but keep alert.
 Always tune in to latest weather report.
 Be ready to evacuate in case the water will rise.
 If evacuation is required, move calmly and always have a clear mind set.

SLIDE - AFTER A TYPHOON

RM: And after the typhoon,
 check every member of the family.
  Inspect the parts of the house for any damages. Before turning on electronic appliances, check
all the outlets to make sure they are not wet.
 Report immediately any damages in public properties. Don’t go near uprooted trees, damage
structures and power lines. Stay in your area to avoid causing inconvenience during emergency
response.
 Still be updated with the latest weather report. If evacuated, wait for the signal from authorities
when it is safe to return home.
 Be careful on using water, especially for drinking.
 Avoid flooded area. If it is unavoidable, wear rubber boots.

**LEANNE will change the slides for Ysabelle’s game session

SLIDE – TOPIC LIST / GRP DETAILS
Ysabelle: And there you have it guys, we hope you’ve learned a lot about our topic for today. And as we
promised, before we end our session, we will have another game. You will play per group, and it will be the
same grouping in our reporting. So, guys… kindly join now with your reporting group and listen carefully to
the rules of our game.

 While Ysabelle is talking, will write the group names on the whiteboard in 5 equal column spaces; maximizing
the whole board
GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4 GROUP 6
 Prepare only 1 board marker for the game. Place it on the table.

Ysabelle: Our game will be a Word or Words Guessing Game. Look closely at the tv screen…
SLIDE - _ Y _____N
Ysabelle: There would be blank lines for each letter in the word, and for the hint, we will provide a letter
or 2 or maybe more.

Ysabelle: I will read the description of the word and after I say “GO!” one of you will reach for the board
marker [show the board marker and put it back on the table]
and write the correct answer on the board just below your group name. The first person who can go to the
board and write the correct answer is allocated a point to his or her group. For the example on our tv screen…
It is a cyclone that forms in the North Pacific Ocean… What would it be? Any guesses on my example? Yes
[name] that’s correct! The word is… Typhoon
SLIDE - GROUP 5
1. Typhoon
Ysabelle: The group who will reach 5 points will be our winner and each member will have a prize. Members
of the group will be working with each other, you can coach each other, but take note that all members
must be able to get the chance to answer on the board. It means 1 member can only answer once, okay. Are
the rules of our game clear?
Ysabelle: Okay, let’s start! For the first word….
SLIDE - _ _ G _ _ _
Ysabelle: It is a National Institution that is dedicated to provide weather forecast and advisories in the
Philippines. GO!
Ysabelle: Yes, the answer is… PAGASA!
SLIDE - P A G A S A

Ysabelle: Next is 2 words ….

SLIDE - M _ _ _ T _ _ _ R _ _ _ _
Ysabelle: This landform weakens typhoons and can help break the eye of the cyclone resulting in a slower
wind speed. GO!
Ysabelle: Mountain Range is correct!
SLIDE - M O U N T A I N R A N G E

Ysabelle: Next on the screen….

SLIDE - S T _ _ _ S _ _ _ E
Ysabelle: This is the sudden rising of seawater level during a storm. GO!
Ysabelle: Good job Group [number]!
SLIDE - S T O R M S U R G E

Ysabelle: Next is group of words

SLIDE - _ _ _ L _ _ _ _ N _ _ R _ _ _ _ R _ _ _ _ N _ _ _ _ L _ _ _
Ysabelle: This is an area in the Western North Pacific bounded by imaginary lines, where PAGASA monitors
weather occurrences. The answer should be in full form. GO!
Ysabelle: You’ve got it right [name]!
SLIDE - P H I L I P P I N E A R E A O F R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y

Ysabelle: Next words to complete….

SLIDE - _ _ D _ _ S _ _ _ _ T _ R
Ysabelle: This is where the typhoon gets its energy and when stays in this area, the typhoon gains more
wind and water vapor and gets stronger. GO!
Ysabelle: Yes, the answer is…. Bodies of Water
SLIDE - B O D I E S O F W A T E R

Ysabelle: Next on the screen ….

SLIDE - _ M _ _ _ _ N _ _ _ _ T
Ysabelle: This ready to-go bag contains basic needs or supplies that must be prepared before a typhoon
hits. GO!
Ysabelle: Emergency Kit is correct!
SLIDE - E M E R G E N C Y K I T

Ysabelle: Next is 2 words ….

SLIDE - P _ _ _ _ U _ _ _ _ _ _ Y M _ _ _ U _ _ _
Ysabelle: This should be taken ahead of time to help everyone survives, recover and prevent damage and
lessen the impact of any natural disaster like typhoon. GO!
Ysabelle: Good job Group [number]!
SLIDE - P R E C A U T I O N A R Y M E A S U R E S

Ysabelle: Next on the screen….

SLIDE - _ L _ _ _ S
Ysabelle: This is one of the results of heavy and continuous rain falls in which water overflows into normally
dry land and volume of water collects in an area. GO!
Ysabelle: You’ve got it right [name]!
SLIDE - F L O O D S

Ysabelle: Next words to complete….

SLIDE - _ V _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N _ _ N _ _ _
Ysabelle: A temporary or provisional safe space that provides a basic shelter for people affected by a
disaster. GO!
Ysabelle: Yes, the answer is… Evacuation Center
SLIDE - E V A C U A T I O N C E N T E R

Ysabelle: Next is group of words….

SLIDE - P _ _ L _ _ _ _ O _ _ W _ _ N _ _ _ _ _ _ N _ L
Ysabelle: These are issued by PAGASA to warn the public of incoming weather disturbances or current
Typhoon condition based on the intensity, speed, forecast direction and the expected impact to the
structures. GO!
Ysabelle: Very easy huh!
SLIDE - P U B L I C S T O R M W A R N I N G S I G N A L

Ysabelle: Next ….
SLIDE - W _ _ _ W _ _ _ _
Ysabelle: It generates energy for a typhoon to develop. It makes the air increase its water vapor as it
condenses and form clouds.
Ysabelle: Yay! Warm water is correct!
SLIDE - W A R M W A T E R

Ysabelle: On the screen….

SLIDE - B _ _ _ O
Ysabelle: Typhoon is locally known in the Philippines as...
Ysabelle: Good job Group [number]!
SLIDE - B A G Y O

Ysabelle: Next is a combined 2 words….

SLIDE - L _ _ _ F _ _ _ S
Ysabelle: It is the natural physical features found on the surface of the earth such as mountain ranges
which serve as an obstacle for travelling air masses making typhoon weaker.

Ysabelle: You’ve got it right [name]!

SLIDE - L A N D F O R M S
Ysabelle: Next is 2 words….
SLIDE - _ _ _ _ F _ _ _ _ E _ _
Ysabelle: It is the largest ocean in the world and the most active region in terms of tropical storms and
cyclones.
Ysabelle: Yes, the answer is… Pacific Ocean!
SLIDE - P A C I F I C O C E A N

*** MORE QUESTIONS TO FOLLOW ***

SLIDE – CONGRATULATIONS!
Ysabelle: Congratulations, Group . Please get your prizes with LEANNE!

SLIDE – THANK YOU / GROUP CONTRIBUTIONS

Ysabelle: Thank you everyone! We hope you learn and enjoy our presentation.